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A review of storage tank integrity testing using acoustic emission
ND T Abstracts a dual purpose of initiating the A.E. pulses used to detect the MIC, while the high temperatures in the boiling liquids inside the tubes can kill off many of the microbes causing the corrosion.
internal inspection. The nature of any defects revealed by MP! is diagnosed using field metallography.
48812 Jones, R.M. A.E. Technology for detecting valve leakage NDT for Today's Applications, 1990 ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show, Seattle, Washington (United States), 18-12 Oct. 1990. pp. 168-172. ASNT (1990) Leaking valves are of particular concern in the Nuclear Industry where even small internal leaks are unacceptable. This article looks at how acoustic emission (A.E.) technology can be used by plant engineers to solve time consuming and expensive valve testing requirements, such as the stoking of safety valves. A.E. leak testing is successful about 85 to 90% of the time. Where there are doubts, operators are urged to use addition inspection methods.
48043 Fisher,J.L. Acoustic emission testing of furaa R T P equipment NDE: The Next Decade and Beyond. 1990 ASNT Spring Conference, San Antonio, Texas (United States), 19-23 Mar. 1990. pp. 217-219. ASNT (1990) Acoustic emission (AE) testing is used here to inspect furan resins. These resins are very brittle, opaque and black in colour. This effectively hides air bubbles from visual inspection in these useful resins which offer excellent corrosion resistance to a wide variety of solvents. Furan laminates contain large numbers of defects. Many furaa tanks tested using AE failed initially. A number of AE sources are identified such as delaminations in secondary bonds and in the base laminates and surface cracking. AE test are often continued after a failure criteria are reached in order to locate the defects identified.
48810 Pellionis, P.; Gereb, J. Procedures and equipment for A E inspection in verification tests of pressure vessels of a nuclear reactor in Hungary Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 173-178 (1991) Four reactors of the VVER-440 type (440 MW each) operate at the Pak nuclear power station in Hungary. After four years in service of each block are shut down, inspected and examined. AE transducers were placed on two different sections: in the zone with 12 connecting inlet- outlet pipes and also along a circular welded joint at the height of the active zone of the reactor. The acoustic signals were recorded during heating, loading and pressure reduction. 48553
Miller, R.K.; Gandy, T.I.; Bosworth, M.D.
A review of storage tank integrity testing using acoustic emission International Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology II, Houston Texas (United States), 25-27 Jun. 1991. pp. 43-47. ASNT (1991) A technique called Task Bottom Leak Detection (TBLD) is described here for the non-invasive inspection of flat-bottomed, above-ground storage tanks used in the petrochemical industries. Acoustic emission is used to locate leaks, and a specially designed software package, called MONPAC is used to detect defects. Together the provide a measure of the integrity of these storage tasks. Initial results are favoarable, showing that localized areas of corrosion and plate weld cracking on the task bottom can be detected with these techniques. 48304 Fukuda, S.; Kashimura, H.; Onoyama, M. M e a s u r e m e n t of gripping stress in mechanically bonded bimetallic pipe by A E techniques Proceedings of the lOth International Conference on NDE in the Nuclear and Pressure Vessel Industries, Glasgow (Scotland), 11-14 Jun. 1990. pp. 769-774. Edited by M.J. Whittle, J.E. Doherty and K. Iida. ASM International, (1990) In the mechanically bonded bimetallic pipe, the GRIPPING STRESS is defined as the compressive residual stress in the inner pipe. Instead of the conventional destructive method by swain gauges has been developed by applying AE techniques. The measuring system consists of a signal pulser, automatic processing of wave form parameters, and digital displaying of them. The behavior of elastic waves driven by a pulser was studied using bimetallic pipes with different gripping stress levels. The correlations between wave form parameters and gripping stresses, and the influences of various factors such as resonance frequency and location of transducers, couplant, and pipe dimensions on sensitivity were also investigated. The signal duration was selected as the key wave form parameter and it had a good linear correlation with the gripping stress. By predetermination of the correlation data for various pipe sizes, on-liue and all piece measurement of gripping stress of the new type of bimetallic pipe was successfully achieved. 48044 Davies,R.; Wright, B.; Alvarado, G. Non-intrnsive inspection of vessels subject to wet HS environments Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology, Houston, Texas (United States), 20-22 Jun. 1989. pp. 28-38 ASNT (1989) Corrosion reactions which generate hydrogen can cause serious damage to steel pressure vessels. This may leak to catastrophic failure. The petrocbemicad industry seeks to minimize such danger in wet hydrogen sulphide environments, for example, by using non-ina'usive inspection techniques, such as acoustic emission and automated computerized ultrasonic testing for on-line inspection. Both methods are shown to provide technical and cost benefits. Occassionally, where on-line data requires follow-up test, magnetic particle inspection (MPI) may be used to conduct
312
NDT&E
International Volume 26 Number 6 1993
