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A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of M-sand
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
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A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of M-sand B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath, S.Vishal Krishnan ⇑ Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 4 November 2019 Received in revised form 26 November 2019 Accepted 29 November 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: Self-compacting concrete Polypropylene fiber Manufactured sand Chemical admixture (super plasticizer)
a b s t r a c t Self-Compacting concrete (SCC) is a high – performance concrete that can flow under its own weight to completely fill the form work and self-consolidates without any mechanical vibration. Many research had been done in investigating the auxiliary execution of fiber reinforced self compacting concrete because of the improved building and mechanical properties. The consolidation of steel filaments in the blend has been found to improve the solidified properties of self-compacting concrete as far as its elasticity, malleability, durability, vitality assimilation limit and just as break sturdiness. The goal of this paper is to survey the work done by past scientists on the exhibition of fiber reinforced self compacting concrete in piece structures. The information could be utilized as a guide in growing the utilization of self compacting concrete as the fundamental material in the development of construction components. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
1. Introduction Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is also known as selfconsolidating concrete. The concrete that can be compacted by its own weight without any vibrators. SCC is a non-segregating concrete due to high binder content and flowable one. It will place and adjust at any place by its self-weight. SCC is an extremely fluid mix it has good segregation, high deformability and has the low yield stress. It has the good passing ability to flow the concrete easily to the corners of the area without using any compactors and vibrators. SCC is usually similar to standard concrete in terms of its setting and curing time (gaining strength), and strength. SCC gains its fluid properties by usually high proportion of fine aggregates such as sand and also additive of some admixtures to settle the concrete. In this project, the investigations were carried out on the M25 grade SCC, prepared using four different ratios (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2%) of polypropylene fibre and a water cement ratio of 0.45. The size of the polypropylene fibre is 5 mm. L-Box, U-Box, V-Funnel and J-Ring tests were performed to determine the properties of the fresh polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete produced using river sand and manufacture sand. Also, the
⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (V. Gokulnath), [email protected] (S. Krishnan).
properties of hardened concrete were investigated through the flexural strength test Tables 1–3.
2. Process study Mirza and Abdel-Rhaman [1] Deals with the Performance of polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete in Hardened State Mixes with different fibre volume fractions (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) at different levels of fly ash (0.0, 10, 20 and 30%) as a replacement by weight of cement were prepared and tested. Polypropylene fibres have a little effect on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of. Materials required ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, fine aggregates, polypropylene fibre, and super plasticizer. Flexural strength of the concrete was tested at 28 days; the test results show that polypropylene fibres have slightly negative impact on flexural strength of the material. For example, at 10% FA the flexural strength was 3.51, 3.52 and 3.24 MPa for 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 percent PP fibres, respectively. Angelika et al. Works on study of effectiveness of range of polypropylene fibres in self compacting concrete. In this article the polypropylene fibre is added in various percentage of 0, 0.9, 1.35 and 1.8 kg/m3. Tests involving various fibre proportions for a particular mix of SCC. Compression strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 7 days is 2.548, 2.524, 2.518
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
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Table 1 Comparison of Flexural strength using polypropylene Fibers. S.NO
Author
Material Used
Grade Concrete
% of Material
1
Kanade et al. [2]
Polypropylene Fiber
M20
2
Arabi et al. [3]
Polypropylene Fiber
M40
3
Sandhya Rani and Priyanka [4]
Polypropylene Fiber
M30
4
Mohod [5]
Polypropylene Fiber
M25
5
Hawra Alradhawi (2014)
Polypropylene Fiber
M25
0 0.9 1.3 1.8 0 0.005 0.1 0.15 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Flexural Strength 7 days
28 days
2.548 2.524 2.518 2.488 5.26 5.30 5.31 5.46 6.25 6.63 7 7.88 6.88 6.5 3.36 3.29 3.1 2.69 2.87 3.36 3.42 3.55 3.78 3.92
2.53 2.554 2.497 2.435 5.22 5.6 5.68 5.17 5.75 7.38 8 8.25 8.38 6.88 4.6 4.97 4.39 4.87 3.84 4.91 5.67 5.51 5.29 5.12
Table 2 Comparision Flexural strength using steel fibre. S.NO
Author
Material Used
Grade of concrete
1
Bajirao and Bhalchandra [7]
Steel fibre
M50
2
Krishna Rao [8]
Steel fibre
M40
3
Muthupriya et al. [9]
Steel fibre
M40
4
Abukhashaba et al. [10]
Steel fibre
M20
5
Ponikiewski [11]
Steel fibre
M30
6
Abhijit Warudkar (2012)
Steel fibre
M20
and 2.488 respectively. As similar 28 days of 2.530, 2.554, 2.497, and 2.435 respectively. Arabi et al. [3]. Deals on the effect of fibre content and the specimen shape on residual strength of polypropylene fibre. The percentage of fibre is added to the SCC is 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15% of cement. Test methods are used to study the properties of fresh concrete. Flexural strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 28 days is 5.22, 5.60, 5.68 and 5.17. The maximum strength obtained at 0.05 percentage of fibre. Sandhya Rani and Priyanka [4] works with self-compacting solid utilizing polypropylene fibre. From prior investigations the most extreme substitution should be possible up to 40% in SCC with fly fiery remains without influencing the solidified and mechanical properties of cement. The most extreme amount of fibre can be utilized in SCC was 0.75% to 1% of the all-out bond content per blend. The fibre substitution
