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A method and apparatus for forming silicon carbide filaments
Needled fibrous resin article Ackley, R. H. (PPG Industries Inc) US Pat 3 664 909 (23 May 1972) Fibrous mats consist of unstranded filaments that are free to move relative to each other as well as in comBinations. These are resin impregnated and moulded into composites. High temperature cm-ing thermosetting decorative compositions
Kiel, R. H. and Kid, J. H. (OwensIllinois Inc) US Pat. 3 666 539 (30 May 1972) A. novel org.anic, thermosetting. . decorative compos~tmn w~th increased adhesion to glass and capable of being cured up to 2000°F without going brown or degrading is described. T h e resin consists of approximately stoichiometric proportmns of single carboxylic functional acrylic resin, a single hydroxy containing epoxy and an ambi-functional epoxy reactii/e silane to improve the adhesion permanency. Production of composites
fibre reinforced
resin
Morris, C. E. M. (ICI Ltd) US Pat. 3 666 711 (30 May 1972) T h e properties of glass fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde are improved by treating the glass fibre with a specified alcohol, k e t o n e , alkyl benzene' or o-aminoalkyl benzene prior to impregnation. This improves the wetting of the glass by the resin. These are particularly useful in reinforced foamed phenol-formaldehyde composites. Extruded refractory fibrous material
Teague, D. M. and Bertrand, W. F (Chrysler Corp) US Pat. 3 667 975 (6 June 1972) A refractor)' fibrous product colasists of refractory fibres coated with a lubricating layer of aluminium metahydroxide whereby the coated fibres form an injectionable and extrudable paste. Formation of high-streng~ high modulus coated filaments
Higgins, J. B. and Gatti, A. (General Electric Co) US Pat. 3 668 006 (6 ]u~ie 1972) A filament core of small diameter is heated to at least 900°C in the presence of hydrogen, methane and boron trichloride in fixed proportions to produce a strong stiff relatively large diameter filament which apart from the core consists of 21-30% of boron, essentially free from faults. It is oreferable to use a tungsten substrate of 0.001 in diameter heated to 900°C then 1200°C and in the presence of 0-605 -0.686 moles of hydrogen, 0-076-0.185 moles of methane, 0.210-0.238 moles of boron trichloride; after several minutes ilia: merits of 0.004=0.007 in diameter are achieved with properties approaching those of boron carbide.
282
COMPOSITES November 1972
Tungsten boride containing articles and products thereof
Mandineau, D. P. H. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Sup6rieure des Mines de Paris) US Pat. 3 668 017 At June 1972) ticles preferably of filamentary form containing essentially tungsten boride have improved mechanical properties when W,B5 constitutes at least 80% of the tungsten boride content, the composite being a tungsten boride core with a boron matrix, which is preferably amorphous. High modulus boron nitride fibres
Economy, J. and Lin, R. (The Carborundum Co) US Pat. 3668059 (6 June 1972) Boron oxide fibres of maximum diameter 10t~m are heated in ammonia to produce partially nitrided fibres consisting essentially of boron. nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen where the mtrogen content is 35-55%. These are heated in an inert atmosphere to at least 1800°C and the fibres tensioned longitudinally to stop shrinkage, preferably elongated. Resultant fibres are essentially pure boron nitride with relatively high Young's modulus, these are very suitable for reinforcing plastic, ceramic or metal matrices. Moulding masses for producing fibre reinforced plastic articles, methods of preparing such moulding masses and arfides produced therefrom
Jozephus, C. H. and Helmond, V. H. (NV Koninklijke) US Pat. 3 668 117 (6 June 1972) Moulding masses are obtained by adding to a thermosetting resin (polyester or epoxy) in the liquid state a particulate filler, asbestos or .quartz powder bundled together with reinforcing fibres (glass~ of diameter 0.1-0.2 , m and a length/diameter ratio of 100500. the particle size of the filler being 5-50~tm in direct proportion to the fibre length/diameter ratio. T h e mass is subjected to local kneading then part removal and recycling part of this material to avoid excessive temperature build-up during working This is continued until the mass density is 1.5 and 80% of the bundled fibres are pulled apart to individual fibres and are uniformly dispersed.
