- Email: [email protected]
Abstract – Poster presentation
JSHA 423
No. of Pages 3, Model
ABSTRACTS
6 July 2017
2
Abstract – Poster presentation
34
5 6 7
1. Effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular death in subgroups by age: Results from EMPA-REG outcome
8
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.024
9 10
Mahmoud Elrouby, Elvira Toural
11
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Empagliflozin is a potent and selective SGLT2-I used in the treatment of T2DM. Methodology: Study design: Patients with T2DM and established CV disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR;) P30 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care for T2DM and CV risk management. The trial continued until 691 patients experienced an adjudicated event included in the primary outcome: 3P-MACE Analyses. Outcomes were assessed in patients treated with P1 dose of study drug CV death was analysed in the pooled empagliflozin group vs placebo in subgroups by baseline age Cumulative incidence function estimates were corrected for mortality as a competing risk. Results: The reduction in risk of CV death with empagliflozin vs placebo was consistent across age categories. Conclusion: Empagliflozin in addition to standard of care reduced the risk of CV death in patients with T2DM and high CV risk irrespective of age at baseline. Across age subgroups, reported adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of empagliflozin. Greater proportions of patients had events consistent with genital infections with the empagliflozin than placebo in all age subgroups. Diabetic ketoacidosis adverse events were rare and balanced overall between the empagliflozin and placebo groups. Events consistent with volume
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
depletion were comparable between empagliflozin and placebo groups, except for a slightly higher frequency with empagliflozin than placebo in patients aged P75 years.
41 42 43 44 45 47 46 48
2. Anemia in heart failure – The underdog of risk predictors?
49
Dalia Ali, El Tayyeb Alameen, Iyad Farah, Dawoud Hydoub, Mohammad Bdier
51 53 52 54
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Anemia is frequent in chronic heart failure and has shown to reduce survival in heart failure, particularly in patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, there is paucity of such data in a Saudi heart failure population. Methodology: We studied patients enrolled in a dedicated Heart Failure Disease Management Programme (n = 2727, 72% male). Clinical characteristics and mortality data were analysed for the entire cohort and categorized using WHO Classification of anaemia. Categorical variables were presented as percentages, compared by chi-square test and expressed as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized as mean ± SD. Relationship between parameters was analysed using regression analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meir curves. Data was analysed using JMP(SAS for Windows and p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Some 35% patients had anemia, of which 10% was severe. Some 20% had Hb >15 g/dl. Patients with anemia were older, more likely to be NYHA Class
55
P.O. Box 2925 Riyadh – 11461KSA Tel: +966 1 2520088 ext 40151 Fax: +966 1 2520718 Email: [email protected] URL: www.sha.org.sa
1
1016-7315 Ó 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. URL: www.ksu.edu.sa doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.005
Production and hosting by Elsevier
50
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
JSHA 423
No. of Pages 3, Model
6 July 2017
2
ABSTRACT – POSTER PRESENTATION
ABSTRACTS 89
II–III, have renal impairment and reduced ejection fraction (all p < 0.0001). Anemic patients were less likely to receive ACEI, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists (all p < 0.001) and more likely to be on diuretics, vasodilators and anti-platelets (all p < 0.001). Anemic patients had significantly reduced survival (log rank p < 0.0001), as shown by Kaplan Meir curve analysis. Conclusion: Anemia is quite prevalent in a Saudi heart failure population with a significant preponderance in older patients with significant comorbidities. It is also associated with poor survival compared with those with normal haemoglobin levels.
90 92 91
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.025
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
93 94 95 96
97 98 100 99 101
3. Gender differences in cardiorespiratory fitness among saudi patients referred for treadmil exercise stress testing Amal Alqrafi, Amal Alqrafi, Lujain Bin Othman, Sufian Al-Zomaie, Amjad Ahmed, Mouaz Al-Mallah
133
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor of morbidity and cardiac mortality. The gender differences of cardiorespiratory fitness in Saudi population is not well-descriped. The aim of the study is to determine the gender differences in CRF (workload achieved and chronotropic incompitance(CI)) among Saudi patients referred for treadmil exercise stress testing. Methodology: A cross-sectional study that included patients who underwent a clinically indicated treadmail exercise stress testing following Bruce protocol between 2001 and 2015 in a Saudi tertiary care hospital. Patients yonger than 18 years old, or had a non-Bruce protocol exercise stress testing or pharmacoloical stress testing were excluded from the study. Linear and logistic regressions were used to determine the impact of gender on the choronotropic incompitance and workload achieved measured in metabolic equivelant of task (METs). Results: A total of 10,673 were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were 40.4%, 63.4% and 17.5%, respectively. In general, male patients had a higher METs achieved (11 vs. 8) than female patients. On the other hand, male patients had more often CI. Using multivariate loginstic regression, males had higher tendency (7 times) than females to achieve 10 METs or more with no differences in CI. Conclusion: Our studyhighlight an existence of a significant wide CRF gap between males and females in the Saudi population. The prognostic impact of these findings need further evaluation.
