- Email: [email protected]
A New Adhesive Tape Remover of Particular Value in Patch in Patch Testing1
A NEW ADHESIVE TAPE REMOVER OF PARTICULAR VALUE IN PATCH TESTING' ARTHUR W. GLICK, M.D., GUSTAV WHIsSBERG, M.D., AND SAMUEL M. PECK, M.D.
In patch testing it is important that the adhesive tape plaster has good sticking qualities. Unfortunately however, the better the tackiness of the adhesive, the more marked is the traumatic reaction of removal. We would like to report our experiences with an adhesive tape remover which we believe has obviated this reaction to a great extent. Propylene glycol ethyl ether was used as the adhesive tape remover. It has the advantage of being non-inflammable and non-toxic.' The remover was used in a series of tests in which over 300 patches were applied to more
than 50 patients. Three different types of adhesives were used in the experiments: 1) the adhesive in which there had been incorporated fatty acid salts, (special adhesive(l, 2)); 2) hospital adhesive routinely available; and 3) the specially prepared patche8 which are widely used. The patches were allowed to remain on for 48 hours in two comparative series. In one series, the adhesive was removed with the solvent and in the other they were just pulled off the skin. Observations were made immediately after the removal and one half and 24 hours later. RESULTS
The special adhesive remained on the skin in 95% of the patients; the hospital adhesive remained on the skin in 90% but there was some curling at the edges and wrinkling in the center. The prepared patches fell off in more than 30% of the patients. Because of its marked tackiness, the special fatty-acid containing adhesive usually gave a well-defined reaction of removal. When the solvent was used to remove this adhesive, the percentage of patients showing reactions dropped perceptibly so that at the end of 24 hours, a little over 10% of the patients still showed some erythema (usually follicular). Because of its poor sticking qualities, the reaction of removal with the specially prepared patches could not be evaluated. The reaction of removal was also decreased when the solvent was used to remove the hospital adhesive. At the end of 24 hours, 25% still showed various degrees of reaction; in fact in some instances, the reaction had increased in intensity. In the latter cases we were probably dealing with a true reaction of irritation. CONCLUSIONS
The use of propylene glycol ethyl ether is a practical aid in carrying out patch tests. It renders the removal of adhesives relatively painless and, most important, it reduces the traumatic reaction of removal to a very large extent. REFERENCES 1. HTJMPHRIES, R. E.: New factors in adhesive formulas which lessen irritation. J. Invest. Dermat., 9:219, 1947. 2. PECK, SAMUEL M., ROSENFELD, HERBERT, LI, K. K,, AND GLICK, ARTHUR: The mecha-
nism of adhesive plaster irritation. J. Invest. Dermat., 10: (May) 1948. 1 From the Department of Dermatology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York. Received for publication April 1, 1948.
2 According to Dr. A. G. Cranch of the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, the LDSO would be in excess of 5 ml. per kilo body weight for guinea pigs. 399
THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
94
linolenic acid extract. Arch. This pdf is a scanned copy UV of irradiated a printed document.
24. Wynn, C. H. and Iqbal, M.: Isolation of rat
skin lysosomes and a comparison with liver Path., 80: 91, 1965. and spleen lysosomes. Biochem. J., 98: lOP, 37. Nicolaides, N.: Lipids, membranes, and the 1966.
human epidermis, p. 511, The Epidermis
Eds., Montagna, W. and Lobitz, W. C. Acascopic localization of acid phosphatase in demic Press, New York. human epidermis. J. Invest. Derm., 46: 431, 38. Wills, E. D. and Wilkinson, A. E.: Release of 1966. enzymes from lysosomes by irradiation and 26. Rowden, C.: Ultrastructural studies of kerathe relation of lipid peroxide formation to tinized epithelia of the mouse. I. Combined enzyme release. Biochem. J., 99: 657, 1966. electron microscope and cytochemical study 39. Lane, N. I. and Novikoff, A. B.: Effects of of lysosomes in mouse epidermis and esoarginine deprivation, ultraviolet radiation and X-radiation on cultured KB cells. J. phageal epithelium. J. Invest. Derm., 49: 181, 25. Olson, R. L. and Nordquist, R. E.: Ultramicro-
No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy.
Users should refer to the original published dermal cells. Nature, 216: 1031, 1967. version of1965. the material. vest. Derm., 45: 448, 28. Hall, J. H., Smith, J. G., Jr. and Burnett, S. 41. Daniels, F., Jr. and Johnson, B. E.: In prepa1967.
Cell Biol., 27: 603, 1965.
