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A versatile shotgun source for engineering and groundwater seismic surveys
146A
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:ROCK BLOCKS
of design for bridge abutments for the Middlesborough By-Pass and associated schemes. -Authors
comprised a toe bund, together with drainage measures and slope monitoring. -Author
Presentation and interpretation of data
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN METHODS
943195 Safety concepts applied to rock masses P. Londe, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 749-760. This chapter begins by examining the public reaction to the risks attached to major civil works. The types of civil works involving rock masses are outlined, and models of rock mass behaviour are presented. Safety factors, their determination, and their shortcomings are briefly discussed, and then the probabilistic approach is detailed. Neither are deemed adequate for the engineer, and a third alternative, parametric study is detailed. Instrumentation for monitoring, and data interpretation conclude the chapter. -R.Gower
Suggested testing methods and standards 943196 A versatile shotgun source for engineering and groundwater seismic surveys J. C. Parker Jr, J. R. Pelton & M. E. Dougherty, Geophysics, 58(10), 1993, pp 1511-1516. Describes an electrical seismic gun that is capable of firing 8-gauge blank black powder shells in a water-filled borehole under relatively high hydrostatic pressures. The new seismic gun is a modified version o f the electrical shotgun source for engineering seismic surveys introduced by Pullan and MacAulay (1987). The gun has been used for optimum offset and CMP high-resolution seismic refiectionprotiling, engineering refraction surveys, fixedsource andvariable-source noise tests, and vertical traveltime measurements in water weUs. -from Authors
Monitoring rock and soil mass performance 943197 Fuzzy optimal model and its applications to stability classification of surrounding rocks as well as site classification Chen Shouyu, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 12, 1993, pp 26-36. Rock mass classification taking into account of a number of controlling factors is often required in solving rock mechanics problems. Now, the solution of this problem can be improved by using a fuzzy optimal model proposed in this paper. The model is applied to the stability classification of surrounding rocks of underground o~penings and site classification. Satisfactory results are obtained. -Author 943198 The investigation and remedial works design for a slope failure in E t r u r i a Marl I . H . Whittle, in: The engineering geology of weak rock. Proc. conference, Leeds, 1990, ed LC. Cripps & others, (Balkema: Engineering Geology Special Publication, 8), 1993, pp 423-430. The 'fast-track' geoteehnical investigation of a quarry face failure is described and discussed. The failed slope was present in a working clay pit which extended to a depth of 40 metres within Upper Carboniferous Etruria Marl mudstone strata. The mvestigatinn was designed to obtain quickly and economically the information necessary for the assessment of the rock mass characteristics and the design of the remedial works. Major components of the investigation comprised desk study researches, geotechnicol mapping, a trial excavation and laboratory testing. Drillhotes were scheduled at a later stage in the investigation. The use of a computer model permitted a more rigorous back-analysis of ~he failed slope, which improved the confidence in the remedial works design, leading to a more efficient and cheaper solution. The remedial works
Rock block analysis 943199 Constitutive models for intack rock, rock joints and jointed rock masses G . N . Pande, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 1, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 427-441. A framework for developing constitutive models of jointed rock masses is presented. Any constitutive models of intact rocks and rock joints can be conveniently incorporated in this framework. A description of the multilaminate model of jointed rock masses based on the theory of elasto-viscoplasticity is presented. In this formulation, although 'time' is incorporated only as a fictitious parameter, it provides a sequential history of deformation. Simultaneous sliding/opening/closin~ on a number of joint sets can take place, thus providing a picture of the failure mechanism. Finally, an elastoplastic formulation of a constitutive model with two sets of in filled joints is given. -from Author 943200 Modeling discontinuities in numerical analysis J. H. Curran & G. I. Ofoegbu, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 1, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 443-468. A brief general overview of the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) is given so that the reader can appreciate the essential differences in the various methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages for modeling discontinuities. Aspects of rock joints are reviewed followed by a description of a number of constitutive models used to model rock joint behavior. Finall~, the various methods for incorporating discontinuities m FEM, BEM and DEM are detailed. -from Authors 943201 Constitutive modeling for rocks and joints with comments on numerical implementation C . S . Desai, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 31-48. After a brief review of the conventional and available models, details are presented for the new hierarchical single surface and disturbed state concepts proposed recently. They provide a versatile and unified approach for modeling of rocks and joints within the same mathematical flamework and allow incorporation of factors such as inelastic deformations, friction, cohesion, nonassociativeness, damage and softening, viscoplasticity, anisotropy and quasistatic and cyclic loading. The proposed models are verified with respect to a wide range of laboratory tests for rocks and joints. They are implemented in nonlinear finite element procedures for static and dynamic analysis. Salient comments on some important factors that influence the reliability of the numerical solution are also discussed. -from Author 943202 Thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling analysis of rock mass Y. Ohnishi & A. Kobayashi, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 191-208. In this chapter, THAMES (2D and 3D Thermal, Hydraulic And MEchanical System analysis computer code), which has been developed to examine couplet[ hydraulic, thermal and mechanical phenomena of rock mass, is introduced. Firstly, the governing equations used in the code are explained. Secondly, the verification of the code is carried out by comparison with the available analytical and experimental results. Lastly, a few examples are solved with the cooe. Macropermeability tests and Buffer mass tests conaucted in the Stripa project are examined and the numerical results compared with observations, and an imaginary deep nuclear waste depository is assessed and the results
