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A NURSE'S SALARY DURING ILLNESS.
802 accruing benefit would not be one-sided. Iceland should gamy. The somewhat startling reason for this is that " no. prove a happy hunting ground for research workers, not type of union has yet been discovered in which the maximum only for the reasons already given, but also because the of intellectual variety may be so effectually combined with Icelandic medical profession receives the medical stranger the minimum of emotional disturbance." The book is within its gates with a most charming and spontaneous written in the form of a chapter out of a hypothetical history of moral institutions in the nineteenth, twentieth, and hospitality. My most grateful thanks are due to Prof. Gudmundur twenty-first centuries. The contemporary literature on Thoroddsen, Dr. Olafur 0. Larusson, ofthe Vestmanoy which the survey is based is not representative, the chief Islands, and Dr. Gunnlaugur Claessen for the help they sources being the series in which this book appears. In gave
me.
THE EFFECT OF TOXÆMIA ON THE FORMATION OF ENAMEL. HYPOPLASIA of the dental enamel,
characterised
by
a
honeycombed or pitted condition of this tissue, is comparatively common. It has long been recognised that it is
often due to some disease or metabolic disturbance during the period of calcification, the subsequent eruption of the affected teeth remaining a permanent record of a past defect in nutrition. Hypoplastic teeth are still sometimes termed rachitic teeth on the supposition that rickets is the chief disease resulting in enamel defect. We know now that while rickets often brings about defective calcification, other diseases also, especially the infective diseases of childhood, may leave their mark on the teeth. Since the dates of calcification are known, the observer can usually predict with tolerable accuracy the times when the disturbance in nutrition affected the portion of the enamel defectively formed. Dr. L. B. Stott and Mr. W. B. Grandison have investigated the occurrence of dental hypoplasia in children at the Papworth Village Settlement, and their results have been
published
in
an
attractively produced monograph.,
They
have been struck by the fact that during dental inspection of the children at this Settlement some showed perfect dentitions, while their general condition and personal hygiene did not differ from that of sufferers from varying degrees of dental caries. This has led them to examine the dental and medical records with a view to ascertaining the significance of this apparent immunity from dental disease. The correlation of the medical and dental records leads them to the view that infective disease during calcification produces hypoplasia while, as a necessary corollary to this, they suggest that acquired resistance to infectious disease is followed by satisfactorv calcification. The interesting suggestion is made that the calcium metabolism in the teeth follows those variations in the calcium metabolism of the body as a whole which occur In active tubercle in active tuberculosis and its arrest. the calcium excretion is high, so the teeth in process of calcification do not receive enough lime salts and are therefore defectively formed. When tuberculosis is arrested the process is characterised by the deposition of calcium in the tuberculous foci. Thus deposition of calcium is a tissue action which may be widespread in and is associated with a low calcium excretion. Hence it might follow that in cases of acquired immunity the teeth undergoing calcification receive plenty of calcium and are, in consequence, highly calcified and resistant to caries. A further point of some theoretical importance raised by Stott and Grandison is whether this power of depositing calcium is part of a natural resistance or whether it is increased by exposure to infection and is thus due to acquired
the course of the next hundred years, the author thinks, the institution of monogamy will have completed a circle, ending up much as it is now, except that it will be voluntary instead of compulsory, and based on sexual knowledge instead of upon ignorance. The psychological presupposition of this desirable change is that confidence will be gained in humanity’s ability to impose voluntary restraints upon its conduct. No attempt whatever is made to analyse the growth of these morally inhibiting processes, and the relevant psychological literature is nowhere referred to.
MEDICAL MISSIONS. A LITTLE book callect "The Touch of
Healing," by M. M.
Wood/ will be welcomed by anyone who wishes to give young people a vivid description of medical missionary work. It is attractively written and illustrated, and is full of arresting anecdotes, drawn from every corner of the world where missionary work is carried on. The photographs come from India. China, Egypt, and Palestine. The training and work of a missionary nurse is sketched out, and the treatment-often in bulk---of all kinds of tropical
disease is described. The value of medical missions is undisputed, and the tales in this book show how western science is appreciated by the races to whom it is taken by these devoted men and women. CASH BEFORE NON-DELIVERY. M. R. D. (Wembley) has received a call from a man desirous of obtaining orders for print ng, corks, bottles, and the like, who presents as his credential the card of a proAfter receiving payment in advance, fessional colleague. nothing more is heard of him. Obviously any instances of frauds of this nature should be promptly reported to the police, in order to teach a lesson to the unscrupulous persons who seek to victimise medical practitioners. The number of’ these is large, partly because they can so easily obtain an interview, partly, one fears, because practitioners are regarded We would once again warn as readily imposed upon. members of the medical profession to be on their guard against dealing with persons who are entirely unknown to.. them, with a special caution against making cash payments for goods prior to delivery.
