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A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347)
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347) M. Sathish Kumar a,⇑, S. Gopi b, N. Sivashanmugam c, A. Sasikumar b a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641107, India Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, India c Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India b
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 13 November 2019 Received in revised form 23 January 2020 Accepted 25 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: SS 321 SS 347 MIG welding Corrosion & robotic welding Aerospace welding
a b s t r a c t In this work dissimilar weld is obtained between SS 321 and SS 347 through robot guided MIG welding process. The Weldments are subjected to intergranular Corrosion test as per ASTM A262 and studied. Particularly considering the applications in wide range such as chemical storage, exhaust manifolds of automobiles and aircraft, where the surfaces are subjected to corrosive environment is taken for investigation. The specimens were welded with two different electrode wires ER 321 and ER 347. The results found that at 140A welding current and with ER347 there are no intergranular cracks and fissures found. The ER 347 is found to be the best suited electrode when compared to ER321 for welding these dissimilar joints. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress 2019: Materials Science.
1. Introduction In this work, stainless steel grade 321 and 347 is welded using MIG and intergranular corrosion test is conducted. The destruction of material caused because of reaction with its environment towards oxide formation is called corrosion. The definition should be restricted to metals and non-metals for solution of a problem. It can include ceramics, plastics, rubber and other non-metallic materials. For example, deterioration of paint and rubber by sunlight or chemical fluxing of the lining of a steelmaking furnace an attack of a solid metal by another molten metal is all considered to be corrosion. Corrosion can be fast or slow. Extractive metallurgy is concerned primarily with the winning of the metal from the ore and refining use. Most iron ores contain oxides of iron, and rusting of steel by water an oxygen results in a hydrated iron oxide. Rusting is a term reserved for steel and iron corrosion, although many other metals form their oxides when corrosion occurs. It is identified that stabilized austenitic stainless steel such as 347 and 321 are widely used in components designed for high temperature applications like, nuclear reactors, boilers super ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Sathish Kumar).
heaters and chemical reactors [1]. This material can be selected for high temperatures services due to its high creep and intergranular corrosion resistance. However, the services can be considered within the sensitization range of temperatures (450–850 °C) only. The objective of the work is to perform bend test and observe the subsurface corrosive environments through this experiment.
2. Experiment 2.1. Material selection The grade SS347 is chosen as one of the dissimilar parent alloy which is stabilized austenitic stainless steel with addition of niobium. The intermittent temperature is about 800–1650 °F (427–897 °C). It is nonmagnetic. The grade SS321 is another alloy to be welded with 347 which is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel which is similar to SS304 but with titanium addition of at least five times the carbon content. The intermittent temperature is about 800–1500 °F (427–816 °C). It is normally magnetic. This grade is equivalent to SS304 in the annealed condition and stronger if weldments in these grades have not subjected to annealing or if this grade is put in to general service in the 420–900 °C range. Crevice corrosion can occur in warm chloride environments, and
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress 2019: Materials Science.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475
2
M. Sathish Kumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Table 1 Composition of 321/347 grades. Grade 321 321H 347
min. max min. max min. max
C
Mn
Si
P
S
Cr
Mo
Ni
N
Other
– 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.08
2.00
0.75
0.045
0.030
–
0.75
0.045
0.030
2.00
0.75
0.045
0.030
9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 13.0
0.10
2.00
17.0 19.0 17.0 19.0 17.0 19.0
Ti = 5(C + N) 0.70 Ti = 4(C + N) 0.70 Nb = 10(C + N) 1.0