% of material
0 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.5 1 1.5 2 0.5
Flexural Strength 7 Days
28 Days
4.31 4.46 4.63 4.74 6.98 8.34 8.41 2.5 4.88 4.78 4.36 2.58 3.32 2.74 2.56 2.86 4.96 4.63 4.62 4.15 3.29
5.29 5.55 5.86 5.94 7.78 8.81 8.87 3 5.47 4.92 4.4 3.79 4.15 3.74 3.48 3.76 6.35 5.52 8.85 9.98 3.93
rates are 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%. Also, the water concrete proportion is fixed to 0.45 %and the result for both 7 days and 28 days test is 6.25, 6.63, 7.0, 7.88, 6.88, 6.5 and 5.75, 7.38, 8.0, 8.25, 8.38, 6.88. Mohod [5] works with self-compacting solid utilizing polypropylene fiber. From prior investigations the most extreme substitution should be possible up to 40% in SCC with fly fiery remains without influencing the solidified and mechanical properties of cement. The percentage of fibres added is 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%.Flexural strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 28 days is 3.36, 3.29, 3.10, 2.69, 2.87, 4.60, 4.97, 4.39, 4.87, and 3.84 respectively. In this the maximum strength is increased at 0.5% of the concrete [6]. Hawra Alradhawi In this study investigates the effects of the use of polypropylene fibres as reinforcement on the mechanical and durability properties of
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
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M25 grade self-compacting concrete. Fresh characteristics are evaluated using V funnel. The hardened properties are tested under 7- and 14-days flexural strength after (28) days, Polypropylene fibres give better flexural resistance about 15.5% maximum at (12) mm length fibres, as well improvement in surface porosity and water permeability. Bajirao and Bhalchandra [7] examined on the flexural quality on the solid light emissions of oneself compacting solid utilizing steel fibre fortification of self-compacting concrete. Materials utilized conventional Portland bond of 53 grade, Natural sand from stream Godavari and regular totals were utilized for arrangement of cement. A flexural test was performed on standard light emissions and PFSCC (polypropylene fiber) of size following 7 days and 28 days of drenching in water for restoring. In the wake of finishing the 28 days the shafts are tried and increment in flexural quality is 34.97% over typical SCC for the fiber substance of 1.75%. Krishna Rao [8]. Deals on steel fiber strengthened selfcompacting concrete consolidating class f fly fiery remains. Steel filaments goes about as an extension to impede their splits engendering, and improve a few qualities and properties of the solid. Filaments are known to fundamentally influence the functionality of cement. Thusly, an examination was performed to think about the properties of plain ordinary compacting concrete (NCC) and SCC with steel fiber. Ten SCC blends and one NCC were examined in this investigation. The substance of the cementations materials was looked after consistent (600 kg/m3), while the water/cementations material proportion is kept steady 0.31. One compacting blends had a bond substitution of 35% by weight of Class F fly fiery remains. The factors in this investigation were viewpoint proportion (0, 15, 25 and 35) and level of volume division (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) of steel strands. Droop stream time and distance across, J-Ring, V-pipe, and L-Box were performed to evaluate the new properties of the solid. Flexural quality of the solid was resolved for the solidified properties. Muthupriya et al. [9] deals with quality examination on fibre strengthened self-compacting concrete with fly cinder. Selfcompacting concrete (SCC) blends are delivered by supplanting the bond with 30%, 40% and half of ground granulated impact heater slag, fly fiery remains and with expansion of polypropylene
engineered fibre of 0.05% and 0.10% to the SCC concrete. Super plasticizer utilized in this examination is Glenium B233 and its dose is 2% to get the required SCC blend. Crisp solid Examples, for example, shapes, barrels and crystals were threw and tried for different blend extents to think about the mechanical properties, for example, compressive quality, at various periods of cement, for example, 7 days, and 28 days. Abukhashaba et al. [10] deals with the six blends with water-cover proportion (w/b) of 0.45 were led. Droop stream and L-box were performed to evaluate PPF impact on usefulness. A correlation was done among the conduct of SCFRC blends regarding fc, fc-advancement. New solid Specimens, for example, 3D squares, barrels and crystals were throwing and tried for different blend extents to contemplate the mechanical properties, for example, compressive quality, at various times of cement, for example, 7 days, and 28 days. Ponikiewski [11]. In the paper the essential impact patterns of various piece and properties of steel filaments on new blend and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural quality exploring in various length of precast pillars) of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Discourse about the outcomes covers instrument of filaments impact on mechanical viability of embellishment precast shafts. Introduced relations can be utilized for choosing of ideal admixtures in nearness of steel strands, just as for control of properties of crisp SCC containing filaments. The examination has appeared negative impact of strands included to solid blend its rheological properties and functionality. Ideal expansion of super plasticizers (SP) improves its properties, and ends up positive as an added substance to concrete blends. Warudhkar [12] the exploratory examination in this is expected to learn conduct of tor steel fortification filaments (TSRF) in flexural for use in M20 evaluation of cement. Improvement in flexural quality and decrease in wastage can be surveyed viably by the investigation of torque steel fortified strands. The testing program includes 27 solid shaft examples and 18 solid 3D shape examples of the M20 evaluation of concrete, structured according to IS 10262-1982 and ACI blend plan techniques. Each 3D shape (150 150 150 mm) and pillar specimen (size700 150 150 mm) speaking to the conduct of cement in pressure and strain. Flexural quality performed on ordinary con-
Table 3 Comparision Flexural strength using Glass fibre. S.NO
Author
Material used
Grade of concrete
1
Sheril and Ghousia [13]
Glass fibre
M30
2
K. Rubini
Glass fibre
M25
3
Manohar [15]
Glass Fibre
M40
4
Bharathi Murugan and Haridhara (2017)
Glass Fibre
M30
5
Kasthuri et al. [17]
Glass Fibre
M30
6
