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A mechanical harmonic analyser
Oceanographic Abstracts
703
amination of the long-term pattern of the rms error it is possible to determine some regularities in its variation and its bearing on the pattern of ice-formation in different areas of the ocean. The author also proposes certain recommendations for using the rms error to determine the number of years over which observations should be taken to obtain a gwen rms error of the arithmetic mean. (Author) WAKAMO, CH~TER L. and ROBERt C. FITZPATRICK 1962. Instrument for the measurement of hydrodynamic flow noise. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 8-20. An experimental study of the generation of acoustic energy by fluid turbulence near an extended solid boundary was performed. For this study, a free-falling self-contained missile was conceived. Parameters affecting the design of the vehicle were stability, velocity, recovery of the vehicle, skin vibration or "Self noise" factor, and the effects of acceleration and deceleration on equipment performance. An inboard magnetic tape data recording system stores the acoustic signals for subsequent analysis. Detailed information on the depth-measurement circuitry, automatic recovery mechanism, Calibration procedure and check-out for a typical launching and recovery are presented.
WALDEN,ROBERT G. and DAVID H. FRANTZ, Jr. 1962. A long-range oceanographic telemetering system. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N. Y. 1 : 50-54. A low cost transponding buoy for medium frequency, long-range ocean telemetry has been developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and further refined commercially. Its use as a drift buoy has been previously described; more recently a series of propagation tests at 2.4 inc. and 7 inc. has been conducted out to a 1400 mile range, and temperature measurements have been transmitted on a regular schedule. The buoy, and associated receiving and recording equipment are described, as well as the necessary buoy control circuitry for certain typical problems in physical oceanography. WATANABE,N. 1962. On the fall of chlorinity of sea water due to the flowing of land water. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 32: 123-130. It has been well-kngwn that the chlorinity of sea-water becomes lower when the land-water flows into an area or a bay. In order to estimate quantitatively the chlorinity decrease due to the overflow, the author tried to simplify the equation of continuity: dCl d'--i- = a( Cl'-- C1)-- F(q)Cl (1) where Cl indicates the chlorinity of sea-water into which the land-water drains, CI" is the one at the place far away from the influence of land-water, and a is the characteristic coefficient of diffusion. F(q) is the function of advective influence with flowing land-water q, for it would be indicated as the function of inflow from land. Thea an atternost was made to get the numerical value of a and the mathematical formula of F(q) in relation with a practical case--the chlorinity change during a period from January to April, 1959 at a station in the Owasi fishing ground, Mie Prefecture in Japan. Then, the following values were obtained for them: a=0.21 ; F(q)=kq"; k-=2'5 × 10-~, n = 1"777 (II) It was thus ascertained that the equation (I) and the namerical values of (II) indicate the change of chlorinity of the Owasi fishing ground (Fig. 1). Therefore, it may be possible to estimate the change in chlorinity of sea-water, if the land-water outflow is known. With the same method of analysis for other places it might be possible to known the chlorinity change for any quantity of outflow from land, and moreaver we might be able to predict the decrease in chlorinity of sea-water, before the freshwater-drainage increases on account of the hydraulic generation of electricity etc.
WEBB, E. K. and N. E. BACON 1962. A mechanical harmonic analyser. J. Scient. Instrument. 39(10): 500-503. An analogue instrument is described which operates by a wheel-on-disk principle. It is relatively simple in construction and is capable of evaluating several harmonic components in one operation.
WIESER, W. 1962. Adaptations of two intertidal isopods. 1. Respiration and feeding in Naesa bidentata (Adams) (Sphaeromatidae). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 42(3): 665-682. In freshly collected Naesa bidentata there exists a clear dependence of respiration rate, measured in sea water, on the tidal cycle, with the maximum occuring at high tide, the minimum at low tide. In specimens that had spent 1-2 days in the laboratory the tidal rhythmicity is less pronounced due to a lowering of the Q02-values at high tide and at the beginning of experiments. This is interpreted as reflecting differences in nutrition between freshly collected and laboratory specimens. Males have a lower Qoa than females of equal weight. Respiration in air corresponds to approximately one-half to two-thirds of the mean respiration rate in water and thus to somewhat less than the resting-Q0~ of animals measured in water. The dry weight of faeeal pellets increases in linear proportion with the weight of the animals. In females the turnover rate of the gut contents during periods of maximum feeding activity is approximately 30 rain.
