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A little bit of history: The first direct bonding in orthodontia
CLINICIANS'
CORNER
A little bit of history: The first direct bonding in orthodontia Herbert Ivan Cueto, Dr. Odont., DMD, MS, D. Orth.* Falls Church, Va.
I n 1966, in the Orthodontic Department of the Eastman Dental Center, a direct-bonding technique was developed and used for the first time on several patients. The experimental round metal brackets had single-groove 0.018 × 0.025-inch bracket slots with a plastic resin attached to the base (Unitek, Monrovia, Calif.) (Fig. 1). The adhesive resin was the same kind used in previous experiments by Cueto and Bounocore for the sealing of pits and fissures, x'2 This experiment was done to see if it was feasible to attach a bracket directly to tooth enamel without the use of orthodontic bands. The adhesive consisted of a liquid monomer, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910, Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.), and a silicate filler. This mixutre
*Clinical Dental Fellow at Eastman Dental Center, University of Rochester, New York, 1957-58. 8t1/18473
had a working time of about 1 minute and a setting time of 2 to 4 minutes. Before application of the adhesive, the enamel surface was cleaned with pumice, rinsed with water, isolated with cotton rolls, and completely dried with warm air. A mixture of 50% phosphoric acid and 7% zinc oxide was applied to the enamel with a cotton-roll pellet and allowed to remain on the surface for 45 seconds. The teeth were again rinsed with water, isolated with cotton rolls, and dried with compressed air. A whitish area, indicating a superficial decalcification of the tooth enamel, was now noticeable. The powder-liquid adhesive was then mixed, and a small amount was placed on the back of the bracket. The brackets were then placed in the correct position with cotton pliers. Only the four upper anterior teeth, and in some cases the upper canines, were bonded in this way. During subsequent visits, arch wires were placed. From a period of 8 to 18 months, only a small percentage of brackets failed to remain bonded. In one
Fig. 1. Direct-bonding brackets in position with O.018oinch round arch wire.
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case, the brackets r e m a i n e d in position for the duration o f the t r e a t m e n t - - 1 ½ years. In another case, the brackets r e m a i n e d for 9 months, at w h i c h t i m e the teeth w e r e debonded. T h e historical v a l u e o f this incident m a y interest the reader, since it was the first time direct b o n d i n g was used in dentistry. REFERENCES 1. Cueto IH. Sealing of pits and fissures with an adhesive compound and its use in the prevention of caries. [MS Thesis] Rochester,
277
New York: University of Rochester Medical and Dental School, 1965. 2. Cueto IH, Bounocore M. Sealing of pits and fissures with an adhesive resin: its use in caries prevention, J Am Dent Assoc 1967;75:121-8. Reprint requests to:
Dr. Herbert I. Cueto 3705 South George Mason Dr. Suite C-7-S Falls Church, VA 22041
AAO MEETING CALENDAR
1991--Seattle, Wash., May 11 to 15, Seattle Convention Center 1992--St. Louis, Mo., May 10 to 13, St. Louis Convention Center 1993mToronto, Canada, May 16 to 19, Metropolitan Toronto Convention Center 1994--Orlando, Fla., May 1 to 4, Orange County Convention and Civic Center 1995mSan Francisco, Calif., May 7 to 10, Moscone Convention Center 1996--Denver, Colo., May 12-15, Colorado Convention Center
CORNER
A little bit of history: The first direct bonding in orthodontia Herbert Ivan Cueto, Dr. Odont., DMD, MS, D. Orth.* Falls Church, Va.
I n 1966, in the Orthodontic Department of the Eastman Dental Center, a direct-bonding technique was developed and used for the first time on several patients. The experimental round metal brackets had single-groove 0.018 × 0.025-inch bracket slots with a plastic resin attached to the base (Unitek, Monrovia, Calif.) (Fig. 1). The adhesive resin was the same kind used in previous experiments by Cueto and Bounocore for the sealing of pits and fissures, x'2 This experiment was done to see if it was feasible to attach a bracket directly to tooth enamel without the use of orthodontic bands. The adhesive consisted of a liquid monomer, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Eastman 910, Eastman Kodak, Rochester, N.Y.), and a silicate filler. This mixutre
*Clinical Dental Fellow at Eastman Dental Center, University of Rochester, New York, 1957-58. 8t1/18473
had a working time of about 1 minute and a setting time of 2 to 4 minutes. Before application of the adhesive, the enamel surface was cleaned with pumice, rinsed with water, isolated with cotton rolls, and completely dried with warm air. A mixture of 50% phosphoric acid and 7% zinc oxide was applied to the enamel with a cotton-roll pellet and allowed to remain on the surface for 45 seconds. The teeth were again rinsed with water, isolated with cotton rolls, and dried with compressed air. A whitish area, indicating a superficial decalcification of the tooth enamel, was now noticeable. The powder-liquid adhesive was then mixed, and a small amount was placed on the back of the bracket. The brackets were then placed in the correct position with cotton pliers. Only the four upper anterior teeth, and in some cases the upper canines, were bonded in this way. During subsequent visits, arch wires were placed. From a period of 8 to 18 months, only a small percentage of brackets failed to remain bonded. In one
Fig. 1. Direct-bonding brackets in position with O.018oinch round arch wire.
276
Volume 98 Number 3
Clinicians' corner
case, the brackets r e m a i n e d in position for the duration o f the t r e a t m e n t - - 1 ½ years. In another case, the brackets r e m a i n e d for 9 months, at w h i c h t i m e the teeth w e r e debonded. T h e historical v a l u e o f this incident m a y interest the reader, since it was the first time direct b o n d i n g was used in dentistry. REFERENCES 1. Cueto IH. Sealing of pits and fissures with an adhesive compound and its use in the prevention of caries. [MS Thesis] Rochester,
277
New York: University of Rochester Medical and Dental School, 1965. 2. Cueto IH, Bounocore M. Sealing of pits and fissures with an adhesive resin: its use in caries prevention, J Am Dent Assoc 1967;75:121-8. Reprint requests to:
Dr. Herbert I. Cueto 3705 South George Mason Dr. Suite C-7-S Falls Church, VA 22041
AAO MEETING CALENDAR
1991--Seattle, Wash., May 11 to 15, Seattle Convention Center 1992--St. Louis, Mo., May 10 to 13, St. Louis Convention Center 1993mToronto, Canada, May 16 to 19, Metropolitan Toronto Convention Center 1994--Orlando, Fla., May 1 to 4, Orange County Convention and Civic Center 1995mSan Francisco, Calif., May 7 to 10, Moscone Convention Center 1996--Denver, Colo., May 12-15, Colorado Convention Center