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A Mixed Lactobacillus Culture in the Diet of Broad Breasted Large White Turkey Hens1
A Mixed Lactobacillus Culture in the Diet of Broad Breasted Large White Turkey Hens1 B. L. DAMRON, H. R. WILSON, R. A. VOITLE, 2 and R. H. HARMS Department of Poultry Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 (Received for publication June 30, 1980)
1981 Poultry Science 60.1350-1351
INTRODUCTION A review b y T o r t u e r o ( 1 9 7 3 ) f o u n d t h e literature rather limited concerning studies of growth stimulation resulting from lactic bacteria feeding. In his w o r k with broilers and Leghorn chicks, a positive response similar to t h a t o b t a i n e d from zinc bacitracin in t h e feed, was d e m o n s t r a t e d from t h e inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus in t h e water. It should also be n o t e d t h a t this e x p e r i m e n t t o o k place in w h a t the a u t h o r referred t o as an " o l d " environment. A numerical i m p r o v e m e n t in b o d y weight and feed efficiency was f o u n d by Francis et al. ( 1 9 7 8 ) w h e n t u r k e y p o u l t s were fed a Lactobacillus culture. Coliform and total aerobe counts in t h e intestine were reduced by t h e feeding of Lactobacillus o r zinc bacitracin, with t h e reduction being s o m e w h a t greater in t h e Lactobacillus treatment. T h e p u r p o s e of t h e p r e s e n t e x p e r i m e n t s was t o study t h e p r o d u c t i v e and reproductive parameters of Broad Breasted Large White
' Florida Agricultural Experimental Station Journal Series No. 2418. 2 Present address: Poultry Department, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. 'Produced by Nulabs, Inc., 3930 SW Macadam Avenue, Portland, OR 97201.
T u r k e y hens fed diets containing Lactobacillus culture, Probios. 3
a
mixed
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Two e x p e r i m e n t s were c o n d u c t e d with Large White T u r k e y hens a p p r o x i m a t e l y 32 weeks of age. In E x p e r i m e n t 1, five replicate
TABLE 1. Composition of the basal diet Ingredients
(%)
Ground yellow corn Soybean meal (48.6% protein) Alfalfa leaf meal (20% protein) Ground limestone Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P; 24% Ca) Salt Microingredients a Ipropan"
67.83 20.00 2.50 6.66 2.00 .46 .50 .05
Supplies per kilogram of diet: 6600 IU vitamin A acetate, 2200 ICU vitamin D 3 , 11 IU vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB), 4.4 mg riboflavin, 13.2 mg pantothenic acid, 59.6 mg niacin, 998.8 mg choline chloride, 22 Mg vitamin B 1 2 , 110 Mg biotin, 125 mg ethoxyquin, 60 mg manganese, 50 mg iron, 6 mg copper, .198 mg cobalt, 1.1 mg iodine, 6 0 mg zinc. Contained 12.5% Ipronidazole. A product of Roche Chemical Division, Hoffman-LaRoche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.
1350
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at UCSF Library on June 13, 2015
ABSTRACT Two experiments, each of 112 days duration, were conducted with Broad Breasted Large White Turkey hens held in individual cages and floor pens. Dietary treatments were either a control diet or the control diet containing 625 mg/kg of a commercially prepared mixed Lactobacillus culture. Five replicate groups (five hens/group) of individually caged hens received each treatment in Experiment 1, while five floor pens (five hens/pen) and five groups of individually caged hens (five hens/group) were assigned to each diet of Experiment 2. Egg production, daily feed intake, body weight change, fertility, hatch of fertile eggs, and hatchability of all eggs set were measured in both experiments. Egg specific gravity data were collected in Experiment 2. The presence of Lactobacillus in the diet exhibited no beneficial response through any criterion measured. (Key words: Lactobacillus culture, turkey hens, Probios, cages, floor pens)
RESEARCH NOTE
1351
TABLE 2. Performance of Large White turkeys fed ai diet containing a dried lactobacillus culture Probios (mg/kg) Parameter
Hen-day egg production (%)D Daily feed (e/hen)b Fertility (%y° Hatchability of fertile eggs (%) Hatchability of all eggs set (%) Specific gravity0 Body weight change (kg)c
0
625
43.8 212 73.8 58.5 45.6 1.079 -1.34
±2.5» ± 5.8 ±2.3 ±2.4 ±2.4 ± .0011 ± .29
44.2 212 71.6 58.6 45.1 1.079 -1.50
±2.8 ±4.1 ± 1.6 ± 2.1 ±2.1 ± .0011 + .44
groups (five individually caged hens per replicate) received each dietary treatment, while in the second experiment five floor pens (five hens/pen) and five groups of individually caged hens (five hens/group) were assigned to like dietary regimens. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (Table 1) and the control feed supplemented with 625 mg/kg of Probios. Each experiment was 112 days with data for egg production, feed consumption, fertility, and hatchability summarized at 28-day intervals. Hens were inseminated weekly with pooled semen and all settable eggs incubated biweekly. In Experiment 2, egg specific gravity data were collected from a 3-day egg sample taken from each pen or group at the end of each 28-day period. Change in body weight over the experimental period was measured in Experiment 2 by individually weighing hens at the start and end of the test. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and natural lighting was supplemented with artificial light in the morning and afternoon to provide a 14-hr light day. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance through the Statistical Analysis System procedures developed for the computer at North Carolina State University (Barr et ah, 1976).
