- Email: [email protected]
A New Method for Permeability Measurement of Hydrophobic Membranes used in Membrane Distillation
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 1221 – 1222
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±& WREHVFDQQHGFRQWLQXRXVO\EXW DOVR DYRLGLQJ WLPH UHVSRQVH RI WKH V\VWHP DV REVHUYHG LQ YDU\LQJ SHUPHDWH SUHVVXUH ([SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVDFKLHYHGZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGWRSURYHWKHIHDVLELOLW\RIWKLVQHZPHWKRG ,QFDVHRI90'LWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKH³WHPSHUDWXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG´LVPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJ WKDQWKH³SUHVVXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG´RZLQJWRLWVVWDELOLW\LWVUDSLGLW\DVZHOODVLWVVLPSOLFLW\LQ RQHKDQGDQGRZLQJWRD ODUJHUUDQJHRI Δ3+2 FDQEHVFDQQHG LQWKHRWKHUKDQG,QRUGHUWR VXPPDULVHDFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRPHWKRGVLVJLYHQLQWKH7DEOH 3UHVVXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG
7HPSHUDWXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG
,QWHUPLWWHQWRSHUDWLRQ
&RQWLQXRXVRSHUDWLRQ
,QVWDEOH ± XQFHUWDLQ DQG WLPHFRQVXPLQJ
+LJKHUVWDELOLW\±VLPSOLFLW\DQG WLPHVDYLQJ
1877-7058 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.732
1222
T.D. Dao et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 1221 – 1222
6PDOOUDQJHRIΔ3+2
/DUJHUUDQJHRIΔ3+2
5HIHUHQFHV 06(O%RXUDZL ='LQJ 50D 0.KD\HW $ IUDPHZRUN IRU EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ PHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQVHSDUDWLRQSURFHVV-RXUQDORI0HPEUDQH6FLHQFH ':LUWK &&DEDVVXG :DWHU GHVDOLQDWLRQ XVLQJ PHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQ D FRPSDULVRQ EHWZHHQ LQVLGHRXWDQGRXWVLGHLQSHUPHDWLRQ'HVDOLQDWLRQ ± -,0HQJXDO03*RGLQR+HDWDQGPDVWUDQVIHULQYDFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI+HDWDQGPDVVWUDQVIHU ± -30HULFT6/DERULH&&DEDVVXG9DFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQRIVHDZDWHUUHYHUVH RVPRVLVEULQHV:DWHU5HVHDUFK -30HULFT6/DERULH&&DEDVVXG(YDOXDWLRQRIV\VWHPVFRXSOLQJYDFXXPPHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQDQGVRODUHQHUJ\IRUVHDZDWHUGHVDOLQDWLRQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ-RXUQDO .H\ZRUGV 9DFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQ3HUPHDELOLW\PHDVXUHPHQW+\GURSKRELFPHPEUDQH .QXGVHQPHFKDQLVP
Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 1221 – 1222
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±& WREHVFDQQHGFRQWLQXRXVO\EXW DOVR DYRLGLQJ WLPH UHVSRQVH RI WKH V\VWHP DV REVHUYHG LQ YDU\LQJ SHUPHDWH SUHVVXUH ([SHULPHQWDOUHVXOWVDFKLHYHGZLOOEHSUHVHQWHGWRSURYHWKHIHDVLELOLW\RIWKLVQHZPHWKRG ,QFDVHRI90'LWFDQEHFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKH³WHPSHUDWXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG´LVPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJ WKDQWKH³SUHVVXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG´RZLQJWRLWVVWDELOLW\LWVUDSLGLW\DVZHOODVLWVVLPSOLFLW\LQ RQHKDQGDQGRZLQJWRD ODUJHUUDQJHRI Δ3+2 FDQEHVFDQQHG LQWKHRWKHUKDQG,QRUGHUWR VXPPDULVHDFRPSDULVRQEHWZHHQWKHWZRPHWKRGVLVJLYHQLQWKH7DEOH 3UHVVXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG
7HPSHUDWXUHYDULDWLRQPHWKRG
,QWHUPLWWHQWRSHUDWLRQ
&RQWLQXRXVRSHUDWLRQ
,QVWDEOH ± XQFHUWDLQ DQG WLPHFRQVXPLQJ
+LJKHUVWDELOLW\±VLPSOLFLW\DQG WLPHVDYLQJ
1877-7058 © 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.732
1222
T.D. Dao et al. / Procedia Engineering 44 (2012) 1221 – 1222
6PDOOUDQJHRIΔ3+2
/DUJHUUDQJHRIΔ3+2
5HIHUHQFHV 06(O%RXUDZL ='LQJ 50D 0.KD\HW $ IUDPHZRUN IRU EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ PHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQVHSDUDWLRQSURFHVV-RXUQDORI0HPEUDQH6FLHQFH ':LUWK &&DEDVVXG :DWHU GHVDOLQDWLRQ XVLQJ PHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQ D FRPSDULVRQ EHWZHHQ LQVLGHRXWDQGRXWVLGHLQSHUPHDWLRQ'HVDOLQDWLRQ ± -,0HQJXDO03*RGLQR+HDWDQGPDVWUDQVIHULQYDFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQLQWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDORI+HDWDQGPDVVWUDQVIHU ± -30HULFT6/DERULH&&DEDVVXG9DFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQRIVHDZDWHUUHYHUVH RVPRVLVEULQHV:DWHU5HVHDUFK -30HULFT6/DERULH&&DEDVVXG(YDOXDWLRQRIV\VWHPVFRXSOLQJYDFXXPPHPEUDQH GLVWLOODWLRQDQGVRODUHQHUJ\IRUVHDZDWHUGHVDOLQDWLRQ&KHPLFDO(QJLQHHULQJ-RXUQDO .H\ZRUGV 9DFXXPPHPEUDQHGLVWLOODWLRQ3HUPHDELOLW\PHDVXUHPHQW+\GURSKRELFPHPEUDQH .QXGVHQPHFKDQLVP