A NURSE’S SALARY DURING ILLNESS. A. L. M.—The payment of salary during the illness of anurse is a matter of usage rather than of obligation. Theusual practice, both in institutions and on the district, is. to pay full salary during sickness for a period dependent upon the length of service the nurse has rendered. Most institutions would retain her national insurance benefit, but some district nursing associations allow a nurse who’ has been in their service for some time, and who is not well off financially, to retain her benefit for a period. One wellknown nursing institute is considering the equity of recommending full salary and allowance for board for six weeks, immunity. They suggest-thougli they do not bring and after that half the amount. The private nurse must, much evidence to support the suggestion-that efficient unfortunately, make her own provision for sickness ; but calcification is conferred by acquired rather than natural hospitals will often give her free accommodation and care.. immunity. This seems to mean that the dental enamel is more highly calcified in children who have been exposed to DANGEROUS DRUG RECORDS. infection, which they have subsequently overcome successH. E. S.—A qualified medical practitioner is"authofully, than in children who have escaped exposure to infection rised " to be induly possession of dangerous drugs and to apply altogether. The logical and somewhat surprising outcome them by personal administration. In purchasing the drugs is that immunity to dental caries, instead of being a function the conditions of the Pharmacy Acts relating of ’a normal calcium metabolism leading to normally he is subject to formed enamel, is rather a function of an abnormal calcium to the sale of poisons-e.g., signing the’poison-book, and so the drugs solely formetabolism which causes excessive calcification of the forth. If the practitioner requires himself to his patients by administration personally, or enamel. under his own direct supervision, he is under no obligation THE FUTURE OF MONOGAMY. to keep the records required by the Regulations in the case A PROPHECY tnat tne years 1930 to 1975 wiii be a period of dispensing doctors. If, on the other hand, he dispenses of sexual reform, during which the institution of monogamy or supplies medicine (which the Home Office interprets as will undergo vicissitudes conseauent upon the universal including the case of a doctor leaving a supply of any of the teaching of sex hygiene and the liberation of marriage from drugs with a nurse for administration to a patient during the external inhibitions, is made in an addition to the To-day and doctor’s absence), he must keep the prescribed registers. To-morrow Series, which has reached us.2The period 2000 to.2030, however, will see the triumph of voluntary monoTHE British Social Hygiene Council would be glad to hear" from medical men and women willing to give single lectures1 An Investigation into the Effect of Toxæmia on Enamel in London or to undertake short campaigns in the provinces. Formation. By L. B. Stott, M.B., and W. Baird Grandison, a single lecture in London is 1 guinea. ApplicaL.D.S. With a Foreword by Sir Humphry Rolleston. From The fee for tion to the Secretary-General of the Council, Carteret House, the Dental Unit of the Papworth Village Settlement, 1929. 2 Halcyon, or the Future of Monogany. By Vera Brittain. Carteret-street, London, S.W. 1. London : Kegan Paul. Trench, Trubner and Co. 1929. Pp. 92. 2s. 6d. 1 Edinburgh House Press, 2, Eaton-gate, S.W. Pp. 62. 1s.
me.
THE EFFECT OF TOXÆMIA ON THE FORMATION OF ENAMEL. HYPOPLASIA of the dental enamel,
characterised
by
a
honeycombed or pitted condition of this tissue, is comparatively common. It has long been recognised that it is
often due to some disease or metabolic disturbance during the period of calcification, the subsequent eruption of the affected teeth remaining a permanent record of a past defect in nutrition. Hypoplastic teeth are still sometimes termed rachitic teeth on the supposition that rickets is the chief disease resulting in enamel defect. We know now that while rickets often brings about defective calcification, other diseases also, especially the infective diseases of childhood, may leave their mark on the teeth. Since the dates of calcification are known, the observer can usually predict with tolerable accuracy the times when the disturbance in nutrition affected the portion of the enamel defectively formed. Dr. L. B. Stott and Mr. W. B. Grandison have investigated the occurrence of dental hypoplasia in children at the Papworth Village Settlement, and their results have been
published
in
an
attractively produced monograph.,
They
have been struck by the fact that during dental inspection of the children at this Settlement some showed perfect dentitions, while their general condition and personal hygiene did not differ from that of sufferers from varying degrees of dental caries. This has led them to examine the dental and medical records with a view to ascertaining the significance of this apparent immunity from dental disease. The correlation of the medical and dental records leads them to the view that infective disease during calcification produces hypoplasia while, as a necessary corollary to this, they suggest that acquired resistance to infectious disease is followed by satisfactorv calcification. The interesting suggestion is made that the calcium metabolism in the teeth follows those variations in the calcium metabolism of the body as a whole which occur In active tubercle in active tuberculosis and its arrest. the calcium excretion is high, so the teeth in process of calcification do not receive enough lime salts and are therefore defectively formed. When tuberculosis is arrested the process is characterised by the deposition of calcium in the tuberculous foci. Thus deposition of calcium is a tissue action which may be widespread in and is associated with a low calcium excretion. Hence it might follow that in cases of acquired immunity the teeth undergoing calcification receive plenty of calcium and are, in consequence, highly calcified and resistant to caries. A further point of some theoretical importance raised by Stott and Grandison is whether this power of depositing calcium is part of a natural resistance or whether it is increased by exposure to infection and is thus due to acquired
the course of the next hundred years, the author thinks, the institution of monogamy will have completed a circle, ending up much as it is now, except that it will be voluntary instead of compulsory, and based on sexual knowledge instead of upon ignorance. The psychological presupposition of this desirable change is that confidence will be gained in humanity’s ability to impose voluntary restraints upon its conduct. No attempt whatever is made to analyse the growth of these morally inhibiting processes, and the relevant psychological literature is nowhere referred to.
