- Email: [email protected]
Abstract: 988 EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK & OUTCOMES
Plenary Session III - Lifestyle and Atherosclerosis Abstract: 988 Citation: Atherosclerosis Supplement 2009, Vol. 10, Issue 2
EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK & OUTCOMES P Nestel Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne Total fat is variably linked to CVD than individual fatty acids. However within patterns of food intake, eating clusters of low-fat foods predicts lower risks. Adverse effects on CV risk factors and functions: lipoproteins, vascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, arrhythmia, inflammatory markers, atherosclerotic plaques relate to consumption of saturated FA (SFA) and trans FA (TFA) directly but generally inversely with unsaturated FA including linoleic acid (LA), long chain LC PUFA (EPA/ DHA) and to some extent Į-linolenic acid (ALA). These differences define cohort study outcomes and observational studies. Dietary interventions are difficult but 2 large trials (Los Angeles VA Study and Helsinki Mental Hospitals Study) showed that substituting LA for SFA lowered future CHD. Supplementary LC PUFA (GISSI trial) showed fewer CHD events especially sudden cardiac deaths consistent with anti-arrhythmic property of LCPUFA. Fewer CHD events with supplementary EPA occurred in JELIS trial among Japanese who also have less atherosclerosis in a high fish eating setting. Some observational studies suggest ALA may also be cardioprotective but interventions with ALA have been small and inconclusive. Despite earlier observations that dietary cholesterol may predict CVD risk, later cohort studies were negative. However the association may be positive in presence of diabetes. Egg consumption/cholesterol raised mortality in diabetic male physicians and CHD risk in diabetic nurses. In the Chicago Western Electric Study risk of CHD mortality was greater in lean than obese men. Thus, dietary N-3 LCPUFA and linoleic acid exert beneficial effects on many physiological functions derangement of which increases CVD risk. Benefits are reflected in observational and cohort studies and in intervention trials.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY FATTY ACIDS AND CHOLESTEROL ON CARDIOVASCULAR RISK & OUTCOMES P Nestel Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne Total fat is variably linked to CVD than individual fatty acids. However within patterns of food intake, eating clusters of low-fat foods predicts lower risks. Adverse effects on CV risk factors and functions: lipoproteins, vascular reactivity, arterial stiffness, arrhythmia, inflammatory markers, atherosclerotic plaques relate to consumption of saturated FA (SFA) and trans FA (TFA) directly but generally inversely with unsaturated FA including linoleic acid (LA), long chain LC PUFA (EPA/ DHA) and to some extent Į-linolenic acid (ALA). These differences define cohort study outcomes and observational studies. Dietary interventions are difficult but 2 large trials (Los Angeles VA Study and Helsinki Mental Hospitals Study) showed that substituting LA for SFA lowered future CHD. Supplementary LC PUFA (GISSI trial) showed fewer CHD events especially sudden cardiac deaths consistent with anti-arrhythmic property of LCPUFA. Fewer CHD events with supplementary EPA occurred in JELIS trial among Japanese who also have less atherosclerosis in a high fish eating setting. Some observational studies suggest ALA may also be cardioprotective but interventions with ALA have been small and inconclusive. Despite earlier observations that dietary cholesterol may predict CVD risk, later cohort studies were negative. However the association may be positive in presence of diabetes. Egg consumption/cholesterol raised mortality in diabetic male physicians and CHD risk in diabetic nurses. In the Chicago Western Electric Study risk of CHD mortality was greater in lean than obese men. Thus, dietary N-3 LCPUFA and linoleic acid exert beneficial effects on many physiological functions derangement of which increases CVD risk. Benefits are reflected in observational and cohort studies and in intervention trials.