Rajeshkumar and Mahendran [18]
Glass Fibre
M35
% of material
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.03 0.06
Flexural Strength 7 Days
28 Days
2.1 1.98 2.79 2.18 2.85 3.5 3.55 3.59 8.6 10.6 11.21 12.35 12.87 4.8 5.06 5.11 5.43 1.6 2.1 2.4 3.2 4.6 5.23 5.59
2.3 2.43 3.17 3.08 3.82 4.23 4.27 4.32 9.1 11.8 12 12.7 12.9 5.33 5.51 5.69 5.87 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.7 5.12 6.31 7.97
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
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crete and cement blended with 8 mm and 10 mm distance across TSRF by 1% of strands to the volume of concrete, subsequent to relieving for 28 days. Sheril and Ghousia [13] manages self-compacting solid utilizing fly slag and glass fiber. The endeavour has been made to make a relative report on the new and solidified state properties of M20 and M30 evaluations of cement blends of (SCC) and glass fibre strengthened. The SCC and glass fibre blends had a concrete substitution of 25% fly fiery remains and expansion of glass fiber at 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.2% on complete volume of blend. Pressure (quality of 7 and 28 days), flexural and split rigidity tests were done. GFRSCC with 0.1% glass fiber indicated considerable increment in the flexural quality than different examples the flexural quality of bars for 28 days are 2.30, 2.43, 3.17, and 3.08. Rubini [14] glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) comprises of concrete, fortified with Alkali Resistant Glass Fibers which produce a slim, lightweight, yet solid material. High compressive and flexural qualities, capacity to recreate fine surface subtleties, low upkeep necessities, low coefficients of warm extension, high imperviousness to fire, by watching the above test outcomes, it is reasoned that the S2 example (12% of Silica Fume and 0.5% of Glass Fiber) acquires Flexural quality contrasted with different blends taken. Manohar [15] bargains on quality attributes of glass fiber strengthened (SCC) with fly cinder and silica rage. The present work manages the functionality and quality examinations on glass fiber strengthened self-compacting cement of evaluation M40 with fly fiery debris and silica seethe. The blend extents for (SCC) were landed at by performing blend structure and after that adjusting utilizing EFNARC rules. The concrete was supplanted by 20% fly fiery remains and 12% silica smolder by weight. Expansion of glass filaments expanded the 7 days flexural quality contrasted with the reference (blend with no glass strands) yet the expansion was not critical. There was moderate (15–21%) expansion in 28 days flexural quality when strands were added with respect to the reference blend. Haridhara et al. [16] manages impact of glass fiber on new and solidified properties of self-compacting concrete. Glass filaments were included for five diverse of volume portions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.6%) to SCC concrete. The new condition of cement is described by droop stream. The solidified properties of SCC glass fiber fortified cement were upgraded, due to spanning the previous smaller scale splits in cement by glass fiber expansion. The rate increment in quality. Kasthuri et al. [17] bargains on examination among quality and strength of glass fiber fortified self-compacting concrete with ordinary cement. In this examination, expansion of four diverse volume portions of glass strands viz. 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% on a M30 grade SCC was explored. For testing the main properties of SCC (GFRSCC) in new state, droop stream, L-box and V-pipe tests were led. In this paper, the outcomes acquired on the new and solidified properties of SCC with and without glass strands are exhibited. The normal 7 days compressive, split ductile and flexural qualities of SCC are 2.2, 2.6 and 3.1 K. Rajeshkumar and Mahendran [18] takes a shot at exploratory examinations on quality, strength and conduct of pillar utilizing SCC with E.GLASS fiber strands. The glass fiber is added to the blend in different level of 0, 0.03 and 0.06. For testing the properties SCC (GFRSCC) in crisp state, droop stream, L-box and V-pipe tests were led. In this paper, the outcomes got on the crisp and solidified properties of SCC with and without glass filaments are introduced. For 28 days the flexural quality test is 5.12, 6.31, and 7.97 separately Oucief et al. [19] In order to strengthen the matrix, the specific fibre spacing must be decreased to reduce the allowable flaw size. This may be achieved by using short fibres (l = 20 mm). A clear synergy was observed in the hybrid self-compacting concrete containing steel fibers (l = 20 mm) and pp fibers, an improvement of 15% in compressive strength, 53% in MOR, and 62_313% in toughness
indices was obtained for pp-amorphous steel fiber (l = 20 mm) hybrid composite compared to unreinforced self-compacting concrete. Granju et al. [20] it was seen that, fuse of HVFA diminished the water prerequisite of an SCC blend. At the end of the day, utilizing high-volumes of a coarse and unacceptable FA expanded the usefulness qualities of SCC blends. Then again, utilizing the coarse FA made critical quality misfortunes the SCC blends, as they were utilized in high-volumes. The compressive quality decrease because of lower pozzolanic action of the FA was halfway off-set by the utilization of littler measured SF2 type steel strands. Concerning the part rigidity, the more drawn out filaments with snared closes, for example SF1 filaments were progressively successful in describing the rigidity of cement. Consequently, it could be inferred that the fiber geometry influenced the properties of SCC blends in the solidified state as well as in the fresh state. Widodo [21] The hardened properties test results shows that compressive, tensile strength, and impact resistance of concrete specimens increase with an increase of fiber content up to 0.10 percent of the volume fraction, and then tend to decrease after 0.15 percent of polypropylene fiber addition. This could be accomplished, because of the way that polypropylene fiber spans micro cracks of which development can be controlled. This prompts a higher quality of the composite. When the fibers addition passes over 0.15 percent by concrete volume, the instability of the concrete specimens which was realized earlier in the fresh concrete tests could have probably led to a decrease in concrete strength. Kamala [22] The expansion of either steel or polypropylene was seen to upgrade the new properties of self-compacted concrete by diminishing the bleeding. The ideal substance for polypropylene fiber was 1% of bond weight while, the ideal substance for steel fiber was 0.75% by concrete weight. Utilizing the polypropylene strands expanded the 28 days compressive quality by 13% free of the fiber substance contrasted with the control self-compacted solid blend without fiber expansion. Utilizing the steel filaments expanded the multi day compressive quality by 37% free of the fiber substance contrasted with the control self-compacted solid blend without fiber expansion. The effect opposition regarding the quantity of drops expected to cause the crack of test examples was expanded by 22% and 67% when polypropylene and steel strands were utilized, individually. While the control blend test examples bombed all of a sudden in flexure and effect, the partner examples contain strands flopped in a malleable way, and disappointment was joined by a few breaks. 