Abbreviations and acronyms

Abbreviations and acronyms

ORGANIZATIONS SEPM95

CGMW DNAG DSDP GSC ICS IODP IGC IGCP INQUA IUGS IUPAC ODP SNS ISPS SQS STS SOS SCS UNESCO USGS

Commission for the Geological Map of the World Decade of North American Geology Deep Sea Drilling Project Geological Survey of Canada International Commission of Stratigraphy International Ocean Drilling Project International Geological Congress International Geological Correlation Project International Quaternary Association International Union of Geological Sciences International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Ocean Drilling Project Subcommision (of ICS) on Neogene Stratigraphy Subcommission (of ICS) on Paleogene Stratigraphy Subcommission (of ICS) on Quaternary Stratigraphy Subcommission (of ICS) on Triassic Stratigraphy Subcommission (of ICS) on Ordovician Stratigraphy Subcommision (of ICS) on Cambrian Stratigraphy United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization United States Geological Survey

TIME SCALE PUBLICATIONS (SEE REFERENCES FOR DETAILS)

GO96 GTS2004 (GTS04) GTS2008 (GTS08) GTS2012

GTS82 DNAG83 KG85 EX88 GTS89 OB93 JGR94

Numerical Dating in Stratigraphy (Odin et al., 1982) A Geologic Time Scale (Harland et al., 1982) Geologic Time Scale, Decade of North American Geology (Palmer, 1983) Kent and Gradstein (1985) Exxon 1988 (Haq et al., 1988) A Geologic Time Scale 1989 (Harland et al., 1990) Obradovich (1993) Journal of Geophysical Research 1994 (Gradstein et al., 1994)

Ogg, Ogg and Gradstein (2008) Gradstein, Ogg, Schmitz and Ogg (2012)

GEOSCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS

CA-TIMS FAD FCT FOD FCT (FCs) GPTS GSSP GSSA HO HReSIMS ID-TIMS LAD LA-ICPMS

NDS82

Society for Sedimentary Geology 1995 (Gradstein et al., 1995) Gradstein and Ogg (1996) Gradstein, Ogg and Smith (2004)

LO LOD LA2004 LA2010 MMhb-1 SL13 TCs

Chemical abrasion - thermal ionization mass spectrometry (in U-Pb dating) First appearance datum Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine monitor standard (in Ar eAr dating) First occurrence datum Fish Canyon Tuff sanidine monitor standard (in Ar eAr dating) Geomagnetic polarity time scale Global Stratotype Section and Point Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (in Precambrian) Highest occurrence level High-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (in UePb dating) Isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (in UePb dating) Last appearance datum Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (in U-Pb dating) Lowest occurrence level Last occurrence datum Laskar 2004 numerical solution of orbital periodicities Laskar 2010 numerical solution of orbital periodicities (Laskar et al., 2011) McClure Mountain hornblende monitor standard (in AreAr dating) Sri Lanka 13 monitor zircon standard (in HReSIMS dating) Taylor Creek Rhyolite sanidine monitor standard (in AreAr dating)

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Abbreviations and acronyms

SYMBOLS ka kyr Ma myr Ga gyr SI a s

103 years ago (kilo annum) 103 years duration 106 years ago (mega annum) 106 years duration 109 years ago (giga annum) 109 years duration Le Syste`me Internationale d’Unite´s annus (year) second