47786 Yoon,D.-J.; Kim, Y.H.; Kwon, O.-Y. New algorithm for acoustic emission source location in cylindrical structures Journal of Acoustic Emission, Voi. 9, No. 4, pp, 237-242 (Oct. Dec. 1991) An acoustic emission source location technique using path differences between several propagating directions from a source to a sensor in cylindrical structures is proposed. One sensor can receive multiple waveforms sequentially arrived through a direct and the spiral paths. Using a series of waveforms from a source detected by the same sensor and the time differences between arrivals, we can calculate the source location. The proposed method was examined experimentally for an actual cylindrical pressure vessel by detecting circumferential waves from simulated acoustic emission sources. The optimum sensor location in cylindrical structures was also proposed by comparing experimental results. It was possible to eliminate the ambiguity of source location likely to arise in the single sensor configuration by using the dual sensor configuration. The results appear to be promising for a simple acoustic emission source location without the use of multi-channel instrumentation. 47546 Fritz,K.E. Assessing the structural integrity and leak tightness of above ground tanks using acoustic emission technology Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology, Houston, Texas (United States), 20-22 Jun. 1989. pp. 18-22. A S N T (1989) Using computer based acoustic mission (AE) systems, we have developed a global inspection method to screen tanks for leakage and structural integrity problems without removing them from service. By applying a global inspection first, potential problem areas can be identified directing the site-specific examinations for closer evaluation. Using the global approach, AGST inspections can be conducted more rapidly and economically when used in conjunction with other complementary NDT methods. The two AE tests which make up the global inspection are TankScan II, an in-service leak detection tool, and Sidewall Integrity Inspection which detects and locates AE signals generated by potential defects in the shell. 47527 Filho,P2"I.; Da Costa, L.E.V.L. Non destructive testing on glass-fiber pressure vessels using acoustic emission Progress in Acoustic Emission V. The 10th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sendal (Japan), 22-25 Oct. 1990. pp. 273-279. Edited by K. Yamaguchi, H. Takahasi and H, Niitsuma. The Japanese Society of Non-Destructive Inspection (1990). A study of the response of glass fiber motor rocket cases during pressurization was made to keep under control the differences in the bursting pressure caused by the production variables. The analysis was performed by a computer that relates the number of events, counts, amplitudes, energy (marse) and pressure. The energy method seems to be most effective to detect early incompatible damage on the structure even at low loads. The Felicity effect was also inspected as a possible way to predict the bursting pressure and to describe the stage of damage of the structure. 47526 Mouhamath, B.; Bunsell, A~. Acoustic emission of filament reinforced metaUie-spherical pressure vessels Progress in Acoustic Emission V. The 10th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sendal (Japan), 22-25 Oct. 1990. pp. 280-284. Edited by K. Yamaguchi, H. Takahashi and H. Niitsuma. The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (1990)
internal inspection. The nature of any defects revealed by MP! is diagnosed using field metallography.
48812 Jones, R.M. A.E. Technology for detecting valve leakage NDT for Today's Applications, 1990 ASNT Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show, Seattle, Washington (United States), 18-12 Oct. 1990. pp. 168-172. ASNT (1990) Leaking valves are of particular concern in the Nuclear Industry where even small internal leaks are unacceptable. This article looks at how acoustic emission (A.E.) technology can be used by plant engineers to solve time consuming and expensive valve testing requirements, such as the stoking of safety valves. A.E. leak testing is successful about 85 to 90% of the time. Where there are doubts, operators are urged to use addition inspection methods.
48043 Fisher,J.L. Acoustic emission testing of furaa R T P equipment NDE: The Next Decade and Beyond. 1990 ASNT Spring Conference, San Antonio, Texas (United States), 19-23 Mar. 1990. pp. 217-219. ASNT (1990) Acoustic emission (AE) testing is used here to inspect furan resins. These resins are very brittle, opaque and black in colour. This effectively hides air bubbles from visual inspection in these useful resins which offer excellent corrosion resistance to a wide variety of solvents. Furan laminates contain large numbers of defects. Many furaa tanks tested using AE failed initially. A number of AE sources are identified such as delaminations in secondary bonds and in the base laminates and surface cracking. AE test are often continued after a failure criteria are reached in order to locate the defects identified.
48810 Pellionis, P.; Gereb, J. Procedures and equipment for A E inspection in verification tests of pressure vessels of a nuclear reactor in Hungary Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 173-178 (1991) Four reactors of the VVER-440 type (440 MW each) operate at the Pak nuclear power station in Hungary. After four years in service of each block are shut down, inspected and examined. AE transducers were placed on two different sections: in the zone with 12 connecting inlet- outlet pipes and also along a circular welded joint at the height of the active zone of the reactor. The acoustic signals were recorded during heating, loading and pressure reduction. 48553
Miller, R.K.; Gandy, T.I.; Bosworth, M.D.
