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A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
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Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application J. Ajay ⇑, G. Viswanath Department of Automobile Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 16 September 2019 Received in revised form 1 November 2019 Accepted 5 November 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: BD Blends Emission Transesterification Waste transformer oil
a b s t r a c t The work examines the study on waste transformer oil as a novel based alternate BD for compression engine. For this purpose different properties of waste transformer oil were determined. To analysis various combustion and emission waste transformer oil are used as the alternate fuel in IC engine. The investigation includes three parts. In the first part of the work transesterification process were conducted. In the next, the refined waste transformer oil is designated in as BD. In the third part of work, different blends like BD100, B10, B20, B30, B40 and D100 is tested in a single cylinder engine to evaluate performance and emission. At the last it concluded that B30 is best among all the blends can be used as an alternate fuel in diesel engine. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
1. Introduction The manuscript aims that the waste transformer oil product will be employed in a better way, by doing this not only the fuel prices eightieth of waste product relying upon feedstock prices, however can also be accustomed scale back the overall fuel prices. During this regard, several researchers, have focused on raw materials for different fuels such waste lubricating oil, plastic oil, tire transformer oil, waste cooking oil, waste edible nut shell liquid, oil, municipal waste and olive mill As waste is concentrated on the use of varied waste sources, production and use in an exceedingly diesel engine. Recently by some researchers as a supply of fuel in an exceedingly internal-combustion engine within used transformer oil is additionally noteworthy to show the effective use [1]. Geoddl gl. The aim of this work was to use electrical device oil as an alternate BD. The untested diesel was used as a base fuel for comparison the properties and performances were internal combustion running at 800 rpm to evaluate the performance and results of the investigation were viciously in electrical device oil 10:1 standard time that is sixty nine beyond viciousness of diesel because of [2] The work, alternative fuel technology, convenience a lot can back up to a decade, during that purpose of the waste electrical device are often used as another supply for fossil oil in India, there’s an enormous quantity of electrical device oil is rejected each year. Waste transformer oil has same physical and ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Ajay).
chemical properties and electrical device oil is employed primarily in electrical device for insulation purpose. Nowadays 90% electrical device oil isn’t utilized to correct fuel properties to run engine rather blends and electrical device oil, vital category of insulating oils they act as a medium within the electrical device [3]. In this study, within an transformer oil, the oil is thrown out of waste. However when testing transformer oil blends the TO blends produces more efficiency in compression engine [4]. This aims of study and its properties in Direct Injection, internal-combustion engine for reduce emission within the initial part, transesterification mistreatment methyl alcohol and a catalyst to cut back viciousness. The physical and chemical properties of transesterificaton of Waste electrical device Oil are compared with standard fuel. Within the next part, two cylinder water cooled four Strokes internal-combustion engine was accustomed to run mistreatment waste transformer oil and its blends with standard diesel to evaluate the performances and emissions. Thus result of that TWTO blends leads to increases at one point of potency and reduced emission eventually it’s will be used as different fuel in DI internal-combustion engine with minimum emissions [5]. This manuscript aims that performance and emission parameters of two cylinder four stroke and air cooled diesel engine, fuelled its different diesel blends on concentration from 100 percent to hr, at a 100 percent by volume basis. The results in this study were all the blends are compared with diesel operation increase in potency with important improvement in reduced smoke and its diesel blends [6]. The study of this work transformer oil the most supply for offer of current, square measure put in in little, medium
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
2
J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
and huge power stations in every electrical device, oil, unremarkably known as as electrical device oil, utilized for insulation and cooling purpose. Throughout operation of electrical device, the mechanical properties and ohmic resistance which ends up to its reduction and degradation. This could have an effect on the lifetime of electrical device. Hence its necessary to envision the physical and chemical properties of electrical device at that time. Transformer oil a protecting oil which go about as warmth move medium in the transformer. Transformer oil is delivered from without wax naphthenic oils. After time being utilized in the transformer oil is expelled and structure a waste known as WTO. A few investigations on the usage of transformer oil in oil plan have been directed by mixing the oil into greasing up oil and by utilizing transformer oil exclusively as base oil to ponder the capability of the transformer oil to give dielectric and protecting properties to the oils, individually [7–9]. This work explains t unitization