3. Comparison of results The flexural strength of polypropylene is slight differ between 7 days and 28 days. The above results taken from various experimental studies, based on that high flexural strength obtained 1% of fiber added into the concrete. The flexural strength of 28 days treated sample is better as compare to the 7 days. The flexural strength of the polypropylene is increases gradually with addition weight percentage of fiber. The above graph shows that flexural strength reaches maximum at 1.5%. It was mentioned by the manohar et al. 4. Conclusion In this study M-sand content in SCC mix beam have shown better mechanical performance in terms of compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. From this study it is evident that the inclusion of M-sand in SCC beams significantly reduces the shear cracking in SCC beams and enhanced the mechanical performance of beams in terms of its flexural strength. But when compared to R-
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
B. Ramesh et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
sand M-sand has lower flexural and tensile strength and this study concluded that Manufactured sand will be used for low cost constructions with better mechanical behaviour. CRediT authorship contribution statement B. Ramesh: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration. V. Gokulnath: Resources, Data curation, Validation, Investigation. S.Vishal Krishnan: Methodology, Software, Writing - original draft, Formal analysis. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] Faiz A. Mirza, Ayman G. Abdel-Rhaman, Performance of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Self- Compacting Lightweight Concrete in Hardened State Mixes with different fibre, Civil Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box: 6298, 2016. [2] Yogesh S. Kanade, Shailesh S Angalekar, 2015 works on study of effectiveness of range of Polypropylene fibres in self compacting concrete. Volume II, Issue VI, June 2015 IJRSI ISSN 2321 [3] N.S. Arabi, Al Qadi, M. Sleiman, et al., Effect of fibre content and specimen shape on residual strength of polypropylene fibre of self-compacting concrete, Eng. Sci. 26 (2014) 33–39. [4] B. Sandhya Rani, N. Priyanka, Self-compacting concrete using polypropylene fibre, Int. J. Res. Stud. Sci., Eng. Technol. 4 (1) (2017) 16–19. [5] Milind V. Mohod, Performance of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, IOSR J. Mech. Civil Eng. (IOSR-JMCE) 12 (1) (2015) 28–36, ISSN: 2278-1684, pISSN: 2320-334X. [6] Fawra Alradhawi, Experimental investigation of use polypropylene fibers in self-compacting concrete, Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol. (IJETT) 57 (1) (2018).
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[7] Pawase Amit Bajirao, S.A. Bhalchandra, Performance of steel fibre reinforced self compacting concrete, Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res. 2 (4) (2012). [8] B. Krishna Rao et al., 2010 deals on steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete incorporating class F fly ash, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 2 (9) (2010) 4936–4943. [9] P. Muthupriya, N.V. Manjunath, B. Keerdhana, Strength study on fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash, Int. J. Adv. Struct. Geotech. Eng. 03 (02) (2014). [10] Mohamed I. Abukhashaba, Mostafa A. Mostafa, Ihab A. Adam, Behavior of selfcompacting fibre reinforced concrete containing cement, Alexandria Eng. J. 53 (2014) 341–354. [11] Tomasz Ponikiewski, Properties of steel fiber reinforced self comapcting concrete, Civil Eng. 65 (2013) 290–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. proeng.2013.09.045. [12] Abhijit Warudhkar, Flexural strength of concrete using tor steel fortification filaments (TSRF) in flexural, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 3 (6) (2013) 1580–1586. [13] Shahana Sheril, P.T. Ghousia, Self-compacting concrete using fly ash and glass fibre, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 2 (9) (2013), ISSN: 2278-0181. [14] K. Rubini, An experimental study on self consolidating concrete with silica fume and glass fibre, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 5 (12) (2016), http:// www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV5IS120296. [15] Manohar, Strength characteristics of glass fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash and silica fume, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 4 (08) (2015), ISSN: 2278-0181. [16] M.K. Haridhara et al., Influence of glass fiber on fresh and hardened properties of self compacting concrete, IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci. 80 (2004) 012004. [17] M. Kasthuri, A. Harini, et al., Comparison between strength and durability of glass fibre reinforced self compacting concrete with normal concrete, Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. 6 (2) (2017), ISSN(Online): 2319-875. [18] K. Rajeshkumar, N. Mahendran, Experimental studies on strength, durability and behaviour of beam using SCC with E, Glassfibre Strands 2 (4) (2013). [19] H. Oucief, M.F. Habita, B. Redjel, Hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete: hardened properties, Constr. Build. Mater. 4 (2006) 77–85. [20] J.L. Granju, V. Sabatier, M. Alcantara, 2004. Hybrid fiber reinforcement of ordinary or selfcompacting concrete BEFIB 2004, 20-22, Varenne (Italie). [21] Slamet Widodo, Fresh and hardened properties of polypropylene fiber added, Int. J. Civil Struct. Engg. 3 (2012) 85–93. [22] Mounir M. Kamala et al., Mechanical properties of self-compacted fiber concrete mixes, HBRC J. 10 (2013) 25–34.