MEDICAL MISSIONS. A LITTLE book callect "The Touch of
Healing," by M. M.
Wood/ will be welcomed by anyone who wishes to give young people a vivid description of medical missionary work. It is attractively written and illustrated, and is full of arresting anecdotes, drawn from every corner of the world where missionary work is carried on. The photographs come from India. China, Egypt, and Palestine. The training and work of a missionary nurse is sketched out, and the treatment-often in bulk---of all kinds of tropical
disease is described. The value of medical missions is undisputed, and the tales in this book show how western science is appreciated by the races to whom it is taken by these devoted men and women. CASH BEFORE NON-DELIVERY. M. R. D. (Wembley) has received a call from a man desirous of obtaining orders for print ng, corks, bottles, and the like, who presents as his credential the card of a proAfter receiving payment in advance, fessional colleague. nothing more is heard of him. Obviously any instances of frauds of this nature should be promptly reported to the police, in order to teach a lesson to the unscrupulous persons who seek to victimise medical practitioners. The number of’ these is large, partly because they can so easily obtain an interview, partly, one fears, because practitioners are regarded We would once again warn as readily imposed upon. members of the medical profession to be on their guard against dealing with persons who are entirely unknown to.. them, with a special caution against making cash payments for goods prior to delivery.
A NURSE’S SALARY DURING ILLNESS. A. L. M.—The payment of salary during the illness of anurse is a matter of usage rather than of obligation. Theusual practice, both in institutions and on the district, is. to pay full salary during sickness for a period dependent upon the length of service the nurse has rendered. Most institutions would retain her national insurance benefit, but some district nursing associations allow a nurse who’ has been in their service for some time, and who is not well off financially, to retain her benefit for a period. One wellknown nursing institute is considering the equity of recommending full salary and allowance for board for six weeks, immunity. They suggest-thougli they do not bring and after that half the amount. The private nurse must, much evidence to support the suggestion-that efficient unfortunately, make her own provision for sickness ; but calcification is conferred by acquired rather than natural hospitals will often give her free accommodation and care.. immunity. This seems to mean that the dental enamel is more highly calcified in children who have been exposed to DANGEROUS DRUG RECORDS. infection, which they have subsequently overcome successH. E. S.—A qualified medical practitioner is"authofully, than in children who have escaped exposure to infection rised " to be induly possession of dangerous drugs and to apply altogether. The logical and somewhat surprising outcome them by personal administration. In purchasing the drugs is that immunity to dental caries, instead of being a function the conditions of the Pharmacy Acts relating of ’a normal calcium metabolism leading to normally he is subject to formed enamel, is rather a function of an abnormal calcium to the sale of poisons-e.g., signing the’poison-book, and so the drugs solely formetabolism which causes excessive calcification of the forth. If the practitioner requires himself to his patients by administration personally, or enamel. under his own direct supervision, he is under no obligation THE FUTURE OF MONOGAMY. to keep the records required by the Regulations in the case A PROPHECY tnat tne years 1930 to 1975 wiii be a period of dispensing doctors. If, on the other hand, he dispenses of sexual reform, during which the institution of monogamy or supplies medicine (which the Home Office interprets as will undergo vicissitudes conseauent upon the universal including the case of a doctor leaving a supply of any of the teaching of sex hygiene and the liberation of marriage from drugs with a nurse for administration to a patient during the external inhibitions, is made in an addition to the To-day and doctor’s absence), he must keep the prescribed registers. To-morrow Series, which has reached us.2The period 2000 to.2030, however, will see the triumph of voluntary monoTHE British Social Hygiene Council would be glad to hear" from medical men and women willing to give single lectures1 An Investigation into the Effect of Toxæmia on Enamel in London or to undertake short campaigns in the provinces. Formation. By L. B. Stott, M.B., and W. Baird Grandison, a single lecture in London is 1 guinea. ApplicaL.D.S. With a Foreword by Sir Humphry Rolleston. From The fee for tion to the Secretary-General of the Council, Carteret House, the Dental Unit of the Papworth Village Settlement, 1929. 2 Halcyon, or the Future of Monogany. By Vera Brittain. Carteret-street, London, S.W. 1. London : Kegan Paul. Trench, Trubner and Co. 1929. Pp. 92. 2s. 6d. 1 Edinburgh House Press, 2, Eaton-gate, S.W. Pp. 62. 1s.