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A modification of the sandmeyer synthesis of nitriles
Jan., 1925.]
EASTMANKODAK COMPANY NOTES.
III
necessary to effect absorption of 8o per cent. of the theoretical amount of hydrogen sulphide. Possibly the catalyst acts by inducing the formation of an active modification of acetic anhydride. Acetyl chloride alone, or acetic anhydride alone, does not react with hydrogen sulphide. A MODIFICATION
OF T H E S A N D M E Y E R OF NITRILES/
SYNTHESIS
By H. T. Clarke and R. R. Read.
TI-IE ordinary Sandmeyer method of replacing aromatic amino groups by the nitrile radical is modified so as to avoid the formation of cyanogen or hydrocyanic acid. Instead of using acid solutions, the diazonium chloride solution is first neutralized with sodium carbonate, and is then added to a cold solution of euprocyanide. The latter is prepared by adding sodium cyanide to cuprous chloride suspended in water. The yields of nitrile by this modified procedure are equal to those using the original Sandmeyer method. Accurate Determinations of the Speed of Sound in Sea Water. E. A. ]~CKHARDT. (Phys. Rev., Oct., I924.)--On November I, 1923, simultaneous radio signals and explosion waves in water were sent out by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey vessel, Guide. Three and one-half pounds of T N T were exploded by the operation of a switch that in addition produced the radio signal. " It had been previously demonstrated by experiment that with the arrangement used the closing of the circuit, the detonation of the bomb, and the transmission of the radio signal are simultaneous to within .o31 second." The position of the bomb was fixed with great care by surveying parties at two lighthouses about five miles from the ship. The wave of explosion traveUed through water from 9o to 12o feet in depth over a distance of about sixty-one miles, 32I,OOO feet, to the receiving hydrophones. " The reception and recording of the signals were accomplished by the Subaqueous Sound~ranging Section of the Coast Artillery Corps at Fort H. G. Wright." " T h e time interval was of the order of 6o seconds and was measurable to the nearest .ooi second. The end points of this distance were located on the map to within six feet." One interesting feature of the series of observations is that they were all taken in a single afternoon. Three bombs were set off. Two hydrophones received, the wave from the first, but four recorded the second and the third detonations. The speeds derived 8Communication No. 199 from the Research Laboratories of the Eastman Kodak Companyand published in J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 46: ioot, 1924.
EASTMANKODAK COMPANY NOTES.
III
necessary to effect absorption of 8o per cent. of the theoretical amount of hydrogen sulphide. Possibly the catalyst acts by inducing the formation of an active modification of acetic anhydride. Acetyl chloride alone, or acetic anhydride alone, does not react with hydrogen sulphide. A MODIFICATION
OF T H E S A N D M E Y E R OF NITRILES/
SYNTHESIS
By H. T. Clarke and R. R. Read.
TI-IE ordinary Sandmeyer method of replacing aromatic amino groups by the nitrile radical is modified so as to avoid the formation of cyanogen or hydrocyanic acid. Instead of using acid solutions, the diazonium chloride solution is first neutralized with sodium carbonate, and is then added to a cold solution of euprocyanide. The latter is prepared by adding sodium cyanide to cuprous chloride suspended in water. The yields of nitrile by this modified procedure are equal to those using the original Sandmeyer method. Accurate Determinations of the Speed of Sound in Sea Water. E. A. ]~CKHARDT. (Phys. Rev., Oct., I924.)--On November I, 1923, simultaneous radio signals and explosion waves in water were sent out by the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey vessel, Guide. Three and one-half pounds of T N T were exploded by the operation of a switch that in addition produced the radio signal. " It had been previously demonstrated by experiment that with the arrangement used the closing of the circuit, the detonation of the bomb, and the transmission of the radio signal are simultaneous to within .o31 second." The position of the bomb was fixed with great care by surveying parties at two lighthouses about five miles from the ship. The wave of explosion traveUed through water from 9o to 12o feet in depth over a distance of about sixty-one miles, 32I,OOO feet, to the receiving hydrophones. " The reception and recording of the signals were accomplished by the Subaqueous Sound~ranging Section of the Coast Artillery Corps at Fort H. G. Wright." " T h e time interval was of the order of 6o seconds and was measurable to the nearest .ooi second. The end points of this distance were located on the map to within six feet." One interesting feature of the series of observations is that they were all taken in a single afternoon. Three bombs were set off. Two hydrophones received, the wave from the first, but four recorded the second and the third detonations. The speeds derived 8Communication No. 199 from the Research Laboratories of the Eastman Kodak Companyand published in J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 46: ioot, 1924.