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of M-sand B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath, S.Vishal Krishnan ⇑ Department of Civil Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 4 November 2019 Received in revised form 26 November 2019 Accepted 29 November 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: Self-compacting concrete Polypropylene fiber Manufactured sand Chemical admixture (super plasticizer)
a b s t r a c t Self-Compacting concrete (SCC) is a high – performance concrete that can flow under its own weight to completely fill the form work and self-consolidates without any mechanical vibration. Many research had been done in investigating the auxiliary execution of fiber reinforced self compacting concrete because of the improved building and mechanical properties. The consolidation of steel filaments in the blend has been found to improve the solidified properties of self-compacting concrete as far as its elasticity, malleability, durability, vitality assimilation limit and just as break sturdiness. The goal of this paper is to survey the work done by past scientists on the exhibition of fiber reinforced self compacting concrete in piece structures. The information could be utilized as a guide in growing the utilization of self compacting concrete as the fundamental material in the development of construction components. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
1. Introduction Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is also known as selfconsolidating concrete. The concrete that can be compacted by its own weight without any vibrators. SCC is a non-segregating concrete due to high binder content and flowable one. It will place and adjust at any place by its self-weight. SCC is an extremely fluid mix it has good segregation, high deformability and has the low yield stress. It has the good passing ability to flow the concrete easily to the corners of the area without using any compactors and vibrators. SCC is usually similar to standard concrete in terms of its setting and curing time (gaining strength), and strength. SCC gains its fluid properties by usually high proportion of fine aggregates such as sand and also additive of some admixtures to settle the concrete. In this project, the investigations were carried out on the M25 grade SCC, prepared using four different ratios (0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2%) of polypropylene fibre and a water cement ratio of 0.45. The size of the polypropylene fibre is 5 mm. L-Box, U-Box, V-Funnel and J-Ring tests were performed to determine the properties of the fresh polypropylene fibre reinforced concrete produced using river sand and manufacture sand. Also, the
⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (V. Gokulnath), [email protected] (S. Krishnan).
properties of hardened concrete were investigated through the flexural strength test Tables 1–3.
2. Process study Mirza and Abdel-Rhaman [1] Deals with the Performance of polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete in Hardened State Mixes with different fibre volume fractions (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%) at different levels of fly ash (0.0, 10, 20 and 30%) as a replacement by weight of cement were prepared and tested. Polypropylene fibres have a little effect on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of. Materials required ordinary Portland cement, fly ash, fine aggregates, polypropylene fibre, and super plasticizer. Flexural strength of the concrete was tested at 28 days; the test results show that polypropylene fibres have slightly negative impact on flexural strength of the material. For example, at 10% FA the flexural strength was 3.51, 3.52 and 3.24 MPa for 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 percent PP fibres, respectively. Angelika et al. Works on study of effectiveness of range of polypropylene fibres in self compacting concrete. In this article the polypropylene fibre is added in various percentage of 0, 0.9, 1.35 and 1.8 kg/m3. Tests involving various fibre proportions for a particular mix of SCC. Compression strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 7 days is 2.548, 2.524, 2.518
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
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Table 1 Comparison of Flexural strength using polypropylene Fibers. S.NO
Author
Material Used
Grade Concrete
% of Material
1
Kanade et al. [2]
Polypropylene Fiber
M20
2
Arabi et al. [3]
Polypropylene Fiber
M40
3
Sandhya Rani and Priyanka [4]
Polypropylene Fiber
M30
4
Mohod [5]
Polypropylene Fiber
M25
5
Hawra Alradhawi (2014)
Polypropylene Fiber
M25
0 0.9 1.3 1.8 0 0.005 0.1 0.15 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Flexural Strength 7 days
28 days
2.548 2.524 2.518 2.488 5.26 5.30 5.31 5.46 6.25 6.63 7 7.88 6.88 6.5 3.36 3.29 3.1 2.69 2.87 3.36 3.42 3.55 3.78 3.92
2.53 2.554 2.497 2.435 5.22 5.6 5.68 5.17 5.75 7.38 8 8.25 8.38 6.88 4.6 4.97 4.39 4.87 3.84 4.91 5.67 5.51 5.29 5.12
Table 2 Comparision Flexural strength using steel fibre. S.NO
Author
Material Used
Grade of concrete
1
Bajirao and Bhalchandra [7]
Steel fibre
M50
2
Krishna Rao [8]
Steel fibre
M40
3
Muthupriya et al. [9]
Steel fibre
M40
4
Abukhashaba et al. [10]
Steel fibre
M20
5
Ponikiewski [11]
Steel fibre
M30
6
Abhijit Warudkar (2012)
Steel fibre
M20
and 2.488 respectively. As similar 28 days of 2.530, 2.554, 2.497, and 2.435 respectively. Arabi et al. [3]. Deals on the effect of fibre content and the specimen shape on residual strength of polypropylene fibre. The percentage of fibre is added to the SCC is 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15% of cement. Test methods are used to study the properties of fresh concrete. Flexural strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 28 days is 5.22, 5.60, 5.68 and 5.17. The maximum strength obtained at 0.05 percentage of fibre. Sandhya Rani and Priyanka [4] works with self-compacting solid utilizing polypropylene fibre. From prior investigations the most extreme substitution should be possible up to 40% in SCC with fly fiery remains without influencing the solidified and mechanical properties of cement. The most extreme amount of fibre can be utilized in SCC was 0.75% to 1% of the all-out bond content per blend. The fibre substitution
% of material
0 0.5 1 1.5 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.5 1 1.5 2 0.5
Flexural Strength 7 Days
28 Days
4.31 4.46 4.63 4.74 6.98 8.34 8.41 2.5 4.88 4.78 4.36 2.58 3.32 2.74 2.56 2.86 4.96 4.63 4.62 4.15 3.29
