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A RECTAL SPECULUM AND A STANDARD LAMP.
416
author reviewing the theories of surface chemistry special syringe, the shaft of whose needle is 4iinches and the evidence on which they are founded. Few in length, it is possible to inject under the mucous people have greater facility for the collection and membrane of the rectum as far up as is necessary. correlation of the diverse data germane to this The cut-away end of the instrument facilitates subject than Prof. Rideal, and if his book is not bringing into view the part of the mucous membrane easy to read it is because he has succeeded in com- or of the hsemorrhoid that it is desired to inject, the pressing much information into little space. longer side of the instrument keeping other parts In the four years that have passed since the publi- out of the way like a retractor. A special point is cation of the first edition perhaps the most revolu- the shape of the handle. This makes it possible to tionary observations have been those on the mobility rotate the instrument in situ round a complete circle, of atoms adsorbed on solid surfaces. The evidence because it is so designed that the horizontal part of from molecular rays has received confirmation from the handle stands out clear of the buttocks and does Volmer, who showed the migration of benzophenone not catch on them as does the ordinary straight molecules across a glass surface. Still more recently handle. This is a much simpler arrangement than collar, suggested by the late Dr. a very beautiful demonstration has been given by the movable Becker; this involves a new weapon, thermionic Whitcombe with a similar object. emission, whose value is made evident in many places THE STANDARD LAMP. in this book. Refinement of apparatus has led to a insoluble films on of into the The standard phases greater insight lamp affords a powerful light for the been films studied and have illumination of the interior of the rectum through any surfaces, liquid protein lately by Gorter and Grendel. The direct measure- form of speculum. ment of the electric moments of the molecules in Formerly, I used a these films, now achieved, opens up great possibilities. forehead lamp, but At the liquid-solid interface the dependence of there are obvious disadsorption on the reaction of the solution has also advantages in being been studied. Prof. Rideal has, unfortunately, not tethered by the cable made many significant alterations in the chapters of such an instruon the conditions of stability in suspensions and i ment. The lamp emulsions and on gels and hydrated colloids. He illustrated is arranged I has thus been unable to insert the very latest work on a stand with a The chapter on heavy base. on the adsorption by silica gel. The differences of potential at interfaces has been almost upright carries a entirely rewritten; a full discussion of the new rheostat, which electrical theories of adsorption is given, and in view makes it possible to of the immense biological importance of the subject use the lamp from his critical account of the permeability of membranes mains of any voltage. will be welcomed. The upper half of the upright is flexible so that it can be moved in all directions and NEW INVENTIONS to any angle. The may be raised lamp A RECTAL SPECULUM AND A STANDARD and lowered still LAMP. further, if required, THE two instruments described below have been by pulling out the made in accordance with my design, and I have found flexible portion from each of them of very material assistance in the the rigid lower part treatment of haemorrhoids by submucous injections after loosening the thumb-screw with carbolic oil. (B). The lamp itself is THE RECTAL SPECULUM. fixed on to the top of The rectal speculum combines in one instrument the column by a several good points utilised separately in other hinged collar (c), so patterns. The obturator is made with that it can be tilted a conical end, which renders its passage again at this point much easier in cases where there through an angle of very The is any spasm of the sphincter, and nearly 180°. which acts to some extent as a dilator. lamp is of the Vesta The distal end of the speculum is pattern. It is procut away obliquely after the fashion of v i d e d with two the instrument used by the late powerful movable lenses (A), by means of which Mr. GraemeAnderson. The the focus can be varied at will. It provides a longer side of the instru- very intense circle of light, the diameter of which can be varied by moving it nearer or farther from the field of operation. I have found it of the greatest assistance in rectal work. It can also be used for laryngoscopic or ophthalmoscopic work and for microscopy. Messrs. Krohne and Sesemann, Duke-street, ManRectal speculum. chester-square, London, W., are the manufacturers of both these instruments. ment from its shoulder to the distal end measures ARTHUR S. MORLEY, F.R.C.S. Eng. 3! inches and the shorter side 2!inches. Using my