134 136 135
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.026
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
137
J Saudi Heart Assoc 2017;xxx:xxx–xxx
4. Identification of a novel nonsense variant C.1332DUP, P. (D445*) in the LDLR gene that causes familial hypercholesterolemia
138
Faisal Al-Allaf, Mohammad Athar, Zainularifeen Abduljaleel, Abdellatif Bouazzaoui, Taher Mohiuddin, Rakan Own, Ahmad Al-Allaf, Iman Abumansour, Zohor Azhar, Faisal Ba-Hammam, Halah Abalkhail, Abdullah Alashwal
141
Abstract type: Basic Science Research. Presentation type: Digital Poster. Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease predominantly caused by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. Here, we describe two severely affected FH patients from the same Saudi family, who were resistant to statin therapy and were managed on an apheresis program. Methodology: Two proband samples were collected from the patients. Direct sequencing of the LDLR gene was performed by using the Sanger sequencing method. Results: We identified a novel duplication variant c.1332dup, p. (D445*) at exon 9 and a known silent variant c.1413A>G, p. (=), rs5930, NM_001195798.1 at exon 10 of the LDLR gene in both patients. Both probands were homozygous for the mutation, which is located in the EGF-precursor homology domain of the LDLR protein, and show severe FH phenotype. Conclusion: The duplication variant results in the production of a defective LDL receptor containing the p. (D445*) variant. This variant results in a premature stop codon at position 445 in exon 9 of the LDLR gene, which results in truncation of the protein. The segregation pattern of the variant is consistent with the lipid profile, suggesting a more severe FH phenotype when the variant is in the homozygous state. Finding of this study could be very useful in developing critical genetic screen for potential FH patients. In addition, these data contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of FH in Saudis.
148
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.027
139 140
142 143 144 146 145 147
149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 181 180 182
5. Incidence of herceptin induced cardiomyopathy in treated breast cancer patients: A prospective single center study in Saudi Arabia
183
Abdelrahman Jamiel, Omalkhair Abualkhair, Amjad Ahmed, Mouaz Al-Mallah
186 188 187 189
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Digital Poster. Introduction: Herceptin therapy is currently a standard therapy for receptor positive breast cancer. Prior studies suggested that Herceptin reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence. Nevertheless, cardiotoxicity is a well-
190
184 185
191 192 193 194 195
JSHA 423
No. of Pages 3, Model
6 July 2017
232
known adverse effect of cancer related therapies. Early identification of patients at risk for cardiotoxicity could prevent late cardiovascular complications. In Saudi Arabia, there is limited published data about Herceptin cardiotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of Herceptin induced cardiomyopathy in a prospective well controlled manner. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted at king abdulaziz medial city between January 2012 and December 2013. The study included all patients who had proven breast cancer and were eligible for Herceptin therapy. Patients with prior cardiovascular diseases or pregnant patients were excluded. Herceptin therapy was administered according to standard guideline for management. Patients were followed up for one year: clinically every three weeks in the first three month then every three months for one year. Furthermore, Echocardiography and troponin evaluation were obtained every three months, and cardiac magnetic resonance scanning every 6 months. Results: A total of 50 patients (mean age 47 ± 10 years, 96% were Saudis) without previous cardiovascular diseases were included. Using echocardiography criteria, 4(8%) patients developed cardiomyopathy. During follow-up, 75% of them had a persistent low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%, while only one patient recovered her LVEF. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was done in 45 patients, one third had normal GLS (< 18). On the other hand, using CMR, only one patient had a significant dropped in the LVEF (from 61% to 48%) while another patient developed new myocardial delayed enhancement. Conclusion: Our study showed low incidence rate of cardiomyopathy toxicity due to Herceptin therapy in Saudi individuals. However, the rate of cardiomyopathy differs by the criteria used as well as the imaging modality used to assess LV function.