may lead to stress corrosion cracking above 60 °C. The following Table 1 gives the material composition of alloys. 2.2. Applications of these dissimilar alloys This alloys has been extensively used in Expansion joints Spiral Welded tube for burner pipes and flues, Bellows, Woven or welded screens for high temperature mineral processing Furnace parts, Heating element tubing, Heat Exchangers. Due to the above said reasons, their weld characteristics have been studied. The experiment is carried out in robotic gas metal arc welding machine. The specifications of welding setup are DM 350 MIG power source of OTC diahen. The welding torch was attached with a 6 axis OTC diahen robot. The experimental study denotes that MIG weld process provides higher quality welds in a wide variety of metal and alloys. Therefore, it is most commonly used to join stainless steel and other metals [3].The specimen preparation is carried out to get sound welding joints. The specimen size is 100 50 6 mm (two pieces). Butt weld joint is preferred. The specimen is set to resist the degrees of freedom in a welding fixture available. The standard process parameters already optimized is taken for the welding purpose. The welding current is chosen as 160 Amps for welding. The filler wire of two types one is ER 321 and ER347 is taken. The specimens were welded using ER321 and ER 347 separately and subject to corrosion test (Fig. 1). 3. Result and discussions 3.1. Corrosion test The welded specimens were subjected to corrosion test as per ASTM 262 standards. Two specimens were welded one specimen with ER 321 as filler wire and other one with ER347. The test solu-
– –
– –
tion is made of V Acidified Copper sulphate test solution by dissolving 100 gm of Copper sulphate (CUSO45H2O) in 700 ml of distilled water, 100 ml of Sulphur acid (H2SO4, Cp, Sp.gr.1.84) and diluted to 1000 ml with Reagent water The size and total surface area of specimen is as follows Length: 98.12 mm; Width: 20.01 mm; Thick: 9.98 mm; Total surface Area is about 62.8944 cm2. The volume of the test solution is about 600 ml. All the machined surfaces of the specimen were polished using 120 grit emery papers. The specimen is degreased with Acetone. The specimen arrangement is made as Glass cradle containing specimen embedded in copper grindings was suspended in acid solution in boiling condition. The duration of the test is for about 15 h. As per the study made the samples are immersed in a solution made from 1000 ml H2O, 20 g NaCl, and 100 ml HCI (25 wt%). The volume of the solution was given as 8 ml per cm2 for the sample area and the test duration was 2 h [4]. 3.1.1. Testing The bend test is performed on the specimen which is bent through an angle of 180° with a force of 1 Ton using a mandrel of diameter equal to specimen thickness and it was found that no intergranular cracks or fissures observed on the bent surface at 20 magnification. The Fig. 2 shows the bend test performed. The SEM image indicated in Fig. 2 is taken with a working distance of 23.88 mm with 750 magnification having a accelerating voltage of 10 kV. It shows uniform flow of filler material in the weld zone. The clear boundary of the weld specimen and the filler material is observed. P. Sathiya et al. observed that the depth of penetration increased when the welding current is increased but decreased with decrease in voltage and the penetration increased when arc travel rate decreased until it attained a minimum value depends on the arc power [6].The corrosion resistance of weldjoints was evaluated in NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques. He also justified that in the weld metal AWS ER 347, the brittle sigma phase was
Fig. 1. (a) Robotic Welding process and (b) Welding fixture.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475
M. Sathish Kumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 2. (a) Bend test and (b) SEM image.
created, resulting in the decrease of weld-joint corrosion resistance [7]. 4. Conclusions The tests revealed the following conclusions The filler wire ER 347 provides best coalescence with the dissimilar joints SS321 and SS347. There are no intergranular cracks found after the bend test in both the specimens welded with two different fillers. The fissure occurred due to welding current in specimen welded with ER321. Even though, there is a fissure. There are no intergranular cracks found in the joint. At 160 Amp of welding current and filler wire ER 347 the weld joint has maximum corrosion resistance and this is very suitable for application of such dissimilar joints in the corrosive environments. This study can be further made to optimize the welding parameters such as weld current, weld speed etc. CRediT authorship contribution statement M. Sathish Kumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - original draft. S. Gopi: Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision. N. Sivashanmugam: Resources, Writing - review & editing. A. Sasikumar: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] K. Chandra, Vivekanand Kain, R. Tewari, Microstructural and electrochemical characterisation of heat-treated 347 stainless steel with different phases, Corros. Sci. 67 (2013) 118–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.011. [3] Radha Raman Mishra, Visnu Kumar Tiwari, Rajesha S, A study of tensile strength of mig and tig welded dissimilar joints of mild steel and stainless steel, International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2014.
