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A sudden-stop vestibulovisual test for rapid assessment of motion sickness manifestations
622
HUMAN
RESPONSE
TO
VIBRATION
(*:a,) direction (two intensities: Ii = 0.57 m ss* r.m.s., I2 = 3.2 m s-’ r.m.s., frequency: 4 Hz) and under no-vibration control conditions according to a change-over design. All conditions were performed at a constant noise level. The part of vibration-synchronous activity contaminating the averaged evoked potentials (AEP) was eliminated by means of a subtraction technique. The AEP amplitude N l-P2 showed a significant decrease during vibration exposure; this decrease was slightly greater during IZ than during Ii. Except for a shortening of P2 due to vibration of Ii, the peak latencies did not change significantly. The heart rate increased when subjects were exposed to vibration at II; there were interindividually opposite significant changes under 1, exposure. Time effects and subject effects were also proved. The AEP’s are considered to be an informative measure for studying the effect of vibration on central nervous information processing. Topics: Physiological Effects (Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular); Combined Stress
(Vibration and Noise).
G. J. Blaauw and J. Godthelp 1978 Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 780314. Riding behavior of motorcyclists as influenced by pavement characteristics. (12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 7 references) Authors’ Abstract. In order to prevent aquaplaning and skidding pavements can be grooved or roughened. However, it is not exactly known whether such treatments might negatively influence riding behavior of motorcyclists. In this study riding a motorcycle on roughened and grooved pavements was compared with riding on normal asphalt and cobbles. Overall results of objective and subjective data seem to justify the following conclusions: (1) grooved and roughened pavements indeed may influence riding behavior of motorcyclists negatively and (2) in the case of grooves, differences in grove dimensions lead to different effects: small grooves with small interspaces hardly showed an effect. Topics: PerformanceEffects (Complex Task); Ride (Road Vehicles); Roughness (Roads). A. Graybiel and J. R. Lackner 1980 Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 51, 21-23. A sudden-stop vestibulovisual test for rapid assessment of motion sickness manifestations. (3 pages, 1 table, 5 references) Authors’ Abstract. The test made use of a rotating chair mounted in a striped cylindrical enclosure, 4.6 m in diameter. The subject was exposed to the following motion profile: With eyes covered he was accelerated at 15”/s* to clockwise velocity of 3OO”/s and maintained at that velocity for 30 s. The chair was then decelerated to a stop within 1.5 s and maintained at rest for 30 s while physiological parameters and motion sickness symptoms were recorded. This procedure was repeated until a pre-selected motion sickness endpoint was reached or 20 stops had been made. If the endpoint was not reached, testing continued without the blindfold while the subject passively viewed the striped enclosure; if the endpoint was still not reached after 20 stops, the direction of rotation was reversed. The subject’s score represented one-half the number of stops with eyes covered plus the number of stops with eyes open plus twice the number of stops after reversal of direction of rotation. Fourteen subjects were each assessed four times; the average interval between tests was 3 days. The first test was usually a poor indicator of later performance. The second test provided a satisfactory ranking of susceptibility to motion sickness, and the results of the four sessions provided an indication of the rates of acquisition and decay of adaptation. Some advantages and uses of this new test are summarized. Topics: Motion Sickness ; Perceptual Mechanisms (Orientation, Vestibular). C. F. Abrams and C. W. Suggs 1977 Applied Ergonomics 8, 130-134. Development of a simulator for use in the measurement of chain saw vibration. (5 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 9 references)
HUMAN
RESPONSE
TO
VIBRATION
(*:a,) direction (two intensities: Ii = 0.57 m ss* r.m.s., I2 = 3.2 m s-’ r.m.s., frequency: 4 Hz) and under no-vibration control conditions according to a change-over design. All conditions were performed at a constant noise level. The part of vibration-synchronous activity contaminating the averaged evoked potentials (AEP) was eliminated by means of a subtraction technique. The AEP amplitude N l-P2 showed a significant decrease during vibration exposure; this decrease was slightly greater during IZ than during Ii. Except for a shortening of P2 due to vibration of Ii, the peak latencies did not change significantly. The heart rate increased when subjects were exposed to vibration at II; there were interindividually opposite significant changes under 1, exposure. Time effects and subject effects were also proved. The AEP’s are considered to be an informative measure for studying the effect of vibration on central nervous information processing. Topics: Physiological Effects (Central Nervous System, Cardiovascular); Combined Stress
(Vibration and Noise).
G. J. Blaauw and J. Godthelp 1978 Society of Automotive Engineers Paper 780314. Riding behavior of motorcyclists as influenced by pavement characteristics. (12 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables, 7 references) Authors’ Abstract. In order to prevent aquaplaning and skidding pavements can be grooved or roughened. However, it is not exactly known whether such treatments might negatively influence riding behavior of motorcyclists. In this study riding a motorcycle on roughened and grooved pavements was compared with riding on normal asphalt and cobbles. Overall results of objective and subjective data seem to justify the following conclusions: (1) grooved and roughened pavements indeed may influence riding behavior of motorcyclists negatively and (2) in the case of grooves, differences in grove dimensions lead to different effects: small grooves with small interspaces hardly showed an effect. Topics: PerformanceEffects (Complex Task); Ride (Road Vehicles); Roughness (Roads). A. Graybiel and J. R. Lackner 1980 Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine 51, 21-23. A sudden-stop vestibulovisual test for rapid assessment of motion sickness manifestations. (3 pages, 1 table, 5 references) Authors’ Abstract. The test made use of a rotating chair mounted in a striped cylindrical enclosure, 4.6 m in diameter. The subject was exposed to the following motion profile: With eyes covered he was accelerated at 15”/s* to clockwise velocity of 3OO”/s and maintained at that velocity for 30 s. The chair was then decelerated to a stop within 1.5 s and maintained at rest for 30 s while physiological parameters and motion sickness symptoms were recorded. This procedure was repeated until a pre-selected motion sickness endpoint was reached or 20 stops had been made. If the endpoint was not reached, testing continued without the blindfold while the subject passively viewed the striped enclosure; if the endpoint was still not reached after 20 stops, the direction of rotation was reversed. The subject’s score represented one-half the number of stops with eyes covered plus the number of stops with eyes open plus twice the number of stops after reversal of direction of rotation. Fourteen subjects were each assessed four times; the average interval between tests was 3 days. The first test was usually a poor indicator of later performance. The second test provided a satisfactory ranking of susceptibility to motion sickness, and the results of the four sessions provided an indication of the rates of acquisition and decay of adaptation. Some advantages and uses of this new test are summarized. Topics: Motion Sickness ; Perceptual Mechanisms (Orientation, Vestibular). C. F. Abrams and C. W. Suggs 1977 Applied Ergonomics 8, 130-134. Development of a simulator for use in the measurement of chain saw vibration. (5 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 9 references)