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Abstract ID: 10 Monte Carlo based validation of Compton scattering for 5 MV and 10 MV photon beams using aluminium and tungsten targets
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Abstracts / Physica Medica 42 (2017) 1–50
Abstract ID: 10 Monte Carlo based validation of Compton scattering for 5 MV and 10 MV photon beams using aluminium and tungsten targets Amol Jagtap Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Physics, Pune, India The scattered photon energy spectrum from Tungsten and Aluminium target for photon of energies 5MV and 10MV have been studied at angle 0, 45, 90 degree and in target region by using EGSnrc based FLURZnrc Monte Carlo code. Photon cross section calculations are briefly reviewed by HJ Hubbell [1]. The physical interaction models and approximations for electron and photon transport which are used in Monte Carlo Simulation codes are reviewed by Salvet et al. [2]. Parallel monoenergetic photon beam of radius 0.1 cm was made incident on target of thickness 1 cm and radius 1 cm. All the spectrums are scored in 1 1 cm2 area at 10 cm distance in vacuum. Verification and validation of EGSnrc Monte Carlo code with the Compton scattering formula is done for Cs-137 and Co-60 and results are found in good agreement. It is observed that presence of energy spread of scattered photon of energy 0.4 MV and 1.4 MV for 5 MV and 10 MV photon beams respectively at an angle of 0 degree for both the target materials. The calculated energy of scattered photon at angles 0 and 45 degree are consistent with Compton scattering formula. It is observed that Compton scattering formula does not give correct value for energy of scattered photon for both photon energies of 5 MV and 10 MV at an angle of 90 degree when compared with the Monte Carlo results. Calculation of total fluence in all region of interest involves photons of energy 0.511 MV which are created in annihilation process.
References 1. Hubbell JH. Review and history of photon cross section calculations. Phys Med Biol 2006;51:R245–62. 2. Salvat F, Jose MFV. Overview of physical interaction models for photon and electron transport used in Monte Carlo codes. Metrologia 2009;46:S112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.004
Abstract ID: 14 Montecarlo calculation of reaction cross sections for the production of innovative radionuclides Andrea Fontana a,*, Luciano Canton b, Juan Esposito c, Liliana Mou c, Gaia Pupillo c, Carlos Rossi Alvarez c a
INFN – Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy INFN – Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy c INFN – Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy ⇑ Presenting author. b
The production of innovative radionuclides in the context of theranostics is currently a topic of great interest. Various INFN projects are underway in search of new data and new techniques for radionuclides production. Among the possible channels under study, recent developments indicate 67Cu and 47Sc as good candidates competitive with more traditional nuclides, thanks to their application both for diagnostic and for therapy. INFN recently started two projects for the measurement of proton-induced reactions, considering the forthcoming use of the high-performance cyclotron installed at INFN-LNL (70 MeV maximum energy): COME in CSN3 (2016) and PASTA in CSN5 (Young Researchers grants 2016). The knowledge of reaction cross sections at low-intermediate energies is crucial in this context and, in parallel to the need of new measurements, it is important also to review the current situation in the reaction-model simulation of the production yields, by
using the existing and available nuclear reaction codes. In particular the FLUKA code, based on the PEANUT (Pre-Equilibrium Approach to Nuclear Thermalisation) model, was used to calculate the production of residual nuclei in different experiments and is already validated with data. In this study we use FLUKA to calculate the reaction cross sections for the production of copper and scandium isotopes at the energy of interest for the LARAMED project (10–100 MeV). A comparison of the results obtained with dedicated codes (Talys and Empire) and with available experimental data is also given. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.005
Abstract ID: 15 Experimental verification of 4D Monte Carlo calculations of dose delivered to a deforming anatomy Joanna E. Cygler a,b,*, Sara Gholampourkashi b, Emily Heath b a The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Medical Physics Department, Ottawa, Canada b Carleton University, Department of Physics, Ottawa, Canada ⇑ Presenting author.