233 235 234
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.028
196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231
236
ABSTRACT – POSTER PRESENTATION
3
ABSTRACTS
J Saudi Heart Assoc 2017;xxx:xxx–xxx
6. Label-free selective plane illumination microscopy of tissue samples
237
Muteb Alharbi, Saleh Khonezan, Melissa Mather, Abdulrahman Almaymn
239 241 240 242
Abstract type: Basic Science Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: There is an increasing demand for non-invasive, label-free, three-dimensional imaging techniques for characterisation of optically turbid samples such as tissue engineered constructs, used in Regenerative Medicine, and native tissue for medical diagnosis. Selective plane provide both high temporal and spatial information, deliver rapid results, are capable of assessing quality control criteria of engineered products and are applicable to a clinical environment. Many existing optical imaging techniques are not suitable for imaging samples that are non-transparent and turbid. In this project a unique technique which is Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy will be demonstrated. The imaging capabilities of this new method will be compared with existing techniques including bright field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Methodology: Test samples of polystyrene microbeads were prepared to simulate tissue. Red (6 micron in diameter) and clear microbeads (8 micron in diameter) were used to represent tissues that are and are not highly perfused with blood. For comparison with fluorescence imaging techniques, samples containing fluorescent beads were also prepared. The samples were imaged using bright field microscopy, Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Native tissue samples were also studied and as above samples with different optical absorption and scattering properties. Chicken tendon and sheep kidney were used. Results: Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy have the capability to image highly scattering and absorbing tissue in 3D. Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy (SPIM) is a fast method for imaging tissue samples with high lateral and axial resolution and good depth penetration. Conclusion: Overall this method meets the demands of the current needs for 3D imaging tissue samples in a label-free manner. Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy directly provides excellent information about the structure of the tissue samples. This work has highlighted the superiority of Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy to current approaches to label-free 3D imaging of tissue.
243
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.029
238
244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 289 288 290 291
No. of Pages 3, Model
ABSTRACTS
6 July 2017
2
Abstract – Poster presentation
34
5 6 7
1. Effect of empagliflozin on cardiovascular death in subgroups by age: Results from EMPA-REG outcome
8
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.024
9 10
Mahmoud Elrouby, Elvira Toural
11
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Empagliflozin is a potent and selective SGLT2-I used in the treatment of T2DM. Methodology: Study design: Patients with T2DM and established CV disease, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR;) P30 ml/min/1.73 m2 were randomized to receive empagliflozin 10 mg, 25 mg, or placebo once daily in addition to standard of care for T2DM and CV risk management. The trial continued until 691 patients experienced an adjudicated event included in the primary outcome: 3P-MACE Analyses. Outcomes were assessed in patients treated with P1 dose of study drug CV death was analysed in the pooled empagliflozin group vs placebo in subgroups by baseline age Cumulative incidence function estimates were corrected for mortality as a competing risk. Results: The reduction in risk of CV death with empagliflozin vs placebo was consistent across age categories. Conclusion: Empagliflozin in addition to standard of care reduced the risk of CV death in patients with T2DM and high CV risk irrespective of age at baseline. Across age subgroups, reported adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of empagliflozin. Greater proportions of patients had events consistent with genital infections with the empagliflozin than placebo in all age subgroups. Diabetic ketoacidosis adverse events were rare and balanced overall between the empagliflozin and placebo groups. Events consistent with volume
12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
depletion were comparable between empagliflozin and placebo groups, except for a slightly higher frequency with empagliflozin than placebo in patients aged P75 years.