5.29 5.55 5.86 5.94 7.78 8.81 8.87 3 5.47 4.92 4.4 3.79 4.15 3.74 3.48 3.76 6.35 5.52 8.85 9.98 3.93
rates are 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0%, 1.25%. Also, the water concrete proportion is fixed to 0.45 %and the result for both 7 days and 28 days test is 6.25, 6.63, 7.0, 7.88, 6.88, 6.5 and 5.75, 7.38, 8.0, 8.25, 8.38, 6.88. Mohod [5] works with self-compacting solid utilizing polypropylene fiber. From prior investigations the most extreme substitution should be possible up to 40% in SCC with fly fiery remains without influencing the solidified and mechanical properties of cement. The percentage of fibres added is 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2%.Flexural strength is conducted for 7 days and 28 days. The strength for 28 days is 3.36, 3.29, 3.10, 2.69, 2.87, 4.60, 4.97, 4.39, 4.87, and 3.84 respectively. In this the maximum strength is increased at 0.5% of the concrete [6]. Hawra Alradhawi In this study investigates the effects of the use of polypropylene fibres as reinforcement on the mechanical and durability properties of
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
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M25 grade self-compacting concrete. Fresh characteristics are evaluated using V funnel. The hardened properties are tested under 7- and 14-days flexural strength after (28) days, Polypropylene fibres give better flexural resistance about 15.5% maximum at (12) mm length fibres, as well improvement in surface porosity and water permeability. Bajirao and Bhalchandra [7] examined on the flexural quality on the solid light emissions of oneself compacting solid utilizing steel fibre fortification of self-compacting concrete. Materials utilized conventional Portland bond of 53 grade, Natural sand from stream Godavari and regular totals were utilized for arrangement of cement. A flexural test was performed on standard light emissions and PFSCC (polypropylene fiber) of size following 7 days and 28 days of drenching in water for restoring. In the wake of finishing the 28 days the shafts are tried and increment in flexural quality is 34.97% over typical SCC for the fiber substance of 1.75%. Krishna Rao [8]. Deals on steel fiber strengthened selfcompacting concrete consolidating class f fly fiery remains. Steel filaments goes about as an extension to impede their splits engendering, and improve a few qualities and properties of the solid. Filaments are known to fundamentally influence the functionality of cement. Thusly, an examination was performed to think about the properties of plain ordinary compacting concrete (NCC) and SCC with steel fiber. Ten SCC blends and one NCC were examined in this investigation. The substance of the cementations materials was looked after consistent (600 kg/m3), while the water/cementations material proportion is kept steady 0.31. One compacting blends had a bond substitution of 35% by weight of Class F fly fiery remains. The factors in this investigation were viewpoint proportion (0, 15, 25 and 35) and level of volume division (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) of steel strands. Droop stream time and distance across, J-Ring, V-pipe, and L-Box were performed to evaluate the new properties of the solid. Flexural quality of the solid was resolved for the solidified properties. Muthupriya et al. [9] deals with quality examination on fibre strengthened self-compacting concrete with fly cinder. Selfcompacting concrete (SCC) blends are delivered by supplanting the bond with 30%, 40% and half of ground granulated impact heater slag, fly fiery remains and with expansion of polypropylene
engineered fibre of 0.05% and 0.10% to the SCC concrete. Super plasticizer utilized in this examination is Glenium B233 and its dose is 2% to get the required SCC blend. Crisp solid Examples, for example, shapes, barrels and crystals were threw and tried for different blend extents to think about the mechanical properties, for example, compressive quality, at various periods of cement, for example, 7 days, and 28 days. Abukhashaba et al. [10] deals with the six blends with water-cover proportion (w/b) of 0.45 were led. Droop stream and L-box were performed to evaluate PPF impact on usefulness. A correlation was done among the conduct of SCFRC blends regarding fc, fc-advancement. New solid Specimens, for example, 3D squares, barrels and crystals were throwing and tried for different blend extents to contemplate the mechanical properties, for example, compressive quality, at various times of cement, for example, 7 days, and 28 days. Ponikiewski [11]. In the paper the essential impact patterns of various piece and properties of steel filaments on new blend and mechanical properties (compressive and flexural quality exploring in various length of precast pillars) of Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC). Discourse about the outcomes covers instrument of filaments impact on mechanical viability of embellishment precast shafts. Introduced relations can be utilized for choosing of ideal admixtures in nearness of steel strands, just as for control of properties of crisp SCC containing filaments. The examination has appeared negative impact of strands included to solid blend its rheological properties and functionality. Ideal expansion of super plasticizers (SP) improves its properties, and ends up positive as an added substance to concrete blends. Warudhkar [12] the exploratory examination in this is expected to learn conduct of tor steel fortification filaments (TSRF) in flexural for use in M20 evaluation of cement. Improvement in flexural quality and decrease in wastage can be surveyed viably by the investigation of torque steel fortified strands. The testing program includes 27 solid shaft examples and 18 solid 3D shape examples of the M20 evaluation of concrete, structured according to IS 10262-1982 and ACI blend plan techniques. Each 3D shape (150 150 150 mm) and pillar specimen (size700 150 150 mm) speaking to the conduct of cement in pressure and strain. Flexural quality performed on ordinary con-
Table 3 Comparision Flexural strength using Glass fibre. S.NO
Author
Material used
Grade of concrete
1
Sheril and Ghousia [13]
Glass fibre
M30
2
K. Rubini
Glass fibre
M25
3
Manohar [15]
Glass Fibre
M40
4
Bharathi Murugan and Haridhara (2017)
Glass Fibre
M30
5
Kasthuri et al. [17]
Glass Fibre
M30
6
Rajeshkumar and Mahendran [18]
Glass Fibre
M35
% of material
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.5 1 1.5 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0 0.03 0.06
Flexural Strength 7 Days
28 Days
