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A new mode of paving proposed
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TIIE F R A N K L I N J O U R . N A 5
AND
the proportions about one part of acid to six of water. The saw. late was theu placed in a common queens-ware dish, sufficiently rge to contain it withiu the rim, and the acid and water were poured into it, so as just to cover the saw-plate; m about half an l/our it was taken out, washed in clean water, and the wax scraped oft; the lines having been bitten in to a sufficient depth to cause the plate to break with great ease. Some pieces which were left in too Ion,,, were' ea t'e l l quite through, and the edges rendered rough and indented by the action of the acid. At the ends of the plates, where holes were wanted, the wax was removed on each side; it was fontal necessary, sometimes, to insert these ends in the fluid, longer than the time allowed tbr the actio~l on the lines; this, however, depends upon the thickness of the plate. Circular saws may be readily made in this way, and their centres perforated to any size. Square or round holes may be made through a plate of one-fimrth of an inch in thickness without the slizhtest difficulty. To eflbct this, after covering the part with wax, an~i scratch. ing through it, in the way directed, a wall, or batik, of wax is to be placed rohnd it, so as t o form a cup, into which the liquid may be poured: this operation must be repeated on the opposite side, and when the lines arc bitten to a good depth, the piece may be punched ouL ~,¥ttenever the plate to be divided, or perforated, is large, a batik of wax may be made to surround tile parts, or the acid and water ma, " be repeatedly washed over tile lines, until the corrosion is sub fici:entl~ deep. • Care should be taken to employ good, clean wax; for the acid will find ..its way throug'h .it wherever, there are ally specks of dirt, and thus injure rite t~ace of the plate. Engravers' etching ground would be a bette,- article tlaan wax, but the latter is easily dbtail~ed, and, if pure and clean, will answer very well. Saws and other tools of" iron or steel, may be readily marked with the name of the owner of them~ by the tbreg=oing process.
dl new mode of Paving proposed. TO T H E E D I T O I t
OF T I l B FI{&NKLI~f J O U I { ~ A ~ , .
Sin--Some judIcious remarks upon the sublect ot oaring, have appeared ~a the recent numbers of the Frankhu'Journal:an( as it is a thing of very considerable importance, I have determined to otter you my speculations upon it, which, should they not be esteemed of • much value, shall not demand much space on ~ u r pages. In large commercial cities,'where many th~'iusands of inhabitants are crowded together, and occupy but a small space of ground, the constant passing to and fro of vehicles of every d:escriptio~J, from the !~eayily laden wagon, to the light pleasure carriage, soon disturbs the •~rdmary pavemenb so as to interfere materially with tile ease and
A~IERICAN ~IECIIANICS~ I~AGEZINE.
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comfort of those who travel over it. It isscarcely to be expected~ that a more permal)ent mode of paving can be devised, without a considerable increase m the cost of the operation ; but if permanence can be attained, a much larger expenditure, at first, might in the end prove to be good economy. So well convinced of thi~ fact were thh inhabitants of London, that they, a few years since, undertook to pave a part of that city with cast iron ; I am not fully informed of the result of this experiment, but have understood, that, although the iron was checkered in the casting, the surface was soon worn so smooth~ as to render travelling upon it insecure. The mode which I wish to propose, will certainly" be expensive at first; so would the laying of ~'ron pipes have been,~when our waterworks were first established, but we now feel that it would nevertheless have been good economy.--But, to come to the p o i n t - - I would n~ake a double pavement, in the following manner : I would dig sufficiently deep to place a good bed of gravel, upon which I would lay lay sub-pavement, which might be of rough stones; these should b-e well rammed, so as to make a tbundation of great solidity ; upon this~ a second bed of gravel is to be spread, and upon this I would lay a good pavement, in the usual manner, which siwuld also be carefully consolidated ; the operation is then finished. The bed of gravel between the two strata of stones, must, in every part, be sultieiently thick to prevent their ever coming into contact with each other, or the upper stones would rock upon those beneath. A road made in this manner, would possess a degree of firmness which would resist the effects of weather, whilst the pressure upon the surface, would, through the intervention of tile sub-pavement, be distfibuted over an increased portion of the earthy foundation, l'he sub-pavement would never need to be repaired ; and although the upper pavement must in time wear out, and might be subjected to accidental disturbanc% the repairing of it would become a very sina~ ple operation. Yours, &c. VX~Tom "
Description of Mason and Tyler's improved Face Chuck,for Turners, S~R--Should you think the following description of a reverse face chuck worth communicating to the public, through tile medium of your very useful publication, it is. at your service.. 'file flat~ or face chuck, is a well known, and useful appendage to the lathe; but having frequent occasion to chuck a piece, With its faced side outward.` and finding all the usual methods too tedious and uncertain, we have contrived the chuck here described~ which obviates every difficulty. This chuck consists of a circular plat% like that of the common tkce chuck; it is perfectly flat on both sides., and of equal thickness through-