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES:ROCK BLOCKS
of design for bridge abutments for the Middlesborough By-Pass and associated schemes. -Authors
comprised a toe bund, together with drainage measures and slope monitoring. -Author
Presentation and interpretation of data
ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES AND DESIGN METHODS
943195 Safety concepts applied to rock masses P. Londe, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 749-760. This chapter begins by examining the public reaction to the risks attached to major civil works. The types of civil works involving rock masses are outlined, and models of rock mass behaviour are presented. Safety factors, their determination, and their shortcomings are briefly discussed, and then the probabilistic approach is detailed. Neither are deemed adequate for the engineer, and a third alternative, parametric study is detailed. Instrumentation for monitoring, and data interpretation conclude the chapter. -R.Gower
Suggested testing methods and standards 943196 A versatile shotgun source for engineering and groundwater seismic surveys J. C. Parker Jr, J. R. Pelton & M. E. Dougherty, Geophysics, 58(10), 1993, pp 1511-1516. Describes an electrical seismic gun that is capable of firing 8-gauge blank black powder shells in a water-filled borehole under relatively high hydrostatic pressures. The new seismic gun is a modified version o f the electrical shotgun source for engineering seismic surveys introduced by Pullan and MacAulay (1987). The gun has been used for optimum offset and CMP high-resolution seismic refiectionprotiling, engineering refraction surveys, fixedsource andvariable-source noise tests, and vertical traveltime measurements in water weUs. -from Authors
Monitoring rock and soil mass performance 943197 Fuzzy optimal model and its applications to stability classification of surrounding rocks as well as site classification Chen Shouyu, Shuili Xuebao/Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 12, 1993, pp 26-36. Rock mass classification taking into account of a number of controlling factors is often required in solving rock mechanics problems. Now, the solution of this problem can be improved by using a fuzzy optimal model proposed in this paper. The model is applied to the stability classification of surrounding rocks of underground o~penings and site classification. Satisfactory results are obtained. -Author 943198 The investigation and remedial works design for a slope failure in E t r u r i a Marl I . H . Whittle, in: The engineering geology of weak rock. Proc. conference, Leeds, 1990, ed LC. Cripps & others, (Balkema: Engineering Geology Special Publication, 8), 1993, pp 423-430. The 'fast-track' geoteehnical investigation of a quarry face failure is described and discussed. The failed slope was present in a working clay pit which extended to a depth of 40 metres within Upper Carboniferous Etruria Marl mudstone strata. The mvestigatinn was designed to obtain quickly and economically the information necessary for the assessment of the rock mass characteristics and the design of the remedial works. Major components of the investigation comprised desk study researches, geotechnicol mapping, a trial excavation and laboratory testing. Drillhotes were scheduled at a later stage in the investigation. The use of a computer model permitted a more rigorous back-analysis of ~he failed slope, which improved the confidence in the remedial works design, leading to a more efficient and cheaper solution. The remedial works
Rock block analysis 943199 Constitutive models for intack rock, rock joints and jointed rock masses G . N . Pande, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 1, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 427-441. A framework for developing constitutive models of jointed rock masses is presented. Any constitutive models of intact rocks and rock joints can be conveniently incorporated in this framework. A description of the multilaminate model of jointed rock masses based on the theory of elasto-viscoplasticity is presented. In this formulation, although 'time' is incorporated only as a fictitious parameter, it provides a sequential history of deformation. Simultaneous sliding/opening/closin~ on a number of joint sets can take place, thus providing a picture of the failure mechanism. Finally, an elastoplastic formulation of a constitutive model with two sets of in filled joints is given. -from Author 943200 Modeling discontinuities in numerical analysis J. H. Curran & G. I. Ofoegbu, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 1, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 443-468. A brief general overview of the finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) and the discrete element method (DEM) is given so that the reader can appreciate the essential differences in the various methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages for modeling discontinuities. Aspects of rock joints are reviewed followed by a description of a number of constitutive models used to model rock joint behavior. Finall~, the various methods for incorporating discontinuities m FEM, BEM and DEM are detailed. -from Authors 943201 Constitutive modeling for rocks and joints with comments on numerical implementation C . S . Desai, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 31-48. After a brief review of the conventional and available models, details are presented for the new hierarchical single surface and disturbed state concepts proposed recently. They provide a versatile and unified approach for modeling of rocks and joints within the same mathematical flamework and allow incorporation of factors such as inelastic deformations, friction, cohesion, nonassociativeness, damage and softening, viscoplasticity, anisotropy and quasistatic and cyclic loading. The proposed models are verified with respect to a wide range of laboratory tests for rocks and joints. They are implemented in nonlinear finite element procedures for static and dynamic analysis. Salient comments on some important factors that influence the reliability of the numerical solution are also discussed. -from Author 943202 Thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling analysis of rock mass Y. Ohnishi & A. Kobayashi, in: Comprehensive rock engineering. Vol. 2, ed J.A. Hudson, (Pergamon), 1993, pp 191-208. In this chapter, THAMES (2D and 3D Thermal, Hydraulic And MEchanical System analysis computer code), which has been developed to examine couplet[ hydraulic, thermal and mechanical phenomena of rock mass, is introduced. Firstly, the governing equations used in the code are explained. Secondly, the verification of the code is carried out by comparison with the available analytical and experimental results. Lastly, a few examples are solved with the cooe. Macropermeability tests and Buffer mass tests conaucted in the Stripa project are examined and the numerical results compared with observations, and an imaginary deep nuclear waste depository is assessed and the results