41 42 43 44 45 47 46 48
2. Anemia in heart failure – The underdog of risk predictors?
49
Dalia Ali, El Tayyeb Alameen, Iyad Farah, Dawoud Hydoub, Mohammad Bdier
51 53 52 54
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Anemia is frequent in chronic heart failure and has shown to reduce survival in heart failure, particularly in patients with reduced ejection fraction. However, there is paucity of such data in a Saudi heart failure population. Methodology: We studied patients enrolled in a dedicated Heart Failure Disease Management Programme (n = 2727, 72% male). Clinical characteristics and mortality data were analysed for the entire cohort and categorized using WHO Classification of anaemia. Categorical variables were presented as percentages, compared by chi-square test and expressed as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. Continuous data were summarized as mean ± SD. Relationship between parameters was analysed using regression analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan Meir curves. Data was analysed using JMP(SAS for Windows and p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: Some 35% patients had anemia, of which 10% was severe. Some 20% had Hb >15 g/dl. Patients with anemia were older, more likely to be NYHA Class
55
P.O. Box 2925 Riyadh – 11461KSA Tel: +966 1 2520088 ext 40151 Fax: +966 1 2520718 Email: [email protected] URL: www.sha.org.sa
1
1016-7315 Ó 2017 Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. Peer review under responsibility of King Saud University. URL: www.ksu.edu.sa doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.005
Production and hosting by Elsevier
50
56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77
JSHA 423
No. of Pages 3, Model
6 July 2017
2
ABSTRACT – POSTER PRESENTATION
ABSTRACTS 89
II–III, have renal impairment and reduced ejection fraction (all p < 0.0001). Anemic patients were less likely to receive ACEI, beta blockers, aldosterone antagonists (all p < 0.001) and more likely to be on diuretics, vasodilators and anti-platelets (all p < 0.001). Anemic patients had significantly reduced survival (log rank p < 0.0001), as shown by Kaplan Meir curve analysis. Conclusion: Anemia is quite prevalent in a Saudi heart failure population with a significant preponderance in older patients with significant comorbidities. It is also associated with poor survival compared with those with normal haemoglobin levels.
90 92 91
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.025
78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88
93 94 95 96
97 98 100 99 101
3. Gender differences in cardiorespiratory fitness among saudi patients referred for treadmil exercise stress testing Amal Alqrafi, Amal Alqrafi, Lujain Bin Othman, Sufian Al-Zomaie, Amjad Ahmed, Mouaz Al-Mallah
133
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor of morbidity and cardiac mortality. The gender differences of cardiorespiratory fitness in Saudi population is not well-descriped. The aim of the study is to determine the gender differences in CRF (workload achieved and chronotropic incompitance(CI)) among Saudi patients referred for treadmil exercise stress testing. Methodology: A cross-sectional study that included patients who underwent a clinically indicated treadmail exercise stress testing following Bruce protocol between 2001 and 2015 in a Saudi tertiary care hospital. Patients yonger than 18 years old, or had a non-Bruce protocol exercise stress testing or pharmacoloical stress testing were excluded from the study. Linear and logistic regressions were used to determine the impact of gender on the choronotropic incompitance and workload achieved measured in metabolic equivelant of task (METs). Results: A total of 10,673 were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia were 40.4%, 63.4% and 17.5%, respectively. In general, male patients had a higher METs achieved (11 vs. 8) than female patients. On the other hand, male patients had more often CI. Using multivariate loginstic regression, males had higher tendency (7 times) than females to achieve 10 METs or more with no differences in CI. Conclusion: Our studyhighlight an existence of a significant wide CRF gap between males and females in the Saudi population. The prognostic impact of these findings need further evaluation.
134 136 135
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.026
102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132
137
J Saudi Heart Assoc 2017;xxx:xxx–xxx
4. Identification of a novel nonsense variant C.1332DUP, P. (D445*) in the LDLR gene that causes familial hypercholesterolemia
138
Faisal Al-Allaf, Mohammad Athar, Zainularifeen Abduljaleel, Abdellatif Bouazzaoui, Taher Mohiuddin, Rakan Own, Ahmad Al-Allaf, Iman Abumansour, Zohor Azhar, Faisal Ba-Hammam, Halah Abalkhail, Abdullah Alashwal
141
Abstract type: Basic Science Research. Presentation type: Digital Poster. Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disease predominantly caused by a mutation in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene. Here, we describe two severely affected FH patients from the same Saudi family, who were resistant to statin therapy and were managed on an apheresis program. Methodology: Two proband samples were collected from the patients. Direct sequencing of the LDLR gene was performed by using the Sanger sequencing method. Results: We identified a novel duplication variant c.1332dup, p. (D445*) at exon 9 and a known silent variant c.1413A>G, p. (=), rs5930, NM_001195798.1 at exon 10 of the LDLR gene in both patients. Both probands were homozygous for the mutation, which is located in the EGF-precursor homology domain of the LDLR protein, and show severe FH phenotype. Conclusion: The duplication variant results in the production of a defective LDL receptor containing the p. (D445*) variant. This variant results in a premature stop codon at position 445 in exon 9 of the LDLR gene, which results in truncation of the protein. The segregation pattern of the variant is consistent with the lipid profile, suggesting a more severe FH phenotype when the variant is in the homozygous state. Finding of this study could be very useful in developing critical genetic screen for potential FH patients. In addition, these data contribute to the understanding of the molecular basis of FH in Saudis.
