- Email: [email protected]
A study of the fatigue allowance for muscular work
2.4.197 (57883)
Garrett, J.W. Anthropometry of the hands of male Air Force flight personnel
Abstr. in US Government Research and Development Reports, Report No. AD-709 883 This report contains descriptions of and data on 56 antb.ropometric dimensions of the hands of one hundred and forty-eight male Air Force flight personnel. Selected dimensional comparisons indicate that this sample is representative of the total group of Air Force flight personnel. Summary statistics presented include the means, standard deviations, ranges, selected percentiles, and coefficients of variation. Also included are data on the age, rank, major Air Command, and ~ommissioned status Of the. sample; a complete matrix of intercorrelations among the anthropometric dimensions; bivariate tables; multiple regression equations; and nomographs for selected combinations of dimensions. A procurement table for the US Air Force 12-size glove programme revised to reflect the latest anthropometric data is presented.
briefly some common defects which he indicates as falling into two main groups: pathological disorders which require skilled medical attention, and non-pathological conditions due to an optical defect of the apparatus of the eye, the results of which can be corrected and assisted by various means, some of which are considered. Regular eye examinations are important especially in persons over forty. In addition to the correction of optical anomalies, good lighting is important for visual comfort. As well as preventing accidents, good lighting installations can prevent fatigue and improve efficiency. All eye injuries should receive prompt hospital treatment.
2.4.200 (57906) Numajiri, K. A study of the fatigue allowance for muscular work
Journal of Science of Labour, 1968, 44.10, 5 6 7 - 5 7 6
Fatigue aUowance for muscular work defined as the ratio between the duration of work and the time necessary for recovery to the resting level of 0 2 intake or pulse-rate after the work, depends upon the intensity 2.4.198(57884) of work, the part of the body used in Garrett, J.W. working and the type of muscular Anthropometry of the Air Force exertion, dynamic or static. The female hand author reported previously some A bstr. in US Government Research results of an experiment on fatigue and Development Reports, Report allowance for leg exertions. The No. AD-710 202 present study was made to determine the fatigue allowance for The report describes 56 anthroposome kinds of leg and arm exertions, metric dimensions measured on the also paying attention to the maximum hands of Air Force female personnel endurance time in them. Step test and (Women in the Air Force, Nurse Corp, bicycle-ergometer riding were adopted and Biomedical Science Corps), aged as leg exertions, and cranking with 1 8 - 5 6 . Summary statistics including both arms, flexion and extension of an the means, standard deviations, ranges, arm and lifting a barbell as arm selected percentiles, measures of extensions. Results: the longest distribution and coefficients of endurance time and the lowest fatigue variation are presented for the fifty-six allowance were obtained for step test, dimensions. Also included are statistical which could be regarded as rather a variations by age, rank and Corps within whole body motion. Bicycle ergometer the sample, a complete correlation riding ranked next to step test, matrix, bivariate tables, and nomographs In bicycle ergometer are used muscles for various selected combinations of far larger than those in arm exertions, dimensions. and the muscle pain was the main limiting factor of endurance time. The endurance time was shorter in arm exertions than in leg exertions, and 2.4.199 (57896) the former required a longer recovery Few, H. time. This seems attributable to the Visual efficiency means safer workers fact that rather small muscles are Industrial Safety, 1970, 16.5, involved in arm exertions and they are 198-199; abstr, in Occupational not well trained. Fatigue allowance Safety and Health Abstracts for arm exertions was in the order of cranking > a r m > e x t e n s i o n ~ a r m After referring to statistical flexion>barbell exercise, and the inquiries which show clearly the endurance time was in the reversed greater accident proneness of workers order. These findings seem to suggest with eye defects, the author discusses that the differences in fatigue
244
Applied Ergonomics December 1971
allowance according to the types of muscular work should be taken into consideration in practical application of fatigue allowance to work management.
Visual displays 2.4.201 (57933)
Cohen, E. and Follert, R.L. Accuracy of interpolation between scale graduations Human Factors, 1970, 12.5, 4 8 1 - 4 8 3 This study is concerned with the accuracy with which subjects can interpolate the position of a pointer or index between two scale graduations. Each of 20 subjects estimated the position of a mark on each of 99 5in. linear, ungraduated scales.Estimates were given in units over the range of 0 - 1 0 0 units. The median error was only 1.5% of the distance between the two marked graduations. Accuracy was greatest at the ends and middle of the scale. The data ~ndicate that interpolation of fifths and even tenths will provide accuracy satisfactory for most situations.
2.4.202 (57938) Fisher, A.J. and Cowl, R.R. The reduction of specular reflections from traffic signs used on lighted roads
Australian Road Research, 1970, 4.4, 3-8 Specular reflections of street lighting lanterns from overhead traffic signs on a lighted expressway have been observed. These reflections reduce the contrast between the sign legend and its background and decrease sign legibility. One method of reducing these troublsome reflections is to use materials having reflecting properties of a matt surface. This paper describes testing techniques and results which can be used in the choice of suitable background materials for road signs used on lighted roads.