[4] Varuzˇan Kevorkijan, Lucija Skledar, Marko Degiampietro, Irena Lesjak, Teja Krumpak, Comparative electrochemical and intergranular corrosion-resistance testing of wrought aluminium alloys, Light Metals, 2019, pp 331-339. https:// link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7. [6] P. Sathiya, S. Aravinda, P.M. Ajith, B. Arivazhagan, A. Noorul Haq, microstructural characteristics on bead on plate welding of aisi 904 l super austenitic stainless steel using gas metal arc welding rocess, Eng. Sci. Technol. 2 (6) (2010) 189–199. [7] Aboulfazl Moteshakker, Iman Danaee, Microstructure and corrosion resistance of dissimilar weld-joints between duplex stainless steel 2205 and austenitic stainless steel 316L, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32 (3) (2016) 282–290, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmst.2015.11.021.
Further reading [2] V. Moura, Aline Yae Kina, Sergio Souto Maior Tavares, L.D. Lima, Fernando B. Mainier, Influence of stabilization heat treatments on microstructure, hardness and intergranular corrosion resistance of the AISI 321 stainless steel, Journal of Materials Science, 2008. [5] Erdal Karadeniz, Ugur Ozsarac, Ceyhan Yildiz, The effect of process parameters on penetration in gas metal arc welding processes, Mater. Design 28 (2007) 649–656. [8] B.F. Dunnettand, G.O.H. Whillock, Intergranular corrosion of stainless steels: a method to determine the long-term corrosion rate of plate surfaces from shortterm coupon tests, Corrosion 59 (3) (2003) 274–283, https://doi.org/10.5006/ 1.3277560. [9] Suresh Kumar, S. Sivaprakasam, V. Mugesh, H. Abdul Rahman, B. Ashok, K. Vijayakumar, Optimization of dissimilar materials on stainless steel (316l) and mild steel (IS2062) in mig welding process, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 04; April- 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457]. [10] Zhao Shen, Kai Chen, Xianglong Guo, Lefu Zhang, A study on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 310-ODS steel in supercritical water, J. Nucl. Mater. 514 (2019) 56–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jnucmat.2018.11.016. [11] J.S. Armijo, Intergranular corrosion of nonsensitized austenitic stainless steels, Corrosion 24 (1) (1968) 24–30, https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-24.1.24. [12] A. Pardo, M.C. Merino, A.E. Coy, F. Viejo, M. Carboneras, R. Arrabal, Influence of Ti, C and N concentration on the intergranular corrosion behaviour of AISI 316Ti and 321 stainless steels, Acta Mater. 55 (7) (2007) 2239–2251, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.021. [13] P. Muraleedharan, J.B. Gnanamoorthy, K. Prasad Rao, EPR, method versus ASTM A262 practice E for measuring DOS in austenitic stainless steels, Corrosion 45 (2) (1989) 142–149, https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3577832. [14] Kanga B Y Yarlagadda, K.D.V. Prasadb, M.J. Kanga, H.J. Kima, I.S. Kimc, The effect of alternate supply of shielding gases in austenite stainless steel GTA welding, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209 (2009) 4722–4727. [15] Soheil Nakhodchi, Ali Shokuhfar, Saleh AkbariIraj, Brain G. Thomas, Evolution of temperature distribution and microstructure in multipass welded AISI 321 stainless steel plates with different thicknesses, J. Pressure Vessel Technol. (2015) 137. [16] M Shimada, H Kokawa, Z.J Wang, Y.S Sato, I Karibe, Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering, Acta Mater. 50 (9) (2002) 2331–2341, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00064-2. [17] P. Rozenak, D. Eliezer, Effects of metallurgical variables on hydrogen embrittlement in AISI type 316, 321 and 347 stainless steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. 61 (1) (1983) 31–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(83)90123-4.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347) M. Sathish Kumar a,⇑, S. Gopi b, N. Sivashanmugam c, A. Sasikumar b a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore 641107, India Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore 641013, India c Department of Mechanical Engineering, NIT, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India b
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 13 November 2019 Received in revised form 23 January 2020 Accepted 25 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: SS 321 SS 347 MIG welding Corrosion & robotic welding Aerospace welding
a b s t r a c t In this work dissimilar weld is obtained between SS 321 and SS 347 through robot guided MIG welding process. The Weldments are subjected to intergranular Corrosion test as per ASTM A262 and studied. Particularly considering the applications in wide range such as chemical storage, exhaust manifolds of automobiles and aircraft, where the surfaces are subjected to corrosive environment is taken for investigation. The specimens were welded with two different electrode wires ER 321 and ER 347. The results found that at 140A welding current and with ER347 there are no intergranular cracks and fissures found. The ER 347 is found to be the best suited electrode when compared to ER321 for welding these dissimilar joints. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress 2019: Materials Science.
