- Email: [email protected]
Abdominal aortic aneurysms in women
GENDERMEDICINE
in eight of nine (90%). Average HF tended to decrease from 304 + 195.6 msec 2 to 283.2 + 182.7 msec 2 (P = 0.59). Average LF/HF tended to decrease from 2.14 + 0.90 to 2.08 + 1.16 (P = 0.33). C o n c l u s i o n : Kampo therapy was effective for improving symptoms suffered from peri-menopausal autonomic imbalance. Further study needs to evaluate the relation between the autonomic activity and Kampo therapy.
36
p63 and Notch Pathway in Male Germ Cell Tumors Tetsuo Hayashi; Soichiro Yoshida; Atsushi Yoshinaga; Rena Ohno; N o b u y u k i Ishii; Toshiya Terao; a n d Takumi Yamada
Department of Urology,, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan The male germ cell t u m o r is uniquely radio-sensitive and chemo-curable and the balance between differentiation and apoptosis of male germ cells is governed by TAp63, one of p63 isoforms, through the Notch pathway and p53 target genes. Therefore, we examined the expressions of p63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 in testicular germ cell tumors with the aim of evaluating their possible relationship with the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors. TAp63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed in non-cancerous testicular tissues, and p63; Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins were detectable in germ cells. In seminomas, Notch 1 and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed at low level, whereas TAp63 mRNA was highly expressed, and the t u m o r cells were negative for Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins, while p63 protein was detectable. On the other hand, in embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinomas, TAp63 and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed at low level, whereas Notch 1 mRNA was highly expressed, and t u m o r cells were negative for p63 and Jagged 2 proteins but Notch 1 protein was detectable. In teratomas, TAp63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 mRNAs were highly expressed and p63, Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins were detectable. Our results offer, for the first time, the possibility that the activity of the p63 and Notch pathway correlates with the different histological subtypes of male germ cell tumors, w h i c h may be responsible for characteristics of cancer cells such as responses to c h e m o t h e r a p y and/or irradiation.
37
Gender Differences, Morbidity, and Mortality: The Danish Experiences. Register-Based Analyses Combined with Reflections About Stress as Mediator of Disease Karin Helweg-Larsenl; a n d Birgit Petersson 2
iNational Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark; and 2University off Copenhagen, Denmark Few countries have access to comprehensive data about all hospital contacts and thus to analyse gender differences in cause-specific health care contacts in relation to gender differences in risk factors and mortality. Based u p o n data in the Danish National Patient Register and data from 1689 Danish w o m e n and 1392 Danish m e n between 45 and 55 years from different professional groups, we analyse trends in morbidity a m o n g m e n and w o m e n in a context that consider gender specificity and gender differences in correlations between risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.
$54
The trend in m e a n life expectancy in Denmark differs from comparable countries and there are less gender differences in life expectancy t h a n in most other OECD countries. The relatively low life expectancy is due to a higher mortality a m o n g 45-64-year-olds and can partly be explained by lifestyle factors, primarily tobacco smoking. These factors may also contribute to the relatively small gender differences in cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive lung disease. However, a n u m b e r of other factors related to female living conditions in Denmark may also explain gender differences in general morbidity and disease-specific morbidity for example in a u t o i m m u n e diseases and related conditions. The trend in morbidity and mortality a m o n g m e n and w o m e n in Denmark illuminates gender-specific differences in physiology and reactions to risk factors and contributes to knowledge about basic sex differences.
38
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Women Rebecka Hultgrenl; E m m a Larssonl; Fredrik Granath2; a n d Jesper S w e d e n b o r g 1
iDepariment of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Instituter, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and 2Department for Medical Statistics, Karolinska Instituter, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden B a c k g r o u n d : Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a comm o n and potentially lethal condition due to rupture. It is 4-6 times more c o m m o n in men. A different distribution of risk factors possibly contributes to this difference. W o m e n have a higher m e a n age w h e n treated, are more often rejected for surgery, and possibly have poorer postoperative results. A i m : To identify the n u m b e r of interventions and mortali W for w o m e n and m e n treated for ruptured and nonruptured AAA in Sweden. M e t h o d : All patients treated for AAA 1987-2002 were identified in the registries of the National Board of Health and Welfare. Age, sex, diagnosis, surgical procedure, and short and long term mortali W were extracted. R e s u l t s : 10,302 Men and 1961 w o m e n were identified. 47 Persons/one million inhabitants were treated in 1987 compared to 105 in 2002. 8193 were treated for nonruptured and 4070 for ruptured AAA. Standardised mortali W rates were significantly higher for w o m e n compared to m e n (2.96 vs 1.94), a difference explained by higher mortality from cardiovascular causes. Thir W percent of all w o m e n were treated for ruptured aneurysms compared to 33% of m e n (P < 0.001). ThirW-day mortality rates were equal for w o m e n and m e n (17.1% vs 16.7%). C o n c l u s i o n : A growing n u m b e r in the population are treated. Comparison of reported prevalence rates with the n u m b e r of treated, indicates that too few w o m e n are treated. Women do not have a higher postoperative mortali W but those surviving surgery have a higher mortali W rate t h a n the control population, a difference w h i c h is less profound for m e n with AAA.
