- Email: [email protected]
A procedure for the design of multifunction switching controls
treatment of both occupational and non-occupational illnesses, control of industrial design hazards, and the rehabilitation, assessment and placement of seriously disabled workers.
Visual displays 6.3.14 (67065)
in the size of backboard. 3. The effect of letter-type of numeral figures upon recognition distance is not evident, but its effect plays an important role for misreading, especially, proportion of misreading is small in C-type figures.
6.3.17 (67072)
Mashour, M.
Siegel, A.I., Federman, P.J. and Burkett, J.R.
Human Factors in signalling systems: specific applications to railway signalling. A lmq vist and Wikse ll International, 1974, 341 pp. Abstr. in: Psychological Abstracts.
Increasing and evaluating the readability of Air Force written materials. Aug 1974, Abstr in: Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD-786 820/1GA)
Presents an investigation of methods of analysis and experimentation that can be used to develop a signalling system on a Human Factors basis. Topics include the psychology of Human F act ors, Human Factors in railways, signal indications, the physical aspects of signals, degrees of difficulty in signals, operator performance and detection in simulated systems, and methods of error analysis.
6.3.15 (67067)
Newell, A.F. et aL An alphanumeric display as a communication aid for the dumb.
The report describes how to apply techniques that have been used in measuring the readability/ comprehensibility and reading level of textual materials. Instructions are provided, in a step-by-step fashion, for determining the reading level of written material and for presenting subject matter material through methods other than prose. In addition, procedures for simplifying written material are presented. Experimental procedures, to be used in determining the effectiveness of written material, are described. Finally, multisensory presentation of Air Force training material is examined.
Medical and Biological Engineering, Jan 1975, 13.1, 8 4 - 8 8 . The requirements of a communication aid for the dumb are discussed and a prototype system is described which has been found to fulfil these requirements adequately. Messages are entered into the system using a keyboard, and appear as alphanumeric characters 'roiling' across a small matrix of lightemitting diodes. Only five characters are visible at any instant, but tests have shown that this is a suitable compromise between speed of communication, ease of reading, and cost.
Controls 6.3.18 (67081)
Marrus, L.D. Standardization of controls on frontend loaders - Vol 1, Data analysis and conclusions. Bendix Aerospace Systems Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Jan 1973, 215 pp, Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 74-1784)
Loss of vehicular control was identified as an apparent cause in the majority of a number of accidents and was traceable to operator errors, not to equipment failures. The real cause was believed to be the lack of standardisation of loader controls. An 6.3.16 (67069) introduction to the subject of frontWake, T.. and Shimizu, Y. end loader useage in the mining industry On readability of numeral figures on and the associated safety problems is road signs. Japanese Journal of followed by a discussion of operational Ergonomics, Dec 1973, 9 . 6 , 2 5 3 - 2 6 0 . tasks; control criticality and safety; The experiments deal with readability location, direction of motion and type for numeral figures on road signs. of control; factors influencing the Readability was determined by standardisation of front-end loader recognition distance for ten numerals controls; and a description of a front0 through 9 and the proportion of end loader mock-up. misreading between numeral figures. Subjects reported it, whether he identifies letters or not, by recording 6.3.19 (67083) the number at each level of distance Kahler, R. between Ss and the road sign. Results The assessment of new tractor brake of the present experiment are as pedal systems. Control, Nov 1974, follows: 1. Recognition distance 1.2, 9 5 - 1 0 3 . increases with the increase of size of Australian tractor accidents the backboard. 2. Proportion of miscontribute about 100 of Australia's reading decreases with the increase
182
Applied Ergonomics September 1975
400 industrial deaths and 8000 of its work injuries every year, constituting a serious community problem which is receiving continuing attention at the University of Queensland. McDonald's detailed study (1972) of 500 Australian tractor accidents recognized more than 100 tractor design features as being essential to the accidents. This article reports the results of more recent research into the design of tractor brake pedal systems and the problems of brake selection.
6.3.20 (67085)
Graham, D.K. A procedure for the design of multifunction switching controls. Abstr in: Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD/A-000 532/2GA) The handbook provides an independently usable, step-by-step procedure for the design of a multifunction switching control (MSC). An MSC is a matrix of switches which address a computer or other logic interface. This interface, in turn, addresses the system or subsystem to be controlled. Each switch in the matrix may have any number of different functions, its function at any given time determined by system state variables and the programming of the logic interface. The procedure itself is designed to effect the optimum trade between the number of switching controls required and associated operator workload. A conceptual design is developed first, based solety on system (and operator) requirements, to permit a quantitative assessment of the effect of hardware constraints on the optimum design. Implementation constraints are subsequently introduced and methods of dealing with such constraints described.
Keyboards 6.3.21 (67090)
Ferguson, D. and Duncan, J. Keyboard design and operating posture. Ergonomics, Nov 1974, 17.6,731-744. A previous study of muscle incoordination and aching (occupational cramp and myalgia) in telegraphists revealed that the layout of the standard QWERTY keyboard layout also affected operating posture, shown to be linked with the occurrence of those symptoms in operating. The aims of the present study were to explore effects of design on the operator, and to examine how layout could be changed to obviate postulated adverse effects. Affected and unaffected telegraphists were interviewed and
Visual displays 6.3.14 (67065)
in the size of backboard. 3. The effect of letter-type of numeral figures upon recognition distance is not evident, but its effect plays an important role for misreading, especially, proportion of misreading is small in C-type figures.
