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A review of engine oil design objectives
SYSTEMATIC
efficiently at a reasonable cost is one which confronts every plant engineer. To ensure that a lubrication program would be properly effected, a scheduling function was designed using electronic tabulating equipment. Data is fed to this equipment by punched cards. The equipment provides a program on cards from which are compiled monthly reports on the lubrication program and a yearly summary of the machine points lubricated. Punched cards are reproduced showing when any item is next due for lubrication. Paper Mill Lubrication. Bruce Weetman. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 108-110; 2 figs. The rapid growth of the paper industry necessitated the development of larger and faster operating pulp and paper making units. Changes in mechanical design with higher speeds, loads and temperatures have dictated the use of improved lubricants in this service. The value assessed against downtime stresses the importance of proper lubricants and methods for their application. The demand for greater production and the development of new processing equipment will continue to challenge the ingenuity of the lubrication engineer and result in the development of improved lubricants and lubrication procedures for the paper industry. Improving Machine Tool Lubrication. H. E. Tiffany. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 169-173; I fig., 4 tables, I ref. This paper deals with the necessity for improved lubricant and lubricant dispensing control in order to obtain the best benefits for both lubrication and machine performance. Present industry procedure is discussed to indicate the wide variation of practices and lubricant application. General lubricant requirements are listed along with lubricant types. Machine manufacturer-lubricant supplier role is highlighted in order to bring to light the areas of improvement in an effort to strengthen understanding and cooperation. Selection and application of lubricants are explained, tying in preventive maintenance. Specifications and their relative importance are listed together with the importance of performance factors. The changing requirements of machine tools and their effect on lubricant selection is discussed. 3.2 Lubricants A Review of Engine Oil Design Objectives. J. A. Edgar. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 124-12s; 5 figs., r3 refs. Methods of harmonizing the properties of available fluids and chemical components with the other machine parts for best overall functioning are described. The durability
ABSTRACTS
335
of lubricating fluids now approaches that of the structural engine components, but contamination by solid residues of combustion requires that the oil be fine-filtered continuously or discarded periodically. The latter expedient appears to be the more economical in the field of low-cost engines such as those used in passenger automobiles. A convenient and rapid means of accomplishing this is discussed. Evaluation of Organoselenium Compounds as High-Temperature Antioxidants. R. L. Dueltgen, M. N. Lugaschand and S. L. Cosgrove. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 218-225; 7 figs., 3 tables, 6 refs. Three additives, p-aminophenyl phenyl sele5.dimethylaminobenzo-(z,1,3)-selenanide, diazole, and diphenyl diselenide, showed antioxidant effectiveness comparable with that of a mixture of 5-ethyl-5,ro-dihydro-ro,~odiphenylphenazasiline (I %), and phenyl-cwnaphthylamine (I ‘$&). _4 study of seven different classes of organoselenium compounds as antioxidants for use at 500°F in ester, silane, and silicone fluids showed that all were corrosive to copper, silver, magnesium, aluminium. and, to some degree, steel. Of the materials studied, diphenyl selenide, 5-methylbenzo-(2,r,3)-selenadiazole and variously substituted analogues were chosen for further study as potential antioxidants for use in MIL-L-9236 type ester fluids. Some possible mechanisms for inhibition by organoselenium additives are briefly discussed. Effect of Penetration and Thickener Content on Ball Bearing Grease Performance. A. A. Schwartz. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 237-244; 5 tables, 21 refS. A study was made to determine the effects of penetration and thickener content on the performance characteristics of greases in high temperature ball bearings. This program was undertaken in view of the increasingly widespread use of milling by grease manufacturers as a means of obtaining more uniform thickener dispersion and of making possible a reduction in thickener content without a corresponding increase in penetration. Thirteen products, including lithium and sodium soap thickened petroleum oil base greases and non-soap thickened silicone greases, were investigated at temperatures ranging from IOO’C to 175°C and speeds of 3,600 to 7,000 rev/min in both open and enclosed bearings. In each case in which a pair of greases similar in type and approximately identical in penetration but differing in thickener content was evaluated, the grease with the greater thickener content (i.e., the non-milled one) gave significantly better perWeav, 5 (1962) 334-340