of waste transformer oil is used as an alternate fuel where performance in emission is shown and result in that slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and decrease in specific fuel consumption. is a sort of fragmentary oil item, which made out of soaked hydrocarbon, monocylic aromatics, twofold ring sweet-smelling hydrocarbons, polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons and colloid Fire resistant added substances, cancer prevention agents and different added substances might be included transformer oil so as to improve item execution. Substance changes or added substance disintegration occurred and new items are created during the time spent use. Transformer oil is utilized for transformer, reactor, common inductor, packaging and oil switch oil-filled electrical gear to assume the job of protection, cooling and arcing [10–14]. This study about charatersicts of waate transformer oil and some vegetable oil where increase in break thermal efficency and decrease in no where shown. Waste transformer oil with methenol oil has tested with load conditions and have decrease in minimum of nox in higher load conditions as shown and waste oil with mythl ester has high temperature, weight gases, which are delivered by the burning the result of waste transformer oil in direct injection modeling without any substantial modification in engine [15–19]. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Transesterification process In this work waste transformer oil is obtained from local Tamilnadu Eletricity Board (porur) and tested as a alternative fuel for diesel engine. Transesterification in BD could be a replacement
for diesel and is made by reacting alcohol to make a combination of carboxylic acid esters waste transformer oil is tested in this process were added with an alcohol and heated up to 100c to obtain pure untested BD (See Fig. 1). 2.2. Fuel blending methods
BD100(pure bio diesel) B10(10% bio diesel + 90% diesel) B20(20% BD + 80%diesel) B30(30% BD + 70%diesel) B40(40% BD + 60%diesel)
3. Experimental set up 3.1. Engine details IC Engine set up under test is Kirloskar TV1 having power 5.20 kW @ 1500 rpm which is 1 Cylinder, fourstroke, ConstantSpeed, WaterCooled, DieselenginewithCylinder Bore 87.50 (mm), Stroke Length 110.00 (mm), Connecting Rod length 234.00 (mm), Compression Ratio 17.00, Swept volume 661.45 (cc). 3.1.1. Combustion parameters Specific constant (kJ/kgK):1.00, AirDensity (kg/m^3):1.17, AdiabaticIndex:1.41, Polytrophic Index::1.39, NumberOfCycles:10, Cylinder Pressure Referance:6, Smoothing 2, TDC Reference: 0 3.1.2. Performance parameters Orifice Diameter (mm): 20.00, Orifice Coeff. Of Discharge: 0.60, Dynamometer Arm Legnth (mm): 185, Fuel Pipe dia (mm): 12.40, Ambient Temp. (Deg C): 27, Pulses Per revolution: 360, Fuel Type: Diesel, Fuel Density (Kg/m^3):1, Calorific Value Of Fuel (kj/kg): 45,815 (See Fig. 2). 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Carbonmonoxide (%) Fig. 3 insist that at load zero, where amount of blends like Diesel BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load where BD100 had produce maximum and b10 had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%)and at load 30(kW)BD100 had produce maximum and diesel had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 and b40 had produced mininum of carbon monoxide and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produce maximum and b20, b30, b40 had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b20 and b30 had produced manimum co compare to diesel. 4.2. Carbon dioxide (%)
Fig. 1. Waste transformer oil blends.
Fig. 4 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load where b20 and b30 produce maximum and b10 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) and at the load 30 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbon dioxide (co2) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced maximum of co2 compare to diesel.
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 2. Vcr engine line daigram.
4.3. Hydrocarbon (g/kWh) Fig. 5 insist that at the load zero where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point load diesel produce maximum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) and at the load 30(kW) b30 had produced maximum and diesel had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kW and at the load 60 (kW) b10 had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced minimum of hc compare to diesel. 4.4. Nitrogenoxide (no)
Fig. 3. Carbonmonoxide (%) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 4. Carbondioxide (%) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 6 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load b20 had produced maximum and b10 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load 30 (kW) diesel had pro-
Fig. 5. Hydrocarbon (g/kWh)Vs Load (kW).
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
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J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
maximum and B20 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 90 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoixde (no) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced less smoke opacity compare to diesel. 5. Conclusions The objective of this experiment is to use waste transformer oil as an alternate fuel. The pure diesel was used as base fuel for comparing the performance and emission parameter. In this b30 produces minimum of CO, HC, smoke opacity and maximum of CO2 in all load conditions. In nitrogenoixde it produces constant level of NO in all load condition. when compare to diesel. At it last concluded by b30 is best among all the blends. Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Fig. 6. Nitrogenoxide (no) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 7. Smokeopacity (%) Vs Load (kw).