RESULTS Since the interactions of housing and treatment or experiment and treatment were not statistically significant, the data have been combined in Table 2. Inclusion of 625 mg/kg of Probios in the diet of turkey hens did not significantly affect egg production, daily feed intake, specific gravity of eggs, or body weight change. Probios was not beneficial in terms of any of the measured hatchability parameters. Under the conditions of these experiments, the addition of dried Lactobacillus culture to the diet of turkey hens did not influence performance.
REFERENCES Barr, A. J., J. H. Goodnight, J. P. Sail, and J. T. Helwig, 1976. A user's guide to SAS 76. SAS Institute, Inc., P.O. Box 10066, Raleigh, NC 27605. Francis, C, D. M Janky, A. S. Arafa, and R. H. Harms, 1978. Interrelationship of Lactobacillus and zinc bacitracin in the diets of turkey poults. Poultry ScL 57:1687-1689.' Tortuero, F., 1973. Influence of the Lactobacillus Acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora. Poultry Sci. 52:197—203.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at UCSF Library on June 13, 2015
values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Each mean represents 15 groups (5 hens/group). c Each mean represents 10 groups (5 hens/group) from only Experiment 2.
1981 Poultry Science 60.1350-1351
INTRODUCTION A review b y T o r t u e r o ( 1 9 7 3 ) f o u n d t h e literature rather limited concerning studies of growth stimulation resulting from lactic bacteria feeding. In his w o r k with broilers and Leghorn chicks, a positive response similar to t h a t o b t a i n e d from zinc bacitracin in t h e feed, was d e m o n s t r a t e d from t h e inclusion of Lactobacillus acidophilus in t h e water. It should also be n o t e d t h a t this e x p e r i m e n t t o o k place in w h a t the a u t h o r referred t o as an " o l d " environment. A numerical i m p r o v e m e n t in b o d y weight and feed efficiency was f o u n d by Francis et al. ( 1 9 7 8 ) w h e n t u r k e y p o u l t s were fed a Lactobacillus culture. Coliform and total aerobe counts in t h e intestine were reduced by t h e feeding of Lactobacillus o r zinc bacitracin, with t h e reduction being s o m e w h a t greater in t h e Lactobacillus treatment. T h e p u r p o s e of t h e p r e s e n t e x p e r i m e n t s was t o study t h e p r o d u c t i v e and reproductive parameters of Broad Breasted Large White
' Florida Agricultural Experimental Station Journal Series No. 2418. 2 Present address: Poultry Department, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407. 'Produced by Nulabs, Inc., 3930 SW Macadam Avenue, Portland, OR 97201.
T u r k e y hens fed diets containing Lactobacillus culture, Probios. 3
a
mixed
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Two e x p e r i m e n t s were c o n d u c t e d with Large White T u r k e y hens a p p r o x i m a t e l y 32 weeks of age. In E x p e r i m e n t 1, five replicate
TABLE 1. Composition of the basal diet Ingredients
(%)
Ground yellow corn Soybean meal (48.6% protein) Alfalfa leaf meal (20% protein) Ground limestone Dicalcium phosphate (18.5% P; 24% Ca) Salt Microingredients a Ipropan"
67.83 20.00 2.50 6.66 2.00 .46 .50 .05
Supplies per kilogram of diet: 6600 IU vitamin A acetate, 2200 ICU vitamin D 3 , 11 IU vitamin E (dl-alpha tocopheryl acetate), 2.2 mg menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB), 4.4 mg riboflavin, 13.2 mg pantothenic acid, 59.6 mg niacin, 998.8 mg choline chloride, 22 Mg vitamin B 1 2 , 110 Mg biotin, 125 mg ethoxyquin, 60 mg manganese, 50 mg iron, 6 mg copper, .198 mg cobalt, 1.1 mg iodine, 6 0 mg zinc. Contained 12.5% Ipronidazole. A product of Roche Chemical Division, Hoffman-LaRoche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.