efficiently at a reasonable cost is one which confronts every plant engineer. To ensure that a lubrication program would be properly effected, a scheduling function was designed using electronic tabulating equipment. Data is fed to this equipment by punched cards. The equipment provides a program on cards from which are compiled monthly reports on the lubrication program and a yearly summary of the machine points lubricated. Punched cards are reproduced showing when any item is next due for lubrication. Paper Mill Lubrication. Bruce Weetman. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 108-110; 2 figs. The rapid growth of the paper industry necessitated the development of larger and faster operating pulp and paper making units. Changes in mechanical design with higher speeds, loads and temperatures have dictated the use of improved lubricants in this service. The value assessed against downtime stresses the importance of proper lubricants and methods for their application. The demand for greater production and the development of new processing equipment will continue to challenge the ingenuity of the lubrication engineer and result in the development of improved lubricants and lubrication procedures for the paper industry. Improving Machine Tool Lubrication. H. E. Tiffany. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 169-173; I fig., 4 tables, I ref. This paper deals with the necessity for improved lubricant and lubricant dispensing control in order to obtain the best benefits for both lubrication and machine performance. Present industry procedure is discussed to indicate the wide variation of practices and lubricant application. General lubricant requirements are listed along with lubricant types. Machine manufacturer-lubricant supplier role is highlighted in order to bring to light the areas of improvement in an effort to strengthen understanding and cooperation. Selection and application of lubricants are explained, tying in preventive maintenance. Specifications and their relative importance are listed together with the importance of performance factors. The changing requirements of machine tools and their effect on lubricant selection is discussed. 3.2 Lubricants A Review of Engine Oil Design Objectives. J. A. Edgar. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 124-12s; 5 figs., r3 refs. Methods of harmonizing the properties of available fluids and chemical components with the other machine parts for best overall functioning are described. The durability
ABSTRACTS
335
of lubricating fluids now approaches that of the structural engine components, but contamination by solid residues of combustion requires that the oil be fine-filtered continuously or discarded periodically. The latter expedient appears to be the more economical in the field of low-cost engines such as those used in passenger automobiles. A convenient and rapid means of accomplishing this is discussed. Evaluation of Organoselenium Compounds as High-Temperature Antioxidants. R. L. Dueltgen, M. N. Lugaschand and S. L. Cosgrove. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 218-225; 7 figs., 3 tables, 6 refs. Three additives, p-aminophenyl phenyl sele5.dimethylaminobenzo-(z,1,3)-selenanide, diazole, and diphenyl diselenide, showed antioxidant effectiveness comparable with that of a mixture of 5-ethyl-5,ro-dihydro-ro,~odiphenylphenazasiline (I %), and phenyl-cwnaphthylamine (I ‘$&). _4 study of seven different classes of organoselenium compounds as antioxidants for use at 500°F in ester, silane, and silicone fluids showed that all were corrosive to copper, silver, magnesium, aluminium. and, to some degree, steel. Of the materials studied, diphenyl selenide, 5-methylbenzo-(2,r,3)-selenadiazole and variously substituted analogues were chosen for further study as potential antioxidants for use in MIL-L-9236 type ester fluids. Some possible mechanisms for inhibition by organoselenium additives are briefly discussed. Effect of Penetration and Thickener Content on Ball Bearing Grease Performance. A. A. Schwartz. Lubrication Eng., 18 (1962) 237-244; 5 tables, 21 refS. A study was made to determine the effects of penetration and thickener content on the performance characteristics of greases in high temperature ball bearings. This program was undertaken in view of the increasingly widespread use of milling by grease manufacturers as a means of obtaining more uniform thickener dispersion and of making possible a reduction in thickener content without a corresponding increase in penetration. Thirteen products, including lithium and sodium soap thickened petroleum oil base greases and non-soap thickened silicone greases, were investigated at temperatures ranging from IOO’C to 175°C and speeds of 3,600 to 7,000 rev/min in both open and enclosed bearings. In each case in which a pair of greases similar in type and approximately identical in penetration but differing in thickener content was evaluated, the grease with the greater thickener content (i.e., the non-milled one) gave significantly better perWeav, 5 (1962) 334-340