1. Introduction In this work, stainless steel grade 321 and 347 is welded using MIG and intergranular corrosion test is conducted. The destruction of material caused because of reaction with its environment towards oxide formation is called corrosion. The definition should be restricted to metals and non-metals for solution of a problem. It can include ceramics, plastics, rubber and other non-metallic materials. For example, deterioration of paint and rubber by sunlight or chemical fluxing of the lining of a steelmaking furnace an attack of a solid metal by another molten metal is all considered to be corrosion. Corrosion can be fast or slow. Extractive metallurgy is concerned primarily with the winning of the metal from the ore and refining use. Most iron ores contain oxides of iron, and rusting of steel by water an oxygen results in a hydrated iron oxide. Rusting is a term reserved for steel and iron corrosion, although many other metals form their oxides when corrosion occurs. It is identified that stabilized austenitic stainless steel such as 347 and 321 are widely used in components designed for high temperature applications like, nuclear reactors, boilers super ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Sathish Kumar).
heaters and chemical reactors [1]. This material can be selected for high temperatures services due to its high creep and intergranular corrosion resistance. However, the services can be considered within the sensitization range of temperatures (450–850 °C) only. The objective of the work is to perform bend test and observe the subsurface corrosive environments through this experiment.
2. Experiment 2.1. Material selection The grade SS347 is chosen as one of the dissimilar parent alloy which is stabilized austenitic stainless steel with addition of niobium. The intermittent temperature is about 800–1650 °F (427–897 °C). It is nonmagnetic. The grade SS321 is another alloy to be welded with 347 which is a stabilized austenitic stainless steel which is similar to SS304 but with titanium addition of at least five times the carbon content. The intermittent temperature is about 800–1500 °F (427–816 °C). It is normally magnetic. This grade is equivalent to SS304 in the annealed condition and stronger if weldments in these grades have not subjected to annealing or if this grade is put in to general service in the 420–900 °C range. Crevice corrosion can occur in warm chloride environments, and
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Mechanical Engineering Congress 2019: Materials Science.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475
2
M. Sathish Kumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Table 1 Composition of 321/347 grades. Grade 321 321H 347
min. max min. max min. max
C
Mn
Si
P
S
Cr
Mo
Ni
N
Other
– 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.08
2.00
0.75
0.045
0.030
–
0.75
0.045
0.030
2.00
0.75
0.045
0.030
9.0 12.0 9.0 12.0 9.0 13.0
0.10
2.00
17.0 19.0 17.0 19.0 17.0 19.0
Ti = 5(C + N) 0.70 Ti = 4(C + N) 0.70 Nb = 10(C + N) 1.0
may lead to stress corrosion cracking above 60 °C. The following Table 1 gives the material composition of alloys. 2.2. Applications of these dissimilar alloys This alloys has been extensively used in Expansion joints Spiral Welded tube for burner pipes and flues, Bellows, Woven or welded screens for high temperature mineral processing Furnace parts, Heating element tubing, Heat Exchangers. Due to the above said reasons, their weld characteristics have been studied. The experiment is carried out in robotic gas metal arc welding machine. The specifications of welding setup are DM 350 MIG power source of OTC diahen. The welding torch was attached with a 6 axis OTC diahen robot. The experimental study denotes that MIG weld process provides higher quality welds in a wide variety of metal and alloys. Therefore, it is most commonly used to join stainless steel and other metals [3].The specimen preparation is carried out to get sound welding joints. The specimen size is 100 50 6 mm (two pieces). Butt weld joint is preferred. The specimen is set to resist the degrees of freedom in a welding fixture available. The standard process parameters already optimized is taken for the welding purpose. The welding current is chosen as 160 Amps for welding. The filler wire of two types one is ER 321 and ER347 is taken. The specimens were welded using ER321 and ER 347 separately and subject to corrosion test (Fig. 1). 3. Result and discussions 3.1. Corrosion test The welded specimens were subjected to corrosion test as per ASTM 262 standards. Two specimens were welded one specimen with ER 321 as filler wire and other one with ER347. The test solu-