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author reviewing the theories of surface chemistry special syringe, the shaft of whose needle is 4iinches and the evidence on which they are founded. Few in length, it is possible to inject under the mucous people have greater facility for the collection and membrane of the rectum as far up as is necessary. correlation of the diverse data germane to this The cut-away end of the instrument facilitates subject than Prof. Rideal, and if his book is not bringing into view the part of the mucous membrane easy to read it is because he has succeeded in com- or of the hsemorrhoid that it is desired to inject, the pressing much information into little space. longer side of the instrument keeping other parts In the four years that have passed since the publi- out of the way like a retractor. A special point is cation of the first edition perhaps the most revolu- the shape of the handle. This makes it possible to tionary observations have been those on the mobility rotate the instrument in situ round a complete circle, of atoms adsorbed on solid surfaces. The evidence because it is so designed that the horizontal part of from molecular rays has received confirmation from the handle stands out clear of the buttocks and does Volmer, who showed the migration of benzophenone not catch on them as does the ordinary straight molecules across a glass surface. Still more recently handle. This is a much simpler arrangement than collar, suggested by the late Dr. a very beautiful demonstration has been given by the movable Becker; this involves a new weapon, thermionic Whitcombe with a similar object. emission, whose value is made evident in many places THE STANDARD LAMP. in this book. Refinement of apparatus has led to a insoluble films on of into the The standard phases greater insight lamp affords a powerful light for the been films studied and have illumination of the interior of the rectum through any surfaces, liquid protein lately by Gorter and Grendel. The direct measure- form of speculum. ment of the electric moments of the molecules in Formerly, I used a these films, now achieved, opens up great possibilities. forehead lamp, but At the liquid-solid interface the dependence of there are obvious disadsorption on the reaction of the solution has also advantages in being been studied. Prof. Rideal has, unfortunately, not tethered by the cable made many significant alterations in the chapters of such an instruon the conditions of stability in suspensions and i ment. The lamp emulsions and on gels and hydrated colloids. He illustrated is arranged I has thus been unable to insert the very latest work on a stand with a The chapter on heavy base. on the adsorption by silica gel. The differences of potential at interfaces has been almost upright carries a entirely rewritten; a full discussion of the new rheostat, which electrical theories of adsorption is given, and in view makes it possible to of the immense biological importance of the subject use the lamp from his critical account of the permeability of membranes mains of any voltage. will be welcomed. The upper half of the upright is flexible so that it can be moved in all directions and NEW INVENTIONS to any angle. The may be raised lamp A RECTAL SPECULUM AND A STANDARD and lowered still LAMP. further, if required, THE two instruments described below have been by pulling out the made in accordance with my design, and I have found flexible portion from each of them of very material assistance in the the rigid lower part treatment of haemorrhoids by submucous injections after loosening the thumb-screw with carbolic oil. (B). The lamp itself is THE RECTAL SPECULUM. fixed on to the top of The rectal speculum combines in one instrument the column by a several good points utilised separately in other hinged collar (c), so patterns. The obturator is made with that it can be tilted a conical end, which renders its passage again at this point much easier in cases where there through an angle of very The is any spasm of the sphincter, and nearly 180°. which acts to some extent as a dilator. lamp is of the Vesta The distal end of the speculum is pattern. It is procut away obliquely after the fashion of v i d e d with two the instrument used by the late powerful movable lenses (A), by means of which Mr. GraemeAnderson. The the focus can be varied at will. It provides a longer side of the instru- very intense circle of light, the diameter of which can be varied by moving it nearer or farther from the field of operation. I have found it of the greatest assistance in rectal work. It can also be used for laryngoscopic or ophthalmoscopic work and for microscopy. Messrs. Krohne and Sesemann, Duke-street, ManRectal speculum. chester-square, London, W., are the manufacturers of both these instruments. ment from its shoulder to the distal end measures ARTHUR S. MORLEY, F.R.C.S. Eng. 3! inches and the shorter side 2!inches. Using my
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