2.4.203 (57939) Wake, T. et al Visibility of road signs
Japanese Journal o f Ergono talcs, ] 968, 4.4, 3 1 9 - 3 2 9 This study investigated legibility and readability of road signs under static and dynamic conditions. They were measured by varying the distance between the road sign and subjects. The results showed that (a) there are
Garrett, J.W. Anthropometry of the hands of male Air Force flight personnel
Abstr. in US Government Research and Development Reports, Report No. AD-709 883 This report contains descriptions of and data on 56 antb.ropometric dimensions of the hands of one hundred and forty-eight male Air Force flight personnel. Selected dimensional comparisons indicate that this sample is representative of the total group of Air Force flight personnel. Summary statistics presented include the means, standard deviations, ranges, selected percentiles, and coefficients of variation. Also included are data on the age, rank, major Air Command, and ~ommissioned status Of the. sample; a complete matrix of intercorrelations among the anthropometric dimensions; bivariate tables; multiple regression equations; and nomographs for selected combinations of dimensions. A procurement table for the US Air Force 12-size glove programme revised to reflect the latest anthropometric data is presented.
briefly some common defects which he indicates as falling into two main groups: pathological disorders which require skilled medical attention, and non-pathological conditions due to an optical defect of the apparatus of the eye, the results of which can be corrected and assisted by various means, some of which are considered. Regular eye examinations are important especially in persons over forty. In addition to the correction of optical anomalies, good lighting is important for visual comfort. As well as preventing accidents, good lighting installations can prevent fatigue and improve efficiency. All eye injuries should receive prompt hospital treatment.
2.4.200 (57906) Numajiri, K. A study of the fatigue allowance for muscular work
Journal of Science of Labour, 1968, 44.10, 5 6 7 - 5 7 6
Fatigue aUowance for muscular work defined as the ratio between the duration of work and the time necessary for recovery to the resting level of 0 2 intake or pulse-rate after the work, depends upon the intensity 2.4.198(57884) of work, the part of the body used in Garrett, J.W. working and the type of muscular Anthropometry of the Air Force exertion, dynamic or static. The female hand author reported previously some A bstr. in US Government Research results of an experiment on fatigue and Development Reports, Report allowance for leg exertions. The No. AD-710 202 present study was made to determine the fatigue allowance for The report describes 56 anthroposome kinds of leg and arm exertions, metric dimensions measured on the also paying attention to the maximum hands of Air Force female personnel endurance time in them. Step test and (Women in the Air Force, Nurse Corp, bicycle-ergometer riding were adopted and Biomedical Science Corps), aged as leg exertions, and cranking with 1 8 - 5 6 . Summary statistics including both arms, flexion and extension of an the means, standard deviations, ranges, arm and lifting a barbell as arm selected percentiles, measures of extensions. Results: the longest distribution and coefficients of endurance time and the lowest fatigue variation are presented for the fifty-six allowance were obtained for step test, dimensions. Also included are statistical which could be regarded as rather a variations by age, rank and Corps within whole body motion. Bicycle ergometer the sample, a complete correlation riding ranked next to step test, matrix, bivariate tables, and nomographs In bicycle ergometer are used muscles for various selected combinations of far larger than those in arm exertions, dimensions. and the muscle pain was the main limiting factor of endurance time. The endurance time was shorter in arm exertions than in leg exertions, and 2.4.199 (57896) the former required a longer recovery Few, H. time. This seems attributable to the Visual efficiency means safer workers fact that rather small muscles are Industrial Safety, 1970, 16.5, involved in arm exertions and they are 198-199; abstr, in Occupational not well trained. Fatigue allowance Safety and Health Abstracts for arm exertions was in the order of cranking > a r m > e x t e n s i o n ~ a r m After referring to statistical flexion>barbell exercise, and the inquiries which show clearly the endurance time was in the reversed greater accident proneness of workers order. These findings seem to suggest with eye defects, the author discusses that the differences in fatigue
244
Applied Ergonomics December 1971
allowance according to the types of muscular work should be taken into consideration in practical application of fatigue allowance to work management.
Visual displays 2.4.201 (57933)
Cohen, E. and Follert, R.L. Accuracy of interpolation between scale graduations Human Factors, 1970, 12.5, 4 8 1 - 4 8 3 This study is concerned with the accuracy with which subjects can interpolate the position of a pointer or index between two scale graduations. Each of 20 subjects estimated the position of a mark on each of 99 5in. linear, ungraduated scales.Estimates were given in units over the range of 0 - 1 0 0 units. The median error was only 1.5% of the distance between the two marked graduations. Accuracy was greatest at the ends and middle of the scale. The data ~ndicate that interpolation of fifths and even tenths will provide accuracy satisfactory for most situations.
2.4.202 (57938) Fisher, A.J. and Cowl, R.R. The reduction of specular reflections from traffic signs used on lighted roads
Australian Road Research, 1970, 4.4, 3-8 Specular reflections of street lighting lanterns from overhead traffic signs on a lighted expressway have been observed. These reflections reduce the contrast between the sign legend and its background and decrease sign legibility. One method of reducing these troublsome reflections is to use materials having reflecting properties of a matt surface. This paper describes testing techniques and results which can be used in the choice of suitable background materials for road signs used on lighted roads.
2.4.203 (57939) Wake, T. et al Visibility of road signs
Japanese Journal o f Ergono talcs, ] 968, 4.4, 3 1 9 - 3 2 9 This study investigated legibility and readability of road signs under static and dynamic conditions. They were measured by varying the distance between the road sign and subjects. The results showed that (a) there are