6.3.17 (67072)
Mashour, M.
Siegel, A.I., Federman, P.J. and Burkett, J.R.
Human Factors in signalling systems: specific applications to railway signalling. A lmq vist and Wikse ll International, 1974, 341 pp. Abstr. in: Psychological Abstracts.
Increasing and evaluating the readability of Air Force written materials. Aug 1974, Abstr in: Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD-786 820/1GA)
Presents an investigation of methods of analysis and experimentation that can be used to develop a signalling system on a Human Factors basis. Topics include the psychology of Human F act ors, Human Factors in railways, signal indications, the physical aspects of signals, degrees of difficulty in signals, operator performance and detection in simulated systems, and methods of error analysis.
6.3.15 (67067)
Newell, A.F. et aL An alphanumeric display as a communication aid for the dumb.
The report describes how to apply techniques that have been used in measuring the readability/ comprehensibility and reading level of textual materials. Instructions are provided, in a step-by-step fashion, for determining the reading level of written material and for presenting subject matter material through methods other than prose. In addition, procedures for simplifying written material are presented. Experimental procedures, to be used in determining the effectiveness of written material, are described. Finally, multisensory presentation of Air Force training material is examined.
Medical and Biological Engineering, Jan 1975, 13.1, 8 4 - 8 8 . The requirements of a communication aid for the dumb are discussed and a prototype system is described which has been found to fulfil these requirements adequately. Messages are entered into the system using a keyboard, and appear as alphanumeric characters 'roiling' across a small matrix of lightemitting diodes. Only five characters are visible at any instant, but tests have shown that this is a suitable compromise between speed of communication, ease of reading, and cost.
Controls 6.3.18 (67081)
Marrus, L.D. Standardization of controls on frontend loaders - Vol 1, Data analysis and conclusions. Bendix Aerospace Systems Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan, Jan 1973, 215 pp, Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 74-1784)
Loss of vehicular control was identified as an apparent cause in the majority of a number of accidents and was traceable to operator errors, not to equipment failures. The real cause was believed to be the lack of standardisation of loader controls. An 6.3.16 (67069) introduction to the subject of frontWake, T.. and Shimizu, Y. end loader useage in the mining industry On readability of numeral figures on and the associated safety problems is road signs. Japanese Journal of followed by a discussion of operational Ergonomics, Dec 1973, 9 . 6 , 2 5 3 - 2 6 0 . tasks; control criticality and safety; The experiments deal with readability location, direction of motion and type for numeral figures on road signs. of control; factors influencing the Readability was determined by standardisation of front-end loader recognition distance for ten numerals controls; and a description of a front0 through 9 and the proportion of end loader mock-up. misreading between numeral figures. Subjects reported it, whether he identifies letters or not, by recording 6.3.19 (67083) the number at each level of distance Kahler, R. between Ss and the road sign. Results The assessment of new tractor brake of the present experiment are as pedal systems. Control, Nov 1974, follows: 1. Recognition distance 1.2, 9 5 - 1 0 3 . increases with the increase of size of Australian tractor accidents the backboard. 2. Proportion of miscontribute about 100 of Australia's reading decreases with the increase
182
Applied Ergonomics September 1975
400 industrial deaths and 8000 of its work injuries every year, constituting a serious community problem which is receiving continuing attention at the University of Queensland. McDonald's detailed study (1972) of 500 Australian tractor accidents recognized more than 100 tractor design features as being essential to the accidents. This article reports the results of more recent research into the design of tractor brake pedal systems and the problems of brake selection.
6.3.20 (67085)
Graham, D.K. A procedure for the design of multifunction switching controls. Abstr in: Government Reports Announcements (Report No AD/A-000 532/2GA) The handbook provides an independently usable, step-by-step procedure for the design of a multifunction switching control (MSC). An MSC is a matrix of switches which address a computer or other logic interface. This interface, in turn, addresses the system or subsystem to be controlled. Each switch in the matrix may have any number of different functions, its function at any given time determined by system state variables and the programming of the logic interface. The procedure itself is designed to effect the optimum trade between the number of switching controls required and associated operator workload. A conceptual design is developed first, based solety on system (and operator) requirements, to permit a quantitative assessment of the effect of hardware constraints on the optimum design. Implementation constraints are subsequently introduced and methods of dealing with such constraints described.
Keyboards 6.3.21 (67090)
Ferguson, D. and Duncan, J. Keyboard design and operating posture. Ergonomics, Nov 1974, 17.6,731-744. A previous study of muscle incoordination and aching (occupational cramp and myalgia) in telegraphists revealed that the layout of the standard QWERTY keyboard layout also affected operating posture, shown to be linked with the occurrence of those symptoms in operating. The aims of the present study were to explore effects of design on the operator, and to examine how layout could be changed to obviate postulated adverse effects. Affected and unaffected telegraphists were interviewed and