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A longitudinal study of the relationship between placental and fetal growth as measured by ultrasonography
300
Citations from the Literature
later) provided therapeutic levels and had minimal maternal and perinatal side effects. No seizures occurred after its correct usage. This regimen is simple, safe, effective, and provides ongoing anticonvulsant coverage in the postpartum period. We suggest that phenytoin may represent a suitable alternative anticonvulsant in this condition.
with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy (fetal death, fetal distress necessitating a cesarean section, or neonatal weight below the 10th percentile) placental growth retardation always preceded fetal complications or growth retardation by at least 3 weeks.
The management of severe erytbroblastosis fetalis by fetal transfusion: Survival of transfused adult erythrocytes in the fetus
Pattison N.; Roberts A. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZL OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,74/6 (901-904) The survival of adult erythrocytes transfused into the fetus was measured after intravenous and/or intraperitoneal transfusion. We performed 80 fetal transfusions on 20 severely anemic fetuses, 18 of whom survived. The survival of adult erythrocytes in the fetal circulation was similar to that in the adult circulation and did not depend on the route of transfusion, gestational age, or presence of hydrops. Eighty percent of blood transfused into the fetal peritoneal cavity appeared in the fetal circulation. Efficacy of different starting doses of oxytocin for induction of labor
Wein P. Royal Women’s Hospital, 13.2 Grattan Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Vie. 3053, AUS OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,74/6 (863-868) One thousand twenty inductions of labor by amniotomy and continuous infusion of oxytocin at the Royal Women’s Hospital were reviewed. Three different starting rates of infusion of oxytocin were used by altering the concentration to 2, 5, or 10 U/L. There were no difference in success of induction as measured by induction-to-delivery interval or by rate of vaginal delivery using higher initial concentrations of oxytocin. Higher pre-induction Bishop scores were associated with shorter labors and more vaginal deliveries. This study was retrospective and nonrandomized, but within these limits it suggests that ‘lowdose’ oxytocin infusion is effective for induction of labor and may be associated with fewer hazards than are higher doses.. A longitudinal study of the relationship between placental and fetal growth as measured by ultrasonography
Wolf H.; Oosting H.; Treffers P.E. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, NLD AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,161/5 (1140-1145) Placental volume and fetal weight were estimated by ultrasonographic measurement at regular intervals from 16 to 20 weeks’ gestation in 18 patients. The individual data were fitted to a logistic function. The estimated parameters were used to compare different groups of patients. In seven normal cases placental and fetal growth followed a sigmoid or nearly linear pattern. In four of these cases a reduction of placental and fetal growth during the last 1 to 3 weeks was apparent. In 11 cases Znt J Gynecol Obstet 32
Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal femur length in growth disturbances
Abramowicz J.S.; Jaffe R.; Warsof S.L. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,161/S (1137-1140) Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal femur length is a recognized technique for determination of gestational age and fetal growth. A total of 280 pregnant women were studied, each of whom had pathologies with the potential to either accelerate or delay fetal growth. There were 1000 measurements of the fetal femur length performed on these 280 fetuses. A total of 125 fetuses were found to have a growth disturbance - 91 with asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation and 34 with macrosomia. Comparison of fetuses with either intrauterine growth retardation or macrosomia with appropriate-forgestational-age fetuses showed that the femur length is not statistically affected by intrauterine growth abnormalities.
qlasma amino acids in appropriate- and small-for-gestationalage fetuses
Economides D.L.; Nicolaides K.H.; Gahl W.A.; Bernardini I.; Evans M.I. Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine. King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry> Denmark Hill, London SE5 8RX. GBR AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989, 161/5 (1219-1227) The fetal plasma amino acid profiles of 28 small-for-gestational-age fetuses were established in umbilical venous blood samples obtained by cordocentesis and the values were compared with those of 62 appropriate-for-gestational age fetuses. In the appropriate-for-gestational-age group fetal levels were significantly correlated with but were higher than the maternal levels, which indicates that amino acids are actively transported by the placenta. In the small-for-gestational-age group, the fetal plasma concentration and the fetomaternai ratio of essential amino acids was decreased and this decrease was significantly correlated with the degree of fetal hypoxemia. There was a variable response (e.g., alanine was increased, whereas serine and tyrosine were decreased) involved with nonessential amino acids. In umbilical venous hypoxemia the plasma ratio of nonessential/essential amino acids was increased, and the maternal plasma concentrations of both essential and nonessential amino acids were increased. These findings suggest that in uteroplacental insufficiency there is intrauterine starvation.