2.1 1.98 2.79 2.18 2.85 3.5 3.55 3.59 8.6 10.6 11.21 12.35 12.87 4.8 5.06 5.11 5.43 1.6 2.1 2.4 3.2 4.6 5.23 5.59
2.3 2.43 3.17 3.08 3.82 4.23 4.27 4.32 9.1 11.8 12 12.7 12.9 5.33 5.51 5.69 5.87 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.7 5.12 6.31 7.97
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
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crete and cement blended with 8 mm and 10 mm distance across TSRF by 1% of strands to the volume of concrete, subsequent to relieving for 28 days. Sheril and Ghousia [13] manages self-compacting solid utilizing fly slag and glass fiber. The endeavour has been made to make a relative report on the new and solidified state properties of M20 and M30 evaluations of cement blends of (SCC) and glass fibre strengthened. The SCC and glass fibre blends had a concrete substitution of 25% fly fiery remains and expansion of glass fiber at 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.2% on complete volume of blend. Pressure (quality of 7 and 28 days), flexural and split rigidity tests were done. GFRSCC with 0.1% glass fiber indicated considerable increment in the flexural quality than different examples the flexural quality of bars for 28 days are 2.30, 2.43, 3.17, and 3.08. Rubini [14] glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) comprises of concrete, fortified with Alkali Resistant Glass Fibers which produce a slim, lightweight, yet solid material. High compressive and flexural qualities, capacity to recreate fine surface subtleties, low upkeep necessities, low coefficients of warm extension, high imperviousness to fire, by watching the above test outcomes, it is reasoned that the S2 example (12% of Silica Fume and 0.5% of Glass Fiber) acquires Flexural quality contrasted with different blends taken. Manohar [15] bargains on quality attributes of glass fiber strengthened (SCC) with fly cinder and silica rage. The present work manages the functionality and quality examinations on glass fiber strengthened self-compacting cement of evaluation M40 with fly fiery debris and silica seethe. The blend extents for (SCC) were landed at by performing blend structure and after that adjusting utilizing EFNARC rules. The concrete was supplanted by 20% fly fiery remains and 12% silica smolder by weight. Expansion of glass filaments expanded the 7 days flexural quality contrasted with the reference (blend with no glass strands) yet the expansion was not critical. There was moderate (15–21%) expansion in 28 days flexural quality when strands were added with respect to the reference blend. Haridhara et al. [16] manages impact of glass fiber on new and solidified properties of self-compacting concrete. Glass filaments were included for five diverse of volume portions (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.6%) to SCC concrete. The new condition of cement is described by droop stream. The solidified properties of SCC glass fiber fortified cement were upgraded, due to spanning the previous smaller scale splits in cement by glass fiber expansion. The rate increment in quality. Kasthuri et al. [17] bargains on examination among quality and strength of glass fiber fortified self-compacting concrete with ordinary cement. In this examination, expansion of four diverse volume portions of glass strands viz. 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% and 0.20% on a M30 grade SCC was explored. For testing the main properties of SCC (GFRSCC) in new state, droop stream, L-box and V-pipe tests were led. In this paper, the outcomes acquired on the new and solidified properties of SCC with and without glass strands are exhibited. The normal 7 days compressive, split ductile and flexural qualities of SCC are 2.2, 2.6 and 3.1 K. Rajeshkumar and Mahendran [18] takes a shot at exploratory examinations on quality, strength and conduct of pillar utilizing SCC with E.GLASS fiber strands. The glass fiber is added to the blend in different level of 0, 0.03 and 0.06. For testing the properties SCC (GFRSCC) in crisp state, droop stream, L-box and V-pipe tests were led. In this paper, the outcomes got on the crisp and solidified properties of SCC with and without glass filaments are introduced. For 28 days the flexural quality test is 5.12, 6.31, and 7.97 separately Oucief et al. [19] In order to strengthen the matrix, the specific fibre spacing must be decreased to reduce the allowable flaw size. This may be achieved by using short fibres (l = 20 mm). A clear synergy was observed in the hybrid self-compacting concrete containing steel fibers (l = 20 mm) and pp fibers, an improvement of 15% in compressive strength, 53% in MOR, and 62_313% in toughness
indices was obtained for pp-amorphous steel fiber (l = 20 mm) hybrid composite compared to unreinforced self-compacting concrete. Granju et al. [20] it was seen that, fuse of HVFA diminished the water prerequisite of an SCC blend. At the end of the day, utilizing high-volumes of a coarse and unacceptable FA expanded the usefulness qualities of SCC blends. Then again, utilizing the coarse FA made critical quality misfortunes the SCC blends, as they were utilized in high-volumes. The compressive quality decrease because of lower pozzolanic action of the FA was halfway off-set by the utilization of littler measured SF2 type steel strands. Concerning the part rigidity, the more drawn out filaments with snared closes, for example SF1 filaments were progressively successful in describing the rigidity of cement. Consequently, it could be inferred that the fiber geometry influenced the properties of SCC blends in the solidified state as well as in the fresh state. Widodo [21] The hardened properties test results shows that compressive, tensile strength, and impact resistance of concrete specimens increase with an increase of fiber content up to 0.10 percent of the volume fraction, and then tend to decrease after 0.15 percent of polypropylene fiber addition. This could be accomplished, because of the way that polypropylene fiber spans micro cracks of which development can be controlled. This prompts a higher quality of the composite. When the fibers addition passes over 0.15 percent by concrete volume, the instability of the concrete specimens which was realized earlier in the fresh concrete tests could have probably led to a decrease in concrete strength. Kamala [22] The expansion of either steel or polypropylene was seen to upgrade the new properties of self-compacted concrete by diminishing the bleeding. The ideal substance for polypropylene fiber was 1% of bond weight while, the ideal substance for steel fiber was 0.75% by concrete weight. Utilizing the polypropylene strands expanded the 28 days compressive quality by 13% free of the fiber substance contrasted with the control self-compacted solid blend without fiber expansion. Utilizing the steel filaments expanded the multi day compressive quality by 37% free of the fiber substance contrasted with the control self-compacted solid blend without fiber expansion. The effect opposition regarding the quantity of drops expected to cause the crack of test examples was expanded by 22% and 67% when polypropylene and steel strands were utilized, individually. While the control blend test examples bombed all of a sudden in flexure and effect, the partner examples contain strands flopped in a malleable way, and disappointment was joined by a few breaks. 