UK PA TENTS Blade for compressor and method of fabricating said blade
(United Aircraft Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 172 (6 A p t 1972) A blade for a compressor consists of many stacked layers of closely adjaEent parallel high modulus fibres, these layers varying in length and width to give the blade configuration the fibres being embedded in a metallic ma'trix which fills the voids among the fibres. Polyester reinforced rubber articles
Moring, P. L. E. and Dagle, G. M. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 216 (6 Apr 1972) A reinforced rubber composite consists of a polyester reinforced member
coated with a rubber matrix which contains a carbodiimide which prevents degradation of the polyester. Improvements in composite panels
Sampson, V. (United Plastics Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 244 (6 Apr 1972) A composite p a n e l consists of a core sandwiched between cladding, sheets. this is in three separate superimposed sections, the intermediate section being formed from sound insulating material, the two outer sections being secured to this material and are of cellular form each cell extends substantially across the thickness of the section each being filled With foamed plastics material. T h e intermediate layer may be glass fibre mat o r felt. These structural composites are used for doors, partitions, walls, etc. A method and apparatus for forming silicon carbide filaments
(Compagnie Fran~jais Thompson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt) UK Pat. 1 269 540 (6.4pr 1972) Silicon carbide filaments are formed by the ~yrolitic reaction of a gaseous organosflane in contact with a tungsten wire within a reaction zone as the wire is moved through. T h e temperature of the wire is held constant to within 30°C along its length throughout the reaction zone. Method of making thermal insulation
(Owen-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 960 (12 Apr 1972) Thermal insulation is made by reacting and drying a moulded aqueous slurry consisting of cementitious products and reinforcing fibres to yield hydrous calcium silicate. This product is heated at 500-700°F in an autoclave, the temperature being generated by saturated steam at 225-3501bf/in' followed by conversion to super heated steam. This ensures reaction completion and a reduction in the product moisture content. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibres from thermoplastic material for example glass, rock, slag or organic material
(Compagnie de Saint Gobain) UK Pat. 1 270 679 (12/Ipr 1972) Fibres of thermoplastic materials are produced when one stream of molten material is fed towards and" intercepted by rotating blades, each blade carrying along with it a proportion of the molten material which travels to the outer edge of the blade by centrifugal force and leaves the blade in the form of many filaments. These are attenuated into fibres the direction of feed being transverse to the plane in which the centrifugal force acts. Method and apparatus for making fibres
Glass, J. P. (Cava Industries) UK Pat. 1 271 291 (19 A#r 1972~ An apparatus is described for simultaneously growing many whiskers or fibres, it having a chamber in which fibrous crystals are condensed from a vapour stage of fibre or whisker form-
Kiel, R. H. and Kid, J. H. (OwensIllinois Inc) US Pat. 3 666 539 (30 May 1972) A. novel org.anic, thermosetting. . decorative compos~tmn w~th increased adhesion to glass and capable of being cured up to 2000°F without going brown or degrading is described. T h e resin consists of approximately stoichiometric proportmns of single carboxylic functional acrylic resin, a single hydroxy containing epoxy and an ambi-functional epoxy reactii/e silane to improve the adhesion permanency. Production of composites
fibre reinforced
resin
Morris, C. E. M. (ICI Ltd) US Pat. 3 666 711 (30 May 1972) T h e properties of glass fibre reinforced phenol-formaldehyde are improved by treating the glass fibre with a specified alcohol, k e t o n e , alkyl benzene' or o-aminoalkyl benzene prior to impregnation. This improves the wetting of the glass by the resin. These are particularly useful in reinforced foamed phenol-formaldehyde composites. Extruded refractory fibrous material
Teague, D. M. and Bertrand, W. F (Chrysler Corp) US Pat. 3 667 975 (6 June 1972) A refractor)' fibrous product colasists of refractory fibres coated with a lubricating layer of aluminium metahydroxide whereby the coated fibres form an injectionable and extrudable paste. Formation of high-streng~ high modulus coated filaments
Higgins, J. B. and Gatti, A. (General Electric Co) US Pat. 3 668 006 (6 ]u~ie 1972) A filament core of small diameter is heated to at least 900°C in the presence of hydrogen, methane and boron trichloride in fixed proportions to produce a strong stiff relatively large diameter filament which apart from the core consists of 21-30% of boron, essentially free from faults. It is oreferable to use a tungsten substrate of 0.001 in diameter heated to 900°C then 1200°C and in the presence of 0-605 -0.686 moles of hydrogen, 0-076-0.185 moles of methane, 0.210-0.238 moles of boron trichloride; after several minutes ilia: merits of 0.004=0.007 in diameter are achieved with properties approaching those of boron carbide.