– –
– –
tion is made of V Acidified Copper sulphate test solution by dissolving 100 gm of Copper sulphate (CUSO45H2O) in 700 ml of distilled water, 100 ml of Sulphur acid (H2SO4, Cp, Sp.gr.1.84) and diluted to 1000 ml with Reagent water The size and total surface area of specimen is as follows Length: 98.12 mm; Width: 20.01 mm; Thick: 9.98 mm; Total surface Area is about 62.8944 cm2. The volume of the test solution is about 600 ml. All the machined surfaces of the specimen were polished using 120 grit emery papers. The specimen is degreased with Acetone. The specimen arrangement is made as Glass cradle containing specimen embedded in copper grindings was suspended in acid solution in boiling condition. The duration of the test is for about 15 h. As per the study made the samples are immersed in a solution made from 1000 ml H2O, 20 g NaCl, and 100 ml HCI (25 wt%). The volume of the solution was given as 8 ml per cm2 for the sample area and the test duration was 2 h [4]. 3.1.1. Testing The bend test is performed on the specimen which is bent through an angle of 180° with a force of 1 Ton using a mandrel of diameter equal to specimen thickness and it was found that no intergranular cracks or fissures observed on the bent surface at 20 magnification. The Fig. 2 shows the bend test performed. The SEM image indicated in Fig. 2 is taken with a working distance of 23.88 mm with 750 magnification having a accelerating voltage of 10 kV. It shows uniform flow of filler material in the weld zone. The clear boundary of the weld specimen and the filler material is observed. P. Sathiya et al. observed that the depth of penetration increased when the welding current is increased but decreased with decrease in voltage and the penetration increased when arc travel rate decreased until it attained a minimum value depends on the arc power [6].The corrosion resistance of weldjoints was evaluated in NaCl solution by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance techniques. He also justified that in the weld metal AWS ER 347, the brittle sigma phase was
Fig. 1. (a) Robotic Welding process and (b) Welding fixture.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475
M. Sathish Kumar et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 2. (a) Bend test and (b) SEM image.
created, resulting in the decrease of weld-joint corrosion resistance [7]. 4. Conclusions The tests revealed the following conclusions The filler wire ER 347 provides best coalescence with the dissimilar joints SS321 and SS347. There are no intergranular cracks found after the bend test in both the specimens welded with two different fillers. The fissure occurred due to welding current in specimen welded with ER321. Even though, there is a fissure. There are no intergranular cracks found in the joint. At 160 Amp of welding current and filler wire ER 347 the weld joint has maximum corrosion resistance and this is very suitable for application of such dissimilar joints in the corrosive environments. This study can be further made to optimize the welding parameters such as weld current, weld speed etc. CRediT authorship contribution statement M. Sathish Kumar: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - original draft. S. Gopi: Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision. N. Sivashanmugam: Resources, Writing - review & editing. A. Sasikumar: Resources, Writing - review & editing. Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. References [1] K. Chandra, Vivekanand Kain, R. Tewari, Microstructural and electrochemical characterisation of heat-treated 347 stainless steel with different phases, Corros. Sci. 67 (2013) 118–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2012.10.011. [3] Radha Raman Mishra, Visnu Kumar Tiwari, Rajesha S, A study of tensile strength of mig and tig welded dissimilar joints of mild steel and stainless steel, International Journal of Advances in Materials Science and Engineering (IJAMSE) Vol. 3, No. 2, April 2014.