27. Prose, P. H., Sedlis, E. and Bigelow, M.: The 40. Fukuyama, K., Epstein, W. L. and Epstein, demonstration of lysosomes in the diseased J. H.: Effect of ultraviolet light on RNA skin of infants with infantile eczema. J. Inand protein synthesis in differentiated epi-
C.: The lysosome in contact dermatitis: A ration. histochemical study. J. Invest. Derm., 49: 42. Ito, M.: Histochemical investigations of Unna's oxygen and reduction areas by means of 590, 1967. 29. Pearse, A. C. E.: p. 882, Histochemistry Theoultraviolet irradiation, Studies on Melanin, retical and Applied, 2nd ed., Churchill, London, 1960.
30. Pearse, A. C. E.: p. 910, Histacheini.stry Thearetscal and Applied, 2nd ed., Churchill, London, 1960.
31. Daniels, F., Jr., Brophy, D. and Lobitz, W. C.: Histochemical responses of human skin fol-
lowing ultraviolet irradiation. J. Invest. Derm.,37: 351, 1961.
32. Bitensky, L.: The demonstration of lysosomes by the controlled temperature freezing section method. Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 103: 205, 1952.
33. Diengdoh, J. V.: The demonstration of lysosomes in mouse skin. Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 105: 73, 1964.
34. Jarret, A., Spearman, R. I. C. and Hardy, J. A.:
Tohoku, J. Exp. Med., 65: Supplement V, 10, 1957.
43. Bitcnsky, L.: Lysosomes in normal and pathological cells, pp. 362—375, Lysasames Eds., de Reuck, A. V. S. and Cameron, M. Churchill, London, 1953.
44. Janoff, A. and Zweifach, B. W.: Production of inflammatory changes in the microcirculation by cationic proteins extracted from lysosomes. J. Exp. Med., 120: 747, 1964.
45. Herion, J. C., Spitznagel, J. K., Walker, R. I. and Zeya, H. I.: Pyrogenicity of granulocyte lysosomes. Amer. J. Physiol., 211: 693, 1966.
46. Baden, H. P. and Pearlman, C.: The effect of ultraviolet light on protein and nucleic acid synthesis in the epidermis. J. Invest. Derm.,
Histochemistry of keratinization. Brit. J. 43: 71, 1964. Derm., 71: 277, 1959. 35. De Duve, C. and Wattiaux, R.: Functions of 47. Bullough, W. S. and Laurence, E. B.: Mitotic control by internal secretion: the role of lysosomes. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 28: 435, 1966. the chalone-adrenalin complex. Exp. Cell. 36. Waravdekar, V. S., Saclaw, L. D., Jones, W. A. and Kuhns, J. C.: Skin changes induced by
Res., 33: 176, 1964.
In patch testing it is important that the adhesive tape plaster has good sticking qualities. Unfortunately however, the better the tackiness of the adhesive, the more marked is the traumatic reaction of removal. We would like to report our experiences with an adhesive tape remover which we believe has obviated this reaction to a great extent. Propylene glycol ethyl ether was used as the adhesive tape remover. It has the advantage of being non-inflammable and non-toxic.' The remover was used in a series of tests in which over 300 patches were applied to more
than 50 patients. Three different types of adhesives were used in the experiments: 1) the adhesive in which there had been incorporated fatty acid salts, (special adhesive(l, 2)); 2) hospital adhesive routinely available; and 3) the specially prepared patche8 which are widely used. The patches were allowed to remain on for 48 hours in two comparative series. In one series, the adhesive was removed with the solvent and in the other they were just pulled off the skin. Observations were made immediately after the removal and one half and 24 hours later. RESULTS
The special adhesive remained on the skin in 95% of the patients; the hospital adhesive remained on the skin in 90% but there was some curling at the edges and wrinkling in the center. The prepared patches fell off in more than 30% of the patients. Because of its marked tackiness, the special fatty-acid containing adhesive usually gave a well-defined reaction of removal. When the solvent was used to remove this adhesive, the percentage of patients showing reactions dropped perceptibly so that at the end of 24 hours, a little over 10% of the patients still showed some erythema (usually follicular). Because of its poor sticking qualities, the reaction of removal with the specially prepared patches could not be evaluated. The reaction of removal was also decreased when the solvent was used to remove the hospital adhesive. At the end of 24 hours, 25% still showed various degrees of reaction; in fact in some instances, the reaction had increased in intensity. In the latter cases we were probably dealing with a true reaction of irritation. CONCLUSIONS
The use of propylene glycol ethyl ether is a practical aid in carrying out patch tests. It renders the removal of adhesives relatively painless and, most important, it reduces the traumatic reaction of removal to a very large extent. REFERENCES 1. HTJMPHRIES, R. E.: New factors in adhesive formulas which lessen irritation. J. Invest. Dermat., 9:219, 1947. 2. PECK, SAMUEL M., ROSENFELD, HERBERT, LI, K. K,, AND GLICK, ARTHUR: The mecha-
nism of adhesive plaster irritation. J. Invest. Dermat., 10: (May) 1948. 1 From the Department of Dermatology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York. Received for publication April 1, 1948.