duced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of nitrogen oxide (no) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 and diesel had produced less no compare with diesel. 4.5. Smoke ppacity (%) Fig. 7 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20 b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load BD100 had produced maximum and b20 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 30 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 60 (kW) BD100 had produced
References [1] M.D. Nurun Nabi et al., ‘‘Waste Transformer Oil as anAlternative Fuel for Diesel Engine”Engineering, 2013. Procedia Engineering 56 (2013) pp. 401–406. [2] G.L. Goedde, A.P. Yerges, Dielectric fluid for use in power distribution equipment. US Patent 1998; 5,766, 517. [3] Mahir Hussain Salmani, Rakesh Chandmal Sharma, Himansh Kumar Effect of Used Transformer Oil on Efficiency of Compression Ignition Engine Volume 4, Issue 2, March- Volume 2, Issue 7, March-2015 ISSN: 2347-4718 [4] M. Senthil Kumar, A. Ramesh, B. Nagalingam, waste transformer oil dual fuel compression ignition engine SAE Technical Paper Series 2001 2001–28-0067. [5] P. Behera, S. Murugan, Combustion, performance and emission parameters of used transformer oil and its diesel blends in a DI diesel engine, Fuel 104 (2013) 147–154. [6] Kathleen S. Mayer Foster, L. Mayer Arthur Witt Jr. Waste Transformer Oil and PCB Toxicity to Rainbow Trout November 2002:102:167-98. [7] Rupjeet Das, Rajeev kumar and Amit K. Sharma An Experimental Study on Utilization of Waste Transformer Oil in a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine as an Alternative Fuel September 07, 2017. [8] Keon Sang Ryoo,* Sang Hyuk Byun, Jong-Ha Choi, Yong Pyo Hong, Gyeongbuk Government Public Institute Health & Environment, Daegu 702-839, Korea Received August 22, 2006 Vol. 28, No. 4. [9] C. Öner, S. Altun, BD production from waste transformer oil and an experimental investigation of its use as alternative fuel in a direct injection diesel engine, Appl Energy 86 (10) (2009) 2114–2120. [10] T. R. Preethivasani, T. Senthilkumar, M. Chandrasekar, Refuse-derived fuel for diesel engine utilizing waste transformer oil [11] KnotheG Historical perspectives on vegetable oil-based diesel fuels. Inform 2001;12(11). [12] S. Sinha, A.K. Agarwal, S. Garg, BD development from rice bran oil: transesterification process optimization and fuel characterization, Energy Convers Manage 49 (5) (2008) 1248–1257. [13] M. Balat, H. Balat, Progress in BD processing, Appl Energy 87 (6) (2010) 1815– 1835. [14] S. Lian, H. Li, J. Tang, D. Tong, C. Hu, Integration of extraction and transesterification of lipid from Jatropha seeds for the production of BD, Appl Energy. J. Apenergy (2012). [15] O.J. Tola et al., Experimental study of the characteristics of transformer oil and some selected vegetable oils, Int. J. Eng. Res. Afr. 23 (2016) 13–23. [16] J. Yan, E. Dulker, Synthesis of BD from waste transformer oil with methanol catalyzed by Li-doped magnesium oxide catalysts, Appl. Energy 87 (3) (2010) 743–748. [17] K. Naima* and A. Liazid. Waste oils as alternative fuel for diesel engine. Research Laboratory LTE-ENSET, B. P. 1523 El Mnaouer 31000-Oran, Algeria. [18] S. Pleanjai, S.H. Gheewala, Full chain energy analysis of BD production from palm oil in Thailand, Appl. Energy 86 (S1) (2009) S209–S214. [19] S. Kirankuma, Experimental investigation on ci engine using waste transformer oil methyl esters as bio diesel Vol. 8 No. 2 July – December 2016.