[4] Varuzˇan Kevorkijan, Lucija Skledar, Marko Degiampietro, Irena Lesjak, Teja Krumpak, Comparative electrochemical and intergranular corrosion-resistance testing of wrought aluminium alloys, Light Metals, 2019, pp 331-339. https:// link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-05864-7. [6] P. Sathiya, S. Aravinda, P.M. Ajith, B. Arivazhagan, A. Noorul Haq, microstructural characteristics on bead on plate welding of aisi 904 l super austenitic stainless steel using gas metal arc welding rocess, Eng. Sci. Technol. 2 (6) (2010) 189–199. [7] Aboulfazl Moteshakker, Iman Danaee, Microstructure and corrosion resistance of dissimilar weld-joints between duplex stainless steel 2205 and austenitic stainless steel 316L, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 32 (3) (2016) 282–290, https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmst.2015.11.021.
Further reading [2] V. Moura, Aline Yae Kina, Sergio Souto Maior Tavares, L.D. Lima, Fernando B. Mainier, Influence of stabilization heat treatments on microstructure, hardness and intergranular corrosion resistance of the AISI 321 stainless steel, Journal of Materials Science, 2008. [5] Erdal Karadeniz, Ugur Ozsarac, Ceyhan Yildiz, The effect of process parameters on penetration in gas metal arc welding processes, Mater. Design 28 (2007) 649–656. [8] B.F. Dunnettand, G.O.H. Whillock, Intergranular corrosion of stainless steels: a method to determine the long-term corrosion rate of plate surfaces from shortterm coupon tests, Corrosion 59 (3) (2003) 274–283, https://doi.org/10.5006/ 1.3277560. [9] Suresh Kumar, S. Sivaprakasam, V. Mugesh, H. Abdul Rahman, B. Ashok, K. Vijayakumar, Optimization of dissimilar materials on stainless steel (316l) and mild steel (IS2062) in mig welding process, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 04; April- 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457]. [10] Zhao Shen, Kai Chen, Xianglong Guo, Lefu Zhang, A study on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of 310-ODS steel in supercritical water, J. Nucl. Mater. 514 (2019) 56–65, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jnucmat.2018.11.016. [11] J.S. Armijo, Intergranular corrosion of nonsensitized austenitic stainless steels, Corrosion 24 (1) (1968) 24–30, https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-24.1.24. [12] A. Pardo, M.C. Merino, A.E. Coy, F. Viejo, M. Carboneras, R. Arrabal, Influence of Ti, C and N concentration on the intergranular corrosion behaviour of AISI 316Ti and 321 stainless steels, Acta Mater. 55 (7) (2007) 2239–2251, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2006.11.021. [13] P. Muraleedharan, J.B. Gnanamoorthy, K. Prasad Rao, EPR, method versus ASTM A262 practice E for measuring DOS in austenitic stainless steels, Corrosion 45 (2) (1989) 142–149, https://doi.org/10.5006/1.3577832. [14] Kanga B Y Yarlagadda, K.D.V. Prasadb, M.J. Kanga, H.J. Kima, I.S. Kimc, The effect of alternate supply of shielding gases in austenite stainless steel GTA welding, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 209 (2009) 4722–4727. [15] Soheil Nakhodchi, Ali Shokuhfar, Saleh AkbariIraj, Brain G. Thomas, Evolution of temperature distribution and microstructure in multipass welded AISI 321 stainless steel plates with different thicknesses, J. Pressure Vessel Technol. (2015) 137. [16] M Shimada, H Kokawa, Z.J Wang, Y.S Sato, I Karibe, Optimization of grain boundary character distribution for intergranular corrosion resistant 304 stainless steel by twin-induced grain boundary engineering, Acta Mater. 50 (9) (2002) 2331–2341, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00064-2. [17] P. Rozenak, D. Eliezer, Effects of metallurgical variables on hydrogen embrittlement in AISI type 316, 321 and 347 stainless steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. 61 (1) (1983) 31–41, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-5416(83)90123-4.
Please cite this article as: M. Sathish Kumar, S. Gopi, N. Sivashanmugam et al., A study on corrosion behavior of stainless steel dissimilar alloy weld joints (321 & 347), Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.475