A review of storage tank integrity testing using acoustic emission International Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology II, Houston Texas (United States), 25-27 Jun. 1991. pp. 43-47. ASNT (1991) A technique called Task Bottom Leak Detection (TBLD) is described here for the non-invasive inspection of flat-bottomed, above-ground storage tanks used in the petrochemical industries. Acoustic emission is used to locate leaks, and a specially designed software package, called MONPAC is used to detect defects. Together the provide a measure of the integrity of these storage tasks. Initial results are favoarable, showing that localized areas of corrosion and plate weld cracking on the task bottom can be detected with these techniques. 48304 Fukuda, S.; Kashimura, H.; Onoyama, M. M e a s u r e m e n t of gripping stress in mechanically bonded bimetallic pipe by A E techniques Proceedings of the lOth International Conference on NDE in the Nuclear and Pressure Vessel Industries, Glasgow (Scotland), 11-14 Jun. 1990. pp. 769-774. Edited by M.J. Whittle, J.E. Doherty and K. Iida. ASM International, (1990) In the mechanically bonded bimetallic pipe, the GRIPPING STRESS is defined as the compressive residual stress in the inner pipe. Instead of the conventional destructive method by swain gauges has been developed by applying AE techniques. The measuring system consists of a signal pulser, automatic processing of wave form parameters, and digital displaying of them. The behavior of elastic waves driven by a pulser was studied using bimetallic pipes with different gripping stress levels. The correlations between wave form parameters and gripping stresses, and the influences of various factors such as resonance frequency and location of transducers, couplant, and pipe dimensions on sensitivity were also investigated. The signal duration was selected as the key wave form parameter and it had a good linear correlation with the gripping stress. By predetermination of the correlation data for various pipe sizes, on-liue and all piece measurement of gripping stress of the new type of bimetallic pipe was successfully achieved. 48044 Davies,R.; Wright, B.; Alvarado, G. Non-intrnsive inspection of vessels subject to wet HS environments Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology, Houston, Texas (United States), 20-22 Jun. 1989. pp. 28-38 ASNT (1989) Corrosion reactions which generate hydrogen can cause serious damage to steel pressure vessels. This may leak to catastrophic failure. The petrocbemicad industry seeks to minimize such danger in wet hydrogen sulphide environments, for example, by using non-ina'usive inspection techniques, such as acoustic emission and automated computerized ultrasonic testing for on-line inspection. Both methods are shown to provide technical and cost benefits. Occassionally, where on-line data requires follow-up test, magnetic particle inspection (MPI) may be used to conduct
312
NDT&E
International Volume 26 Number 6 1993
47786 Yoon,D.-J.; Kim, Y.H.; Kwon, O.-Y. New algorithm for acoustic emission source location in cylindrical structures Journal of Acoustic Emission, Voi. 9, No. 4, pp, 237-242 (Oct. Dec. 1991) An acoustic emission source location technique using path differences between several propagating directions from a source to a sensor in cylindrical structures is proposed. One sensor can receive multiple waveforms sequentially arrived through a direct and the spiral paths. Using a series of waveforms from a source detected by the same sensor and the time differences between arrivals, we can calculate the source location. The proposed method was examined experimentally for an actual cylindrical pressure vessel by detecting circumferential waves from simulated acoustic emission sources. The optimum sensor location in cylindrical structures was also proposed by comparing experimental results. It was possible to eliminate the ambiguity of source location likely to arise in the single sensor configuration by using the dual sensor configuration. The results appear to be promising for a simple acoustic emission source location without the use of multi-channel instrumentation. 47546 Fritz,K.E. Assessing the structural integrity and leak tightness of above ground tanks using acoustic emission technology Petroleum Industry Inspection Technology, Houston, Texas (United States), 20-22 Jun. 1989. pp. 18-22. A S N T (1989) Using computer based acoustic mission (AE) systems, we have developed a global inspection method to screen tanks for leakage and structural integrity problems without removing them from service. By applying a global inspection first, potential problem areas can be identified directing the site-specific examinations for closer evaluation. Using the global approach, AGST inspections can be conducted more rapidly and economically when used in conjunction with other complementary NDT methods. The two AE tests which make up the global inspection are TankScan II, an in-service leak detection tool, and Sidewall Integrity Inspection which detects and locates AE signals generated by potential defects in the shell. 47527 Filho,P2"I.; Da Costa, L.E.V.L. Non destructive testing on glass-fiber pressure vessels using acoustic emission Progress in Acoustic Emission V. The 10th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sendal (Japan), 22-25 Oct. 1990. pp. 273-279. Edited by K. Yamaguchi, H. Takahasi and H, Niitsuma. The Japanese Society of Non-Destructive Inspection (1990). A study of the response of glass fiber motor rocket cases during pressurization was made to keep under control the differences in the bursting pressure caused by the production variables. The analysis was performed by a computer that relates the number of events, counts, amplitudes, energy (marse) and pressure. The energy method seems to be most effective to detect early incompatible damage on the structure even at low loads. The Felicity effect was also inspected as a possible way to predict the bursting pressure and to describe the stage of damage of the structure. 47526 Mouhamath, B.; Bunsell, A~. Acoustic emission of filament reinforced metaUie-spherical pressure vessels Progress in Acoustic Emission V. The 10th International Acoustic Emission Symposium, Sendal (Japan), 22-25 Oct. 1990. pp. 280-284. Edited by K. Yamaguchi, H. Takahashi and H. Niitsuma. The Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection (1990)