148
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.027
139 140
142 143 144 146 145 147
149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 181 180 182
5. Incidence of herceptin induced cardiomyopathy in treated breast cancer patients: A prospective single center study in Saudi Arabia
183
Abdelrahman Jamiel, Omalkhair Abualkhair, Amjad Ahmed, Mouaz Al-Mallah
186 188 187 189
Abstract type: Clinical Research. Presentation type: Digital Poster. Introduction: Herceptin therapy is currently a standard therapy for receptor positive breast cancer. Prior studies suggested that Herceptin reduced risk of breast cancer recurrence. Nevertheless, cardiotoxicity is a well-
190
184 185
191 192 193 194 195
JSHA 423
No. of Pages 3, Model
6 July 2017
232
known adverse effect of cancer related therapies. Early identification of patients at risk for cardiotoxicity could prevent late cardiovascular complications. In Saudi Arabia, there is limited published data about Herceptin cardiotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study is to estimate the incidence of Herceptin induced cardiomyopathy in a prospective well controlled manner. Methodology: This is a prospective study conducted at king abdulaziz medial city between January 2012 and December 2013. The study included all patients who had proven breast cancer and were eligible for Herceptin therapy. Patients with prior cardiovascular diseases or pregnant patients were excluded. Herceptin therapy was administered according to standard guideline for management. Patients were followed up for one year: clinically every three weeks in the first three month then every three months for one year. Furthermore, Echocardiography and troponin evaluation were obtained every three months, and cardiac magnetic resonance scanning every 6 months. Results: A total of 50 patients (mean age 47 ± 10 years, 96% were Saudis) without previous cardiovascular diseases were included. Using echocardiography criteria, 4(8%) patients developed cardiomyopathy. During follow-up, 75% of them had a persistent low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 50%, while only one patient recovered her LVEF. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) was done in 45 patients, one third had normal GLS (< 18). On the other hand, using CMR, only one patient had a significant dropped in the LVEF (from 61% to 48%) while another patient developed new myocardial delayed enhancement. Conclusion: Our study showed low incidence rate of cardiomyopathy toxicity due to Herceptin therapy in Saudi individuals. However, the rate of cardiomyopathy differs by the criteria used as well as the imaging modality used to assess LV function.
233 235 234
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.028
196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231
236
ABSTRACT – POSTER PRESENTATION
3
ABSTRACTS
J Saudi Heart Assoc 2017;xxx:xxx–xxx
6. Label-free selective plane illumination microscopy of tissue samples
237
Muteb Alharbi, Saleh Khonezan, Melissa Mather, Abdulrahman Almaymn
239 241 240 242
Abstract type: Basic Science Research. Presentation type: Poster Presentation. Introduction: There is an increasing demand for non-invasive, label-free, three-dimensional imaging techniques for characterisation of optically turbid samples such as tissue engineered constructs, used in Regenerative Medicine, and native tissue for medical diagnosis. Selective plane provide both high temporal and spatial information, deliver rapid results, are capable of assessing quality control criteria of engineered products and are applicable to a clinical environment. Many existing optical imaging techniques are not suitable for imaging samples that are non-transparent and turbid. In this project a unique technique which is Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy will be demonstrated. The imaging capabilities of this new method will be compared with existing techniques including bright field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Methodology: Test samples of polystyrene microbeads were prepared to simulate tissue. Red (6 micron in diameter) and clear microbeads (8 micron in diameter) were used to represent tissues that are and are not highly perfused with blood. For comparison with fluorescence imaging techniques, samples containing fluorescent beads were also prepared. The samples were imaged using bright field microscopy, Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy. Native tissue samples were also studied and as above samples with different optical absorption and scattering properties. Chicken tendon and sheep kidney were used. Results: Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy have the capability to image highly scattering and absorbing tissue in 3D. Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy (SPIM) is a fast method for imaging tissue samples with high lateral and axial resolution and good depth penetration. Conclusion: Overall this method meets the demands of the current needs for 3D imaging tissue samples in a label-free manner. Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy directly provides excellent information about the structure of the tissue samples. This work has highlighted the superiority of Label-free Selective Plane Microscopy to current approaches to label-free 3D imaging of tissue.
243
http://dx.doi:10.1016/j.jsha.2017.06.029
238
244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 289 288 290 291