1350
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at UCSF Library on June 13, 2015
ABSTRACT Two experiments, each of 112 days duration, were conducted with Broad Breasted Large White Turkey hens held in individual cages and floor pens. Dietary treatments were either a control diet or the control diet containing 625 mg/kg of a commercially prepared mixed Lactobacillus culture. Five replicate groups (five hens/group) of individually caged hens received each treatment in Experiment 1, while five floor pens (five hens/pen) and five groups of individually caged hens (five hens/group) were assigned to each diet of Experiment 2. Egg production, daily feed intake, body weight change, fertility, hatch of fertile eggs, and hatchability of all eggs set were measured in both experiments. Egg specific gravity data were collected in Experiment 2. The presence of Lactobacillus in the diet exhibited no beneficial response through any criterion measured. (Key words: Lactobacillus culture, turkey hens, Probios, cages, floor pens)
RESEARCH NOTE
1351
TABLE 2. Performance of Large White turkeys fed ai diet containing a dried lactobacillus culture Probios (mg/kg) Parameter
Hen-day egg production (%)D Daily feed (e/hen)b Fertility (%y° Hatchability of fertile eggs (%) Hatchability of all eggs set (%) Specific gravity0 Body weight change (kg)c
0
625
43.8 212 73.8 58.5 45.6 1.079 -1.34
±2.5» ± 5.8 ±2.3 ±2.4 ±2.4 ± .0011 ± .29
44.2 212 71.6 58.6 45.1 1.079 -1.50
±2.8 ±4.1 ± 1.6 ± 2.1 ±2.1 ± .0011 + .44
groups (five individually caged hens per replicate) received each dietary treatment, while in the second experiment five floor pens (five hens/pen) and five groups of individually caged hens (five hens/group) were assigned to like dietary regimens. Dietary treatments consisted of a control diet (Table 1) and the control feed supplemented with 625 mg/kg of Probios. Each experiment was 112 days with data for egg production, feed consumption, fertility, and hatchability summarized at 28-day intervals. Hens were inseminated weekly with pooled semen and all settable eggs incubated biweekly. In Experiment 2, egg specific gravity data were collected from a 3-day egg sample taken from each pen or group at the end of each 28-day period. Change in body weight over the experimental period was measured in Experiment 2 by individually weighing hens at the start and end of the test. Feed and water were provided ad libitum, and natural lighting was supplemented with artificial light in the morning and afternoon to provide a 14-hr light day. Data were subjected to an analysis of variance through the Statistical Analysis System procedures developed for the computer at North Carolina State University (Barr et ah, 1976).
RESULTS Since the interactions of housing and treatment or experiment and treatment were not statistically significant, the data have been combined in Table 2. Inclusion of 625 mg/kg of Probios in the diet of turkey hens did not significantly affect egg production, daily feed intake, specific gravity of eggs, or body weight change. Probios was not beneficial in terms of any of the measured hatchability parameters. Under the conditions of these experiments, the addition of dried Lactobacillus culture to the diet of turkey hens did not influence performance.
REFERENCES Barr, A. J., J. H. Goodnight, J. P. Sail, and J. T. Helwig, 1976. A user's guide to SAS 76. SAS Institute, Inc., P.O. Box 10066, Raleigh, NC 27605. Francis, C, D. M Janky, A. S. Arafa, and R. H. Harms, 1978. Interrelationship of Lactobacillus and zinc bacitracin in the diets of turkey poults. Poultry ScL 57:1687-1689.' Tortuero, F., 1973. Influence of the Lactobacillus Acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora. Poultry Sci. 52:197—203.
Downloaded from http://ps.oxfordjournals.org/ at UCSF Library on June 13, 2015
values are expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean. Each mean represents 15 groups (5 hens/group). c Each mean represents 10 groups (5 hens/group) from only Experiment 2.