The aim of this work is to validate 4D Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method [1] for reconstructing dose delivered to a breathing patient. Static and VMAT plans were delivered to a deformable lung phantom by an Elekta Agility linear accelerator and measured doses were compared with simulations. Measurements were performed in a deformable lung phantom containing a 2.6 cm diameter tumour with the phantom in stationary and moving (sinusoidal) states. Dose within the tumor was measured using EBT3 film and a RADPOS detector connected to the RADPOS 4D dosimetry system [2]. Dose inside the lung was measured by another RADPOS detector mounted outside the tumor at 1.5 cm from the tumor center. A single 6 MV 3 3 cm2 square field and a VMAT plan, both covering the tumour, were created on the end-of-inhale CT scans using Monaco V.5.10.02. A validated BEAMnrc model of our Elekta linac was used for all MC simulations. For 4D simulations, deformation vectors were generated by deformable registration of end-of-exhale to end-ofinhale 4DCT images using Velocity AI 3.2.0 as input to the 4DdefDOSXYZnrc code along with the phantom motion trace recorded with RADPOS. Dose values from MC simulations and measurements were found to be within 3.5% of each other. The passing rate for a gamma comparison of 3%/2 mm between Monte Carlo simulations and film measurements were found to be better than 98%. In conclusion, our 4D Monte Carlo simulations using the defDOSXYZnrc code accurately calculates dose delivered to a deforming anatomy. Future work will focus on irregular respiratory motion patterns.
References 1. Gholampourkashi S, Vujicic M, Belec J, Cygler JE, Heath E. Experimental verification of 4D Monte Carlo simulations of dose delivery to a moving anatomy. Med Phys 2017;44(1):299–310. 2. Cherpak A, Ding W, Hallil A, Cygler JE. Evaluation of a novel 4D in vivo dosimetry system. Med Phys 2009;36(5):1672–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.006
Abstract ID: 16 Automated Monte Carlo QA system for volumetric modulated arc therapy: Possibilities and challenges Roumiana Chakarova a,b,*, Marcus Krantz a, Rickard Cronholm c, Peter Andersson a, Andreas Hallqvist d
Abstracts / Physica Medica 42 (2017) 1–50
Abstract ID: 10 Monte Carlo based validation of Compton scattering for 5 MV and 10 MV photon beams using aluminium and tungsten targets Amol Jagtap Savitribai Phule Pune University, Department of Physics, Pune, India The scattered photon energy spectrum from Tungsten and Aluminium target for photon of energies 5MV and 10MV have been studied at angle 0, 45, 90 degree and in target region by using EGSnrc based FLURZnrc Monte Carlo code. Photon cross section calculations are briefly reviewed by HJ Hubbell [1]. The physical interaction models and approximations for electron and photon transport which are used in Monte Carlo Simulation codes are reviewed by Salvet et al. [2]. Parallel monoenergetic photon beam of radius 0.1 cm was made incident on target of thickness 1 cm and radius 1 cm. All the spectrums are scored in 1 1 cm2 area at 10 cm distance in vacuum. Verification and validation of EGSnrc Monte Carlo code with the Compton scattering formula is done for Cs-137 and Co-60 and results are found in good agreement. It is observed that presence of energy spread of scattered photon of energy 0.4 MV and 1.4 MV for 5 MV and 10 MV photon beams respectively at an angle of 0 degree for both the target materials. The calculated energy of scattered photon at angles 0 and 45 degree are consistent with Compton scattering formula. It is observed that Compton scattering formula does not give correct value for energy of scattered photon for both photon energies of 5 MV and 10 MV at an angle of 90 degree when compared with the Monte Carlo results. Calculation of total fluence in all region of interest involves photons of energy 0.511 MV which are created in annihilation process.