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application J. Ajay ⇑, G. Viswanath Department of Automobile Saveetha School of Engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 16 September 2019 Received in revised form 1 November 2019 Accepted 5 November 2019 Available online xxxx Keywords: BD Blends Emission Transesterification Waste transformer oil
a b s t r a c t The work examines the study on waste transformer oil as a novel based alternate BD for compression engine. For this purpose different properties of waste transformer oil were determined. To analysis various combustion and emission waste transformer oil are used as the alternate fuel in IC engine. The investigation includes three parts. In the first part of the work transesterification process were conducted. In the next, the refined waste transformer oil is designated in as BD. In the third part of work, different blends like BD100, B10, B20, B30, B40 and D100 is tested in a single cylinder engine to evaluate performance and emission. At the last it concluded that B30 is best among all the blends can be used as an alternate fuel in diesel engine. Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
1. Introduction The manuscript aims that the waste transformer oil product will be employed in a better way, by doing this not only the fuel prices eightieth of waste product relying upon feedstock prices, however can also be accustomed scale back the overall fuel prices. During this regard, several researchers, have focused on raw materials for different fuels such waste lubricating oil, plastic oil, tire transformer oil, waste cooking oil, waste edible nut shell liquid, oil, municipal waste and olive mill As waste is concentrated on the use of varied waste sources, production and use in an exceedingly diesel engine. Recently by some researchers as a supply of fuel in an exceedingly internal-combustion engine within used transformer oil is additionally noteworthy to show the effective use [1]. Geoddl gl. The aim of this work was to use electrical device oil as an alternate BD. The untested diesel was used as a base fuel for comparison the properties and performances were internal combustion running at 800 rpm to evaluate the performance and results of the investigation were viciously in electrical device oil 10:1 standard time that is sixty nine beyond viciousness of diesel because of [2] The work, alternative fuel technology, convenience a lot can back up to a decade, during that purpose of the waste electrical device are often used as another supply for fossil oil in India, there’s an enormous quantity of electrical device oil is rejected each year. Waste transformer oil has same physical and ⇑ Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Ajay).
chemical properties and electrical device oil is employed primarily in electrical device for insulation purpose. Nowadays 90% electrical device oil isn’t utilized to correct fuel properties to run engine rather blends and electrical device oil, vital category of insulating oils they act as a medium within the electrical device [3]. In this study, within an transformer oil, the oil is thrown out of waste. However when testing transformer oil blends the TO blends produces more efficiency in compression engine [4]. This aims of study and its properties in Direct Injection, internal-combustion engine for reduce emission within the initial part, transesterification mistreatment methyl alcohol and a catalyst to cut back viciousness. The physical and chemical properties of transesterificaton of Waste electrical device Oil are compared with standard fuel. Within the next part, two cylinder water cooled four Strokes internal-combustion engine was accustomed to run mistreatment waste transformer oil and its blends with standard diesel to evaluate the performances and emissions. Thus result of that TWTO blends leads to increases at one point of potency and reduced emission eventually it’s will be used as different fuel in DI internal-combustion engine with minimum emissions [5]. This manuscript aims that performance and emission parameters of two cylinder four stroke and air cooled diesel engine, fuelled its different diesel blends on concentration from 100 percent to hr, at a 100 percent by volume basis. The results in this study were all the blends are compared with diesel operation increase in potency with important improvement in reduced smoke and its diesel blends [6]. The study of this work transformer oil the most supply for offer of current, square measure put in in little, medium
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034 2214-7853/Ó 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Materials Engineering and Characterization 2019.
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
2
J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
and huge power stations in every electrical device, oil, unremarkably known as as electrical device oil, utilized for insulation and cooling purpose. Throughout operation of electrical device, the mechanical properties and ohmic resistance which ends up to its reduction and degradation. This could have an effect on the lifetime of electrical device. Hence its necessary to envision the physical and chemical properties of electrical device at that time. Transformer oil a protecting oil which go about as warmth move medium in the transformer. Transformer oil is delivered from without wax naphthenic oils. After time being utilized in the transformer oil is expelled and structure a waste known as WTO. A few investigations on the usage of transformer oil in oil plan have been directed by mixing the oil into greasing up oil and by utilizing transformer oil exclusively as base oil to ponder the capability of the transformer oil to give dielectric and protecting properties to the oils, individually [7–9]. This work explains t unitization of waste transformer oil is used as an alternate fuel where performance in emission is shown and result in that slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and decrease in specific fuel consumption. is a sort of fragmentary oil item, which made out of soaked hydrocarbon, monocylic aromatics, twofold ring sweet-smelling hydrocarbons, polycyclic fragrant hydrocarbons and colloid Fire resistant added substances, cancer prevention agents and different added substances might be included transformer oil so as to improve item execution. Substance changes or added substance disintegration occurred and new items are created during the time spent use. Transformer oil is utilized for transformer, reactor, common inductor, packaging and oil switch oil-filled electrical gear to assume the job of protection, cooling and arcing [10–14]. This study about charatersicts of waate transformer oil and some vegetable oil where increase in break thermal efficency and decrease in no where shown. Waste transformer oil with methenol oil has tested with load conditions and have decrease in minimum of nox in higher load conditions as shown and waste oil with mythl ester has high temperature, weight gases, which are delivered by the burning the result of waste transformer oil in direct injection modeling without any substantial modification in engine [15–19]. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Transesterification process In this work waste transformer oil is obtained from local Tamilnadu Eletricity Board (porur) and tested as a alternative fuel for diesel engine. Transesterification in BD could be a replacement
for diesel and is made by reacting alcohol to make a combination of carboxylic acid esters waste transformer oil is tested in this process were added with an alcohol and heated up to 100c to obtain pure untested BD (See Fig. 1). 2.2. Fuel blending methods
BD100(pure bio diesel) B10(10% bio diesel + 90% diesel) B20(20% BD + 80%diesel) B30(30% BD + 70%diesel) B40(40% BD + 60%diesel)
3. Experimental set up 3.1. Engine details IC Engine set up under test is Kirloskar TV1 having power 5.20 kW @ 1500 rpm which is 1 Cylinder, fourstroke, ConstantSpeed, WaterCooled, DieselenginewithCylinder Bore 87.50 (mm), Stroke Length 110.00 (mm), Connecting Rod length 234.00 (mm), Compression Ratio 17.00, Swept volume 661.45 (cc). 3.1.1. Combustion parameters Specific constant (kJ/kgK):1.00, AirDensity (kg/m^3):1.17, AdiabaticIndex:1.41, Polytrophic Index::1.39, NumberOfCycles:10, Cylinder Pressure Referance:6, Smoothing 2, TDC Reference: 0 3.1.2. Performance parameters Orifice Diameter (mm): 20.00, Orifice Coeff. Of Discharge: 0.60, Dynamometer Arm Legnth (mm): 185, Fuel Pipe dia (mm): 12.40, Ambient Temp. (Deg C): 27, Pulses Per revolution: 360, Fuel Type: Diesel, Fuel Density (Kg/m^3):1, Calorific Value Of Fuel (kj/kg): 45,815 (See Fig. 2). 4. Results and discussion 4.1. Carbonmonoxide (%) Fig. 3 insist that at load zero, where amount of blends like Diesel BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load where BD100 had produce maximum and b10 had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%)and at load 30(kW)BD100 had produce maximum and diesel had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 and b40 had produced mininum of carbon monoxide and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produce maximum and b20, b30, b40 had produced minimum of carbon monoxide (%) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b20 and b30 had produced manimum co compare to diesel. 4.2. Carbon dioxide (%)
Fig. 1. Waste transformer oil blends.
Fig. 4 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load where b20 and b30 produce maximum and b10 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) and at the load 30 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbon dioxide (co2) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of carbondioxide (co2) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced maximum of co2 compare to diesel.
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
3
Fig. 2. Vcr engine line daigram.
4.3. Hydrocarbon (g/kWh) Fig. 5 insist that at the load zero where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point load diesel produce maximum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) and at the load 30(kW) b30 had produced maximum and diesel had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kW and at the load 60 (kW) b10 had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) and at the load 90 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of hydrocarbon (g/kWh) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced minimum of hc compare to diesel. 4.4. Nitrogenoxide (no)
Fig. 3. Carbonmonoxide (%) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 4. Carbondioxide (%) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 6 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20, b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load b20 had produced maximum and b10 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load 30 (kW) diesel had pro-
Fig. 5. Hydrocarbon (g/kWh)Vs Load (kW).
Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034
4
J. Ajay, G. Viswanath / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
maximum and B20 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 90 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoixde (no) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 had produced less smoke opacity compare to diesel. 5. Conclusions The objective of this experiment is to use waste transformer oil as an alternate fuel. The pure diesel was used as base fuel for comparing the performance and emission parameter. In this b30 produces minimum of CO, HC, smoke opacity and maximum of CO2 in all load conditions. In nitrogenoixde it produces constant level of NO in all load condition. when compare to diesel. At it last concluded by b30 is best among all the blends. Declaration of Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Fig. 6. Nitrogenoxide (no) Vs Load (kW).
Fig. 7. Smokeopacity (%) Vs Load (kw).
duced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load 60 (kW) diesel had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of nitrogenoxide (no) and at the load diesel had produced maximum and b40 had produced minimum of nitrogen oxide (no) compare to all other blends. The above graph shows that b30 and diesel had produced less no compare with diesel. 4.5. Smoke ppacity (%) Fig. 7 insist that at the load zero, where the blends like diesel, BD100, b10, b20 b30, b40 is set to run at 1500 rpm at this point of load BD100 had produced maximum and b20 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 30 (kW) BD100 had produced maximum and b30 had produced minimum of smokeopacity (%) and at the load 60 (kW) BD100 had produced
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Please cite this article as: J. Ajay and G. Viswanath, A study on waste transformer oil blended with BD IC engine application, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.034