2 According to Dr. A. G. Cranch of the Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, the LDSO would be in excess of 5 ml. per kilo body weight for guinea pigs. 399
THE JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
94
linolenic acid extract. Arch. This pdf is a scanned copy UV of irradiated a printed document.
24. Wynn, C. H. and Iqbal, M.: Isolation of rat
skin lysosomes and a comparison with liver Path., 80: 91, 1965. and spleen lysosomes. Biochem. J., 98: lOP, 37. Nicolaides, N.: Lipids, membranes, and the 1966.
human epidermis, p. 511, The Epidermis
Eds., Montagna, W. and Lobitz, W. C. Acascopic localization of acid phosphatase in demic Press, New York. human epidermis. J. Invest. Derm., 46: 431, 38. Wills, E. D. and Wilkinson, A. E.: Release of 1966. enzymes from lysosomes by irradiation and 26. Rowden, C.: Ultrastructural studies of kerathe relation of lipid peroxide formation to tinized epithelia of the mouse. I. Combined enzyme release. Biochem. J., 99: 657, 1966. electron microscope and cytochemical study 39. Lane, N. I. and Novikoff, A. B.: Effects of of lysosomes in mouse epidermis and esoarginine deprivation, ultraviolet radiation and X-radiation on cultured KB cells. J. phageal epithelium. J. Invest. Derm., 49: 181, 25. Olson, R. L. and Nordquist, R. E.: Ultramicro-
No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy.
Users should refer to the original published dermal cells. Nature, 216: 1031, 1967. version of1965. the material. vest. Derm., 45: 448, 28. Hall, J. H., Smith, J. G., Jr. and Burnett, S. 41. Daniels, F., Jr. and Johnson, B. E.: In prepa1967.
Cell Biol., 27: 603, 1965.
27. Prose, P. H., Sedlis, E. and Bigelow, M.: The 40. Fukuyama, K., Epstein, W. L. and Epstein, demonstration of lysosomes in the diseased J. H.: Effect of ultraviolet light on RNA skin of infants with infantile eczema. J. Inand protein synthesis in differentiated epi-
C.: The lysosome in contact dermatitis: A ration. histochemical study. J. Invest. Derm., 49: 42. Ito, M.: Histochemical investigations of Unna's oxygen and reduction areas by means of 590, 1967. 29. Pearse, A. C. E.: p. 882, Histochemistry Theoultraviolet irradiation, Studies on Melanin, retical and Applied, 2nd ed., Churchill, London, 1960.
30. Pearse, A. C. E.: p. 910, Histacheini.stry Thearetscal and Applied, 2nd ed., Churchill, London, 1960.
31. Daniels, F., Jr., Brophy, D. and Lobitz, W. C.: Histochemical responses of human skin fol-
lowing ultraviolet irradiation. J. Invest. Derm.,37: 351, 1961.
32. Bitensky, L.: The demonstration of lysosomes by the controlled temperature freezing section method. Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 103: 205, 1952.
33. Diengdoh, J. V.: The demonstration of lysosomes in mouse skin. Quart. J. Micr. Sci., 105: 73, 1964.
34. Jarret, A., Spearman, R. I. C. and Hardy, J. A.:
Tohoku, J. Exp. Med., 65: Supplement V, 10, 1957.
43. Bitcnsky, L.: Lysosomes in normal and pathological cells, pp. 362—375, Lysasames Eds., de Reuck, A. V. S. and Cameron, M. Churchill, London, 1953.
44. Janoff, A. and Zweifach, B. W.: Production of inflammatory changes in the microcirculation by cationic proteins extracted from lysosomes. J. Exp. Med., 120: 747, 1964.
45. Herion, J. C., Spitznagel, J. K., Walker, R. I. and Zeya, H. I.: Pyrogenicity of granulocyte lysosomes. Amer. J. Physiol., 211: 693, 1966.
46. Baden, H. P. and Pearlman, C.: The effect of ultraviolet light on protein and nucleic acid synthesis in the epidermis. J. Invest. Derm.,
Histochemistry of keratinization. Brit. J. 43: 71, 1964. Derm., 71: 277, 1959. 35. De Duve, C. and Wattiaux, R.: Functions of 47. Bullough, W. S. and Laurence, E. B.: Mitotic control by internal secretion: the role of lysosomes. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 28: 435, 1966. the chalone-adrenalin complex. Exp. Cell. 36. Waravdekar, V. S., Saclaw, L. D., Jones, W. A. and Kuhns, J. C.: Skin changes induced by
Res., 33: 176, 1964.