282
COMPOSITES November 1972
Tungsten boride containing articles and products thereof
Mandineau, D. P. H. and Mourey, M. Y. C. (Ecole Nationale Sup6rieure des Mines de Paris) US Pat. 3 668 017 At June 1972) ticles preferably of filamentary form containing essentially tungsten boride have improved mechanical properties when W,B5 constitutes at least 80% of the tungsten boride content, the composite being a tungsten boride core with a boron matrix, which is preferably amorphous. High modulus boron nitride fibres
Economy, J. and Lin, R. (The Carborundum Co) US Pat. 3668059 (6 June 1972) Boron oxide fibres of maximum diameter 10t~m are heated in ammonia to produce partially nitrided fibres consisting essentially of boron. nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen where the mtrogen content is 35-55%. These are heated in an inert atmosphere to at least 1800°C and the fibres tensioned longitudinally to stop shrinkage, preferably elongated. Resultant fibres are essentially pure boron nitride with relatively high Young's modulus, these are very suitable for reinforcing plastic, ceramic or metal matrices. Moulding masses for producing fibre reinforced plastic articles, methods of preparing such moulding masses and arfides produced therefrom
Jozephus, C. H. and Helmond, V. H. (NV Koninklijke) US Pat. 3 668 117 (6 June 1972) Moulding masses are obtained by adding to a thermosetting resin (polyester or epoxy) in the liquid state a particulate filler, asbestos or .quartz powder bundled together with reinforcing fibres (glass~ of diameter 0.1-0.2 , m and a length/diameter ratio of 100500. the particle size of the filler being 5-50~tm in direct proportion to the fibre length/diameter ratio. T h e mass is subjected to local kneading then part removal and recycling part of this material to avoid excessive temperature build-up during working This is continued until the mass density is 1.5 and 80% of the bundled fibres are pulled apart to individual fibres and are uniformly dispersed.
UK PA TENTS Blade for compressor and method of fabricating said blade
(United Aircraft Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 172 (6 A p t 1972) A blade for a compressor consists of many stacked layers of closely adjaEent parallel high modulus fibres, these layers varying in length and width to give the blade configuration the fibres being embedded in a metallic ma'trix which fills the voids among the fibres. Polyester reinforced rubber articles
Moring, P. L. E. and Dagle, G. M. (Dunlop Holdings Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 216 (6 Apr 1972) A reinforced rubber composite consists of a polyester reinforced member
coated with a rubber matrix which contains a carbodiimide which prevents degradation of the polyester. Improvements in composite panels
Sampson, V. (United Plastics Ltd) UK Pat. 1 269 244 (6 Apr 1972) A composite p a n e l consists of a core sandwiched between cladding, sheets. this is in three separate superimposed sections, the intermediate section being formed from sound insulating material, the two outer sections being secured to this material and are of cellular form each cell extends substantially across the thickness of the section each being filled With foamed plastics material. T h e intermediate layer may be glass fibre mat o r felt. These structural composites are used for doors, partitions, walls, etc. A method and apparatus for forming silicon carbide filaments
(Compagnie Fran~jais Thompson Houston-Hotchkiss Brandt) UK Pat. 1 269 540 (6.4pr 1972) Silicon carbide filaments are formed by the ~yrolitic reaction of a gaseous organosflane in contact with a tungsten wire within a reaction zone as the wire is moved through. T h e temperature of the wire is held constant to within 30°C along its length throughout the reaction zone. Method of making thermal insulation
(Owen-Corning Fiberglas Corp) UK Pat. 1 269 960 (12 Apr 1972) Thermal insulation is made by reacting and drying a moulded aqueous slurry consisting of cementitious products and reinforcing fibres to yield hydrous calcium silicate. This product is heated at 500-700°F in an autoclave, the temperature being generated by saturated steam at 225-3501bf/in' followed by conversion to super heated steam. This ensures reaction completion and a reduction in the product moisture content. Method and apparatus for the manufacture of fibres from thermoplastic material for example glass, rock, slag or organic material
(Compagnie de Saint Gobain) UK Pat. 1 270 679 (12/Ipr 1972) Fibres of thermoplastic materials are produced when one stream of molten material is fed towards and" intercepted by rotating blades, each blade carrying along with it a proportion of the molten material which travels to the outer edge of the blade by centrifugal force and leaves the blade in the form of many filaments. These are attenuated into fibres the direction of feed being transverse to the plane in which the centrifugal force acts. Method and apparatus for making fibres
Glass, J. P. (Cava Industries) UK Pat. 1 271 291 (19 A#r 1972~ An apparatus is described for simultaneously growing many whiskers or fibres, it having a chamber in which fibrous crystals are condensed from a vapour stage of fibre or whisker form-