39
Reasons for Gender Differences in Prescription of Drug Therapies in Rheumatoid ArthritisResults from the Database of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centres Doerte Huscher; Katja Thiele; Carolin Weber; a n d Angela Zink
in eight of nine (90%). Average HF tended to decrease from 304 + 195.6 msec 2 to 283.2 + 182.7 msec 2 (P = 0.59). Average LF/HF tended to decrease from 2.14 + 0.90 to 2.08 + 1.16 (P = 0.33). C o n c l u s i o n : Kampo therapy was effective for improving symptoms suffered from peri-menopausal autonomic imbalance. Further study needs to evaluate the relation between the autonomic activity and Kampo therapy.
36
p63 and Notch Pathway in Male Germ Cell Tumors Tetsuo Hayashi; Soichiro Yoshida; Atsushi Yoshinaga; Rena Ohno; N o b u y u k i Ishii; Toshiya Terao; a n d Takumi Yamada
Department of Urology,, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan The male germ cell t u m o r is uniquely radio-sensitive and chemo-curable and the balance between differentiation and apoptosis of male germ cells is governed by TAp63, one of p63 isoforms, through the Notch pathway and p53 target genes. Therefore, we examined the expressions of p63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 in testicular germ cell tumors with the aim of evaluating their possible relationship with the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors. TAp63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed in non-cancerous testicular tissues, and p63; Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins were detectable in germ cells. In seminomas, Notch 1 and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed at low level, whereas TAp63 mRNA was highly expressed, and the t u m o r cells were negative for Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins, while p63 protein was detectable. On the other hand, in embryonal carcinomas and choriocarcinomas, TAp63 and Jagged 2 mRNAs were expressed at low level, whereas Notch 1 mRNA was highly expressed, and t u m o r cells were negative for p63 and Jagged 2 proteins but Notch 1 protein was detectable. In teratomas, TAp63, Notch 1, and Jagged 2 mRNAs were highly expressed and p63, Notch 1 and Jagged 2 proteins were detectable. Our results offer, for the first time, the possibility that the activity of the p63 and Notch pathway correlates with the different histological subtypes of male germ cell tumors, w h i c h may be responsible for characteristics of cancer cells such as responses to c h e m o t h e r a p y and/or irradiation.
37
Gender Differences, Morbidity, and Mortality: The Danish Experiences. Register-Based Analyses Combined with Reflections About Stress as Mediator of Disease Karin Helweg-Larsenl; a n d Birgit Petersson 2
iNational Institute of Public Health, Copenhagen, Denmark; and 2University off Copenhagen, Denmark Few countries have access to comprehensive data about all hospital contacts and thus to analyse gender differences in cause-specific health care contacts in relation to gender differences in risk factors and mortality. Based u p o n data in the Danish National Patient Register and data from 1689 Danish w o m e n and 1392 Danish m e n between 45 and 55 years from different professional groups, we analyse trends in morbidity a m o n g m e n and w o m e n in a context that consider gender specificity and gender differences in correlations between risk factors, morbidity, and mortality.
$54
The trend in m e a n life expectancy in Denmark differs from comparable countries and there are less gender differences in life expectancy t h a n in most other OECD countries. The relatively low life expectancy is due to a higher mortality a m o n g 45-64-year-olds and can partly be explained by lifestyle factors, primarily tobacco smoking. These factors may also contribute to the relatively small gender differences in cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive lung disease. However, a n u m b e r of other factors related to female living conditions in Denmark may also explain gender differences in general morbidity and disease-specific morbidity for example in a u t o i m m u n e diseases and related conditions. The trend in morbidity and mortality a m o n g m e n and w o m e n in Denmark illuminates gender-specific differences in physiology and reactions to risk factors and contributes to knowledge about basic sex differences.
38
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Women Rebecka Hultgrenl; E m m a Larssonl; Fredrik Granath2; a n d Jesper S w e d e n b o r g 1
iDepariment of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska Instituter, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; and 2Department for Medical Statistics, Karolinska Instituter, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden B a c k g r o u n d : Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a comm o n and potentially lethal condition due to rupture. It is 4-6 times more c o m m o n in men. A different distribution of risk factors possibly contributes to this difference. W o m e n have a higher m e a n age w h e n treated, are more often rejected for surgery, and possibly have poorer postoperative results. A i m : To identify the n u m b e r of interventions and mortali W for w o m e n and m e n treated for ruptured and nonruptured AAA in Sweden. M e t h o d : All patients treated for AAA 1987-2002 were identified in the registries of the National Board of Health and Welfare. Age, sex, diagnosis, surgical procedure, and short and long term mortali W were extracted. R e s u l t s : 10,302 Men and 1961 w o m e n were identified. 47 Persons/one million inhabitants were treated in 1987 compared to 105 in 2002. 8193 were treated for nonruptured and 4070 for ruptured AAA. Standardised mortali W rates were significantly higher for w o m e n compared to m e n (2.96 vs 1.94), a difference explained by higher mortality from cardiovascular causes. Thir W percent of all w o m e n were treated for ruptured aneurysms compared to 33% of m e n (P < 0.001). ThirW-day mortality rates were equal for w o m e n and m e n (17.1% vs 16.7%). C o n c l u s i o n : A growing n u m b e r in the population are treated. Comparison of reported prevalence rates with the n u m b e r of treated, indicates that too few w o m e n are treated. Women do not have a higher postoperative mortali W but those surviving surgery have a higher mortali W rate t h a n the control population, a difference w h i c h is less profound for m e n with AAA.
39
Reasons for Gender Differences in Prescription of Drug Therapies in Rheumatoid ArthritisResults from the Database of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centres Doerte Huscher; Katja Thiele; Carolin Weber; a n d Angela Zink