References 1. Hubbell JH. Review and history of photon cross section calculations. Phys Med Biol 2006;51:R245–62. 2. Salvat F, Jose MFV. Overview of physical interaction models for photon and electron transport used in Monte Carlo codes. Metrologia 2009;46:S112–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.004
Abstract ID: 14 Montecarlo calculation of reaction cross sections for the production of innovative radionuclides Andrea Fontana a,*, Luciano Canton b, Juan Esposito c, Liliana Mou c, Gaia Pupillo c, Carlos Rossi Alvarez c a
INFN – Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy INFN – Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy c INFN – Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, Italy ⇑ Presenting author. b
The production of innovative radionuclides in the context of theranostics is currently a topic of great interest. Various INFN projects are underway in search of new data and new techniques for radionuclides production. Among the possible channels under study, recent developments indicate 67Cu and 47Sc as good candidates competitive with more traditional nuclides, thanks to their application both for diagnostic and for therapy. INFN recently started two projects for the measurement of proton-induced reactions, considering the forthcoming use of the high-performance cyclotron installed at INFN-LNL (70 MeV maximum energy): COME in CSN3 (2016) and PASTA in CSN5 (Young Researchers grants 2016). The knowledge of reaction cross sections at low-intermediate energies is crucial in this context and, in parallel to the need of new measurements, it is important also to review the current situation in the reaction-model simulation of the production yields, by
using the existing and available nuclear reaction codes. In particular the FLUKA code, based on the PEANUT (Pre-Equilibrium Approach to Nuclear Thermalisation) model, was used to calculate the production of residual nuclei in different experiments and is already validated with data. In this study we use FLUKA to calculate the reaction cross sections for the production of copper and scandium isotopes at the energy of interest for the LARAMED project (10–100 MeV). A comparison of the results obtained with dedicated codes (Talys and Empire) and with available experimental data is also given. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.005
Abstract ID: 15 Experimental verification of 4D Monte Carlo calculations of dose delivered to a deforming anatomy Joanna E. Cygler a,b,*, Sara Gholampourkashi b, Emily Heath b a The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Medical Physics Department, Ottawa, Canada b Carleton University, Department of Physics, Ottawa, Canada ⇑ Presenting author.
The aim of this work is to validate 4D Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method [1] for reconstructing dose delivered to a breathing patient. Static and VMAT plans were delivered to a deformable lung phantom by an Elekta Agility linear accelerator and measured doses were compared with simulations. Measurements were performed in a deformable lung phantom containing a 2.6 cm diameter tumour with the phantom in stationary and moving (sinusoidal) states. Dose within the tumor was measured using EBT3 film and a RADPOS detector connected to the RADPOS 4D dosimetry system [2]. Dose inside the lung was measured by another RADPOS detector mounted outside the tumor at 1.5 cm from the tumor center. A single 6 MV 3 3 cm2 square field and a VMAT plan, both covering the tumour, were created on the end-of-inhale CT scans using Monaco V.5.10.02. A validated BEAMnrc model of our Elekta linac was used for all MC simulations. For 4D simulations, deformation vectors were generated by deformable registration of end-of-exhale to end-ofinhale 4DCT images using Velocity AI 3.2.0 as input to the 4DdefDOSXYZnrc code along with the phantom motion trace recorded with RADPOS. Dose values from MC simulations and measurements were found to be within 3.5% of each other. The passing rate for a gamma comparison of 3%/2 mm between Monte Carlo simulations and film measurements were found to be better than 98%. In conclusion, our 4D Monte Carlo simulations using the defDOSXYZnrc code accurately calculates dose delivered to a deforming anatomy. Future work will focus on irregular respiratory motion patterns.
References 1. Gholampourkashi S, Vujicic M, Belec J, Cygler JE, Heath E. Experimental verification of 4D Monte Carlo simulations of dose delivery to a moving anatomy. Med Phys 2017;44(1):299–310. 2. Cherpak A, Ding W, Hallil A, Cygler JE. Evaluation of a novel 4D in vivo dosimetry system. Med Phys 2009;36(5):1672–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2017.09.006
Abstract ID: 16 Automated Monte Carlo QA system for volumetric modulated arc therapy: Possibilities and challenges Roumiana Chakarova a,b,*, Marcus Krantz a, Rickard Cronholm c, Peter Andersson a, Andreas Hallqvist d