Citations from the Literature
later) provided therapeutic levels and had minimal maternal and perinatal side effects. No seizures occurred after its correct usage. This regimen is simple, safe, effective, and provides ongoing anticonvulsant coverage in the postpartum period. We suggest that phenytoin may represent a suitable alternative anticonvulsant in this condition.
with an abnormal outcome of pregnancy (fetal death, fetal distress necessitating a cesarean section, or neonatal weight below the 10th percentile) placental growth retardation always preceded fetal complications or growth retardation by at least 3 weeks.
The management of severe erytbroblastosis fetalis by fetal transfusion: Survival of transfused adult erythrocytes in the fetus
Pattison N.; Roberts A. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, NZL OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,74/6 (901-904) The survival of adult erythrocytes transfused into the fetus was measured after intravenous and/or intraperitoneal transfusion. We performed 80 fetal transfusions on 20 severely anemic fetuses, 18 of whom survived. The survival of adult erythrocytes in the fetal circulation was similar to that in the adult circulation and did not depend on the route of transfusion, gestational age, or presence of hydrops. Eighty percent of blood transfused into the fetal peritoneal cavity appeared in the fetal circulation. Efficacy of different starting doses of oxytocin for induction of labor
Wein P. Royal Women’s Hospital, 13.2 Grattan Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Vie. 3053, AUS OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,74/6 (863-868) One thousand twenty inductions of labor by amniotomy and continuous infusion of oxytocin at the Royal Women’s Hospital were reviewed. Three different starting rates of infusion of oxytocin were used by altering the concentration to 2, 5, or 10 U/L. There were no difference in success of induction as measured by induction-to-delivery interval or by rate of vaginal delivery using higher initial concentrations of oxytocin. Higher pre-induction Bishop scores were associated with shorter labors and more vaginal deliveries. This study was retrospective and nonrandomized, but within these limits it suggests that ‘lowdose’ oxytocin infusion is effective for induction of labor and may be associated with fewer hazards than are higher doses.. A longitudinal study of the relationship between placental and fetal growth as measured by ultrasonography
Wolf H.; Oosting H.; Treffers P.E. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, NLD AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,161/5 (1140-1145) Placental volume and fetal weight were estimated by ultrasonographic measurement at regular intervals from 16 to 20 weeks’ gestation in 18 patients. The individual data were fitted to a logistic function. The estimated parameters were used to compare different groups of patients. In seven normal cases placental and fetal growth followed a sigmoid or nearly linear pattern. In four of these cases a reduction of placental and fetal growth during the last 1 to 3 weeks was apparent. In 11 cases Znt J Gynecol Obstet 32
Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal femur length in growth disturbances
Abramowicz J.S.; Jaffe R.; Warsof S.L. Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989,161/S (1137-1140) Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal femur length is a recognized technique for determination of gestational age and fetal growth. A total of 280 pregnant women were studied, each of whom had pathologies with the potential to either accelerate or delay fetal growth. There were 1000 measurements of the fetal femur length performed on these 280 fetuses. A total of 125 fetuses were found to have a growth disturbance - 91 with asymmetrical intrauterine growth retardation and 34 with macrosomia. Comparison of fetuses with either intrauterine growth retardation or macrosomia with appropriate-forgestational-age fetuses showed that the femur length is not statistically affected by intrauterine growth abnormalities.
qlasma amino acids in appropriate- and small-for-gestationalage fetuses
Economides D.L.; Nicolaides K.H.; Gahl W.A.; Bernardini I.; Evans M.I. Harris Birthright Research Centre for Fetal Medicine. King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry> Denmark Hill, London SE5 8RX. GBR AM. J. OBSTET. GYNECOL. 1989, 161/5 (1219-1227) The fetal plasma amino acid profiles of 28 small-for-gestational-age fetuses were established in umbilical venous blood samples obtained by cordocentesis and the values were compared with those of 62 appropriate-for-gestational age fetuses. In the appropriate-for-gestational-age group fetal levels were significantly correlated with but were higher than the maternal levels, which indicates that amino acids are actively transported by the placenta. In the small-for-gestational-age group, the fetal plasma concentration and the fetomaternai ratio of essential amino acids was decreased and this decrease was significantly correlated with the degree of fetal hypoxemia. There was a variable response (e.g., alanine was increased, whereas serine and tyrosine were decreased) involved with nonessential amino acids. In umbilical venous hypoxemia the plasma ratio of nonessential/essential amino acids was increased, and the maternal plasma concentrations of both essential and nonessential amino acids were increased. These findings suggest that in uteroplacental insufficiency there is intrauterine starvation.