703
amination of the long-term pattern of the rms error it is possible to determine some regularities in its variation and its bearing on the pattern of ice-formation in different areas of the ocean. The author also proposes certain recommendations for using the rms error to determine the number of years over which observations should be taken to obtain a gwen rms error of the arithmetic mean. (Author) WAKAMO, CH~TER L. and ROBERt C. FITZPATRICK 1962. Instrument for the measurement of hydrodynamic flow noise. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N.Y. 1 : 8-20. An experimental study of the generation of acoustic energy by fluid turbulence near an extended solid boundary was performed. For this study, a free-falling self-contained missile was conceived. Parameters affecting the design of the vehicle were stability, velocity, recovery of the vehicle, skin vibration or "Self noise" factor, and the effects of acceleration and deceleration on equipment performance. An inboard magnetic tape data recording system stores the acoustic signals for subsequent analysis. Detailed information on the depth-measurement circuitry, automatic recovery mechanism, Calibration procedure and check-out for a typical launching and recovery are presented.
WALDEN,ROBERT G. and DAVID H. FRANTZ, Jr. 1962. A long-range oceanographic telemetering system. Marine Sciences Instrumentation, Inst. Soc. Amer. Plenum Press, N. Y. 1 : 50-54. A low cost transponding buoy for medium frequency, long-range ocean telemetry has been developed at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and further refined commercially. Its use as a drift buoy has been previously described; more recently a series of propagation tests at 2.4 inc. and 7 inc. has been conducted out to a 1400 mile range, and temperature measurements have been transmitted on a regular schedule. The buoy, and associated receiving and recording equipment are described, as well as the necessary buoy control circuitry for certain typical problems in physical oceanography. WATANABE,N. 1962. On the fall of chlorinity of sea water due to the flowing of land water. Bull. Tokai Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 32: 123-130. It has been well-kngwn that the chlorinity of sea-water becomes lower when the land-water flows into an area or a bay. In order to estimate quantitatively the chlorinity decrease due to the overflow, the author tried to simplify the equation of continuity: dCl d'--i- = a( Cl'-- C1)-- F(q)Cl (1) where Cl indicates the chlorinity of sea-water into which the land-water drains, CI" is the one at the place far away from the influence of land-water, and a is the characteristic coefficient of diffusion. F(q) is the function of advective influence with flowing land-water q, for it would be indicated as the function of inflow from land. Thea an atternost was made to get the numerical value of a and the mathematical formula of F(q) in relation with a practical case--the chlorinity change during a period from January to April, 1959 at a station in the Owasi fishing ground, Mie Prefecture in Japan. Then, the following values were obtained for them: a=0.21 ; F(q)=kq"; k-=2'5 × 10-~, n = 1"777 (II) It was thus ascertained that the equation (I) and the namerical values of (II) indicate the change of chlorinity of the Owasi fishing ground (Fig. 1). Therefore, it may be possible to estimate the change in chlorinity of sea-water, if the land-water outflow is known. With the same method of analysis for other places it might be possible to known the chlorinity change for any quantity of outflow from land, and moreaver we might be able to predict the decrease in chlorinity of sea-water, before the freshwater-drainage increases on account of the hydraulic generation of electricity etc.
WEBB, E. K. and N. E. BACON 1962. A mechanical harmonic analyser. J. Scient. Instrument. 39(10): 500-503. An analogue instrument is described which operates by a wheel-on-disk principle. It is relatively simple in construction and is capable of evaluating several harmonic components in one operation.
WIESER, W. 1962. Adaptations of two intertidal isopods. 1. Respiration and feeding in Naesa bidentata (Adams) (Sphaeromatidae). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 42(3): 665-682. In freshly collected Naesa bidentata there exists a clear dependence of respiration rate, measured in sea water, on the tidal cycle, with the maximum occuring at high tide, the minimum at low tide. In specimens that had spent 1-2 days in the laboratory the tidal rhythmicity is less pronounced due to a lowering of the Q02-values at high tide and at the beginning of experiments. This is interpreted as reflecting differences in nutrition between freshly collected and laboratory specimens. Males have a lower Qoa than females of equal weight. Respiration in air corresponds to approximately one-half to two-thirds of the mean respiration rate in water and thus to somewhat less than the resting-Q0~ of animals measured in water. The dry weight of faeeal pellets increases in linear proportion with the weight of the animals. In females the turnover rate of the gut contents during periods of maximum feeding activity is approximately 30 rain.