TIIE F R A N K L I N J O U R . N A 5
AND
the proportions about one part of acid to six of water. The saw. late was theu placed in a common queens-ware dish, sufficiently rge to contain it withiu the rim, and the acid and water were poured into it, so as just to cover the saw-plate; m about half an l/our it was taken out, washed in clean water, and the wax scraped oft; the lines having been bitten in to a sufficient depth to cause the plate to break with great ease. Some pieces which were left in too Ion,,, were' ea t'e l l quite through, and the edges rendered rough and indented by the action of the acid. At the ends of the plates, where holes were wanted, the wax was removed on each side; it was fontal necessary, sometimes, to insert these ends in the fluid, longer than the time allowed tbr the actio~l on the lines; this, however, depends upon the thickness of the plate. Circular saws may be readily made in this way, and their centres perforated to any size. Square or round holes may be made through a plate of one-fimrth of an inch in thickness without the slizhtest difficulty. To eflbct this, after covering the part with wax, an~i scratch. ing through it, in the way directed, a wall, or batik, of wax is to be placed rohnd it, so as t o form a cup, into which the liquid may be poured: this operation must be repeated on the opposite side, and when the lines arc bitten to a good depth, the piece may be punched ouL ~,¥ttenever the plate to be divided, or perforated, is large, a batik of wax may be made to surround tile parts, or the acid and water ma, " be repeatedly washed over tile lines, until the corrosion is sub fici:entl~ deep. • Care should be taken to employ good, clean wax; for the acid will find ..its way throug'h .it wherever, there are ally specks of dirt, and thus injure rite t~ace of the plate. Engravers' etching ground would be a bette,- article tlaan wax, but the latter is easily dbtail~ed, and, if pure and clean, will answer very well. Saws and other tools of" iron or steel, may be readily marked with the name of the owner of them~ by the tbreg=oing process.
dl new mode of Paving proposed. TO T H E E D I T O I t
OF T I l B FI{&NKLI~f J O U I { ~ A ~ , .
Sin--Some judIcious remarks upon the sublect ot oaring, have appeared ~a the recent numbers of the Frankhu'Journal:an( as it is a thing of very considerable importance, I have determined to otter you my speculations upon it, which, should they not be esteemed of • much value, shall not demand much space on ~ u r pages. In large commercial cities,'where many th~'iusands of inhabitants are crowded together, and occupy but a small space of ground, the constant passing to and fro of vehicles of every d:escriptio~J, from the !~eayily laden wagon, to the light pleasure carriage, soon disturbs the •~rdmary pavemenb so as to interfere materially with tile ease and
A~IERICAN ~IECIIANICS~ I~AGEZINE.
~0~
comfort of those who travel over it. It isscarcely to be expected~ that a more permal)ent mode of paving can be devised, without a considerable increase m the cost of the operation ; but if permanence can be attained, a much larger expenditure, at first, might in the end prove to be good economy. So well convinced of thi~ fact were thh inhabitants of London, that they, a few years since, undertook to pave a part of that city with cast iron ; I am not fully informed of the result of this experiment, but have understood, that, although the iron was checkered in the casting, the surface was soon worn so smooth~ as to render travelling upon it insecure. The mode which I wish to propose, will certainly" be expensive at first; so would the laying of ~'ron pipes have been,~when our waterworks were first established, but we now feel that it would nevertheless have been good economy.--But, to come to the p o i n t - - I would n~ake a double pavement, in the following manner : I would dig sufficiently deep to place a good bed of gravel, upon which I would lay lay sub-pavement, which might be of rough stones; these should b-e well rammed, so as to make a tbundation of great solidity ; upon this~ a second bed of gravel is to be spread, and upon this I would lay a good pavement, in the usual manner, which siwuld also be carefully consolidated ; the operation is then finished. The bed of gravel between the two strata of stones, must, in every part, be sultieiently thick to prevent their ever coming into contact with each other, or the upper stones would rock upon those beneath. A road made in this manner, would possess a degree of firmness which would resist the effects of weather, whilst the pressure upon the surface, would, through the intervention of tile sub-pavement, be distfibuted over an increased portion of the earthy foundation, l'he sub-pavement would never need to be repaired ; and although the upper pavement must in time wear out, and might be subjected to accidental disturbanc% the repairing of it would become a very sina~ ple operation. Yours, &c. VX~Tom "
Description of Mason and Tyler's improved Face Chuck,for Turners, S~R--Should you think the following description of a reverse face chuck worth communicating to the public, through tile medium of your very useful publication, it is. at your service.. 'file flat~ or face chuck, is a well known, and useful appendage to the lathe; but having frequent occasion to chuck a piece, With its faced side outward.` and finding all the usual methods too tedious and uncertain, we have contrived the chuck here described~ which obviates every difficulty. This chuck consists of a circular plat% like that of the common tkce chuck; it is perfectly flat on both sides., and of equal thickness through-