3. Comparison of results The flexural strength of polypropylene is slight differ between 7 days and 28 days. The above results taken from various experimental studies, based on that high flexural strength obtained 1% of fiber added into the concrete. The flexural strength of 28 days treated sample is better as compare to the 7 days. The flexural strength of the polypropylene is increases gradually with addition weight percentage of fiber. The above graph shows that flexural strength reaches maximum at 1.5%. It was mentioned by the manohar et al. 4. Conclusion In this study M-sand content in SCC mix beam have shown better mechanical performance in terms of compressive, flexural and split tensile strengths. From this study it is evident that the inclusion of M-sand in SCC beams significantly reduces the shear cracking in SCC beams and enhanced the mechanical performance of beams in terms of its flexural strength. But when compared to R-
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313
B. Ramesh et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
sand M-sand has lower flexural and tensile strength and this study concluded that Manufactured sand will be used for low cost constructions with better mechanical behaviour. CRediT authorship contribution statement B. Ramesh: Conceptualization, Supervision, Project administration. V. Gokulnath: Resources, Data curation, Validation, Investigation. S.Vishal Krishnan: Methodology, Software, Writing - original draft, Formal analysis. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] Faiz A. Mirza, Ayman G. Abdel-Rhaman, Performance of Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced Self- Compacting Lightweight Concrete in Hardened State Mixes with different fibre, Civil Engineering Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box: 6298, 2016. [2] Yogesh S. Kanade, Shailesh S Angalekar, 2015 works on study of effectiveness of range of Polypropylene fibres in self compacting concrete. Volume II, Issue VI, June 2015 IJRSI ISSN 2321 [3] N.S. Arabi, Al Qadi, M. Sleiman, et al., Effect of fibre content and specimen shape on residual strength of polypropylene fibre of self-compacting concrete, Eng. Sci. 26 (2014) 33–39. [4] B. Sandhya Rani, N. Priyanka, Self-compacting concrete using polypropylene fibre, Int. J. Res. Stud. Sci., Eng. Technol. 4 (1) (2017) 16–19. [5] Milind V. Mohod, Performance of polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete, IOSR J. Mech. Civil Eng. (IOSR-JMCE) 12 (1) (2015) 28–36, ISSN: 2278-1684, pISSN: 2320-334X. [6] Fawra Alradhawi, Experimental investigation of use polypropylene fibers in self-compacting concrete, Int. J. Eng. Trends Technol. (IJETT) 57 (1) (2018).
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[7] Pawase Amit Bajirao, S.A. Bhalchandra, Performance of steel fibre reinforced self compacting concrete, Int. J. Comput. Eng. Res. 2 (4) (2012). [8] B. Krishna Rao et al., 2010 deals on steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete incorporating class F fly ash, Int. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 2 (9) (2010) 4936–4943. [9] P. Muthupriya, N.V. Manjunath, B. Keerdhana, Strength study on fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash, Int. J. Adv. Struct. Geotech. Eng. 03 (02) (2014). [10] Mohamed I. Abukhashaba, Mostafa A. Mostafa, Ihab A. Adam, Behavior of selfcompacting fibre reinforced concrete containing cement, Alexandria Eng. J. 53 (2014) 341–354. [11] Tomasz Ponikiewski, Properties of steel fiber reinforced self comapcting concrete, Civil Eng. 65 (2013) 290–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. proeng.2013.09.045. [12] Abhijit Warudhkar, Flexural strength of concrete using tor steel fortification filaments (TSRF) in flexural, Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 3 (6) (2013) 1580–1586. [13] Shahana Sheril, P.T. Ghousia, Self-compacting concrete using fly ash and glass fibre, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 2 (9) (2013), ISSN: 2278-0181. [14] K. Rubini, An experimental study on self consolidating concrete with silica fume and glass fibre, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 5 (12) (2016), http:// www.ijert.org ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV5IS120296. [15] Manohar, Strength characteristics of glass fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete with fly ash and silica fume, Int. J. Eng. Res. Technol. (IJERT) 4 (08) (2015), ISSN: 2278-0181. [16] M.K. Haridhara et al., Influence of glass fiber on fresh and hardened properties of self compacting concrete, IOP Conf. Series: Earth Environ. Sci. 80 (2004) 012004. [17] M. Kasthuri, A. Harini, et al., Comparison between strength and durability of glass fibre reinforced self compacting concrete with normal concrete, Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. 6 (2) (2017), ISSN(Online): 2319-875. [18] K. Rajeshkumar, N. Mahendran, Experimental studies on strength, durability and behaviour of beam using SCC with E, Glassfibre Strands 2 (4) (2013). [19] H. Oucief, M.F. Habita, B. Redjel, Hybrid fiber reinforced self-compacting concrete: hardened properties, Constr. Build. Mater. 4 (2006) 77–85. [20] J.L. Granju, V. Sabatier, M. Alcantara, 2004. Hybrid fiber reinforcement of ordinary or selfcompacting concrete BEFIB 2004, 20-22, Varenne (Italie). [21] Slamet Widodo, Fresh and hardened properties of polypropylene fiber added, Int. J. Civil Struct. Engg. 3 (2012) 85–93. [22] Mounir M. Kamala et al., Mechanical properties of self-compacted fiber concrete mixes, HBRC J. 10 (2013) 25–34.
Please cite this article as: B. Ramesh, V. Gokulnath and S. V. Krishnan, A review on flexural behaviour of self compacting concrete by the addition of Msand, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.313