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Abuse liability evaluation of mephedrone in humans
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CPDD 77th Annual Meeting Abstracts (2015) / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (2015) e2–e101
presence in licensed alcohol outlets in Baltimore, Maryland, with particular attention to possible disparities among varying sociodemographic neighborhood census tracts. Additionally, this study examines the relationship between e-cigarette availability and the selling of tobacco and drug products and paraphernalia within the outlets. Methods: Data were obtained via field surveys of 667 licensed Baltimore alcohol outlets to determine if licensing requirements were adequately met. Protocol included assessments for food/drink consumption areas, tobacco and drug paraphernalia, youth and minority-oriented alcohol and tobacco advertising, adherence to anti-smoking ordinances, and business practices to prevent underage tobacco and alcohol purchases. Results: Preliminary results show that of the 572 licensed alcohol outlets in Baltimore that were successfully surveyed, 107 outlets (18.7%) had e-cigarettes available for purchase at either above or below 3.5 feet from the floor. Of those 107 outlets, 5 (4.7%) had e-cigarettes available for purchase at both above and below 3.5 feet from the floor. Multiple logistic regression results showed statistically significantly higher odds ratios for e-cigarette availability when cigars (OR = 15.48, p < 0.001) or hookah (OR = 3.16, p = 0.013) were sold in an outlet. Conclusions: E-cigarette availability is sparse among Baltimore’s alcohol outlets, and very few have e-cigarettes available at heights physically accessible and visible for both adults and youth. Additionally, data suggest that e-cigarettes are sold as a complement to traditional tobacco products. Further analysis will investigate density of e-cigarette selling alcohol outlets in relation to neighborhood census tracts and their characteristics. Financial support: This study is supported by NIDA grant T32DA007292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1097 Abuse liability evaluation of mephedrone in humans ˜ 1 , Julian Mateus 1 , Magi Farre 1,∗ , Clara Pérez-Manà Mitona Pujadas 1 , Francina Fonseca 2 , Marta Torrens 2 , Rafael De la Torre 1 , Esther Papaseit 1 1
Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences, IMIM-UAB, Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD)-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain Aims: Mephedrone is a synthetic cathinone included in the “Novel Psychoactive Substances”. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical abuse liability of mephedrone in comparison to 3,4-metylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). Methods: Twelve healthy male, recreational users of psychostimulants, participated as outpatients in three experimental sessions. They received a single oral dose of mephedrone (200 mg), MDMA (100 mg) and placebo. Design was double-blind, randomised and controlled. Study variables included: vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, pupil diameter), subjective effects (visual analog scales-VAS, ARCI-49 item short form, VESSPA questionnaire). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Results: Both mephedrone and MDMA produced similar increases in blood pressure, heart rate and temperature, but MDMA produced more mydriasis. Mephedone and MDMA induced pleasurable effects and euphoria. Mephedrone effects appeared earlier, were less intense and dissipate faster. Mephedrone elimination half-life was 2–3 h.
Conclusions: Mephedrone presents an abuse liability similar to MDMA, but its shorter duration of effects can explain a more compulsive pattern of use. Financial support: Supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, FIS-FEDER, FIS PI11/0196), ISCIII-Red de Trastornos ˜ is a Rio HortAdictivos (RTA RD12/0028/0009). Clara Perez-Mana ega fellowship (ISCIII, CM12/00085). Esther Papaseit is a Jordi Gras (PSMAR, 2013) and a Rio Hortega fellowship (ISCIII, CM13/00016, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1098 Measuring “craving” in food addiction: Type, frequency, intensity M. Fatseas 1,∗ , Julie Collombat 1 , Marco Aurélio C. Rosa 1,2 , Cecile M. Denis 3,1 , Jean-Marc Alexandre 1 , Romain Debrabant 1 , F. Serre 1 , Marc Auriacombe 1 1
Addiction Psychiatry (CNRS USR 3413), Universite Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France 2 Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 3 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Aims: Craving was included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUD). Some studies showed Food Addiction (FA) might be diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria adapted from SUD. The aim of this study was to assess craving for food in patients with SUD or other addictive disorders. Methods: Consecutive subjects who sought treatment for at least one addiction (substance and non-substance) in outpatient addiction clinics in Bordeaux (France) were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview adapted for DSM-5 eating disorders, craving and FA adapted from DSM-5 SUD. Craving for sweet and fat was assed with a VAS. Results: 80 patients were enrolled, mainly men (64%), mean age 41 years (SD = 11), 43% overweight (BMI ≥ 25), 11% met eating disorders diagnosis and 28% met FA diagnosis. Craving for food was reported by 33% of the entire sample (15% for sweet, 9% for fat and 9% for sweet and fat). In past 30 days, the median of days for which patients reported craving for fat was 8 and 5 for craving for sweet. The average intensity of craving for fat was 5.7 out of 10 (SD = 2.6), and 6 out of 10 (SD = 2.9) for sweet. Patients with ED were more likely to report craving (100% vs. 26%; p = .001) and presented more likely craving for both sweet and fat (p = .003 and p = .000, respectively). Similarly, patients with FA were more likely to report craving (65% vs. 5.9%; p = .000) and presented more likely craving for both sweet and fat (p = .015 and p = .001, respectively). Severity of FA, was related to frequency of craving in past 30 days for sweet (mild = none, moderate = 5 days, severe = 22 days) and for fat (mild = 4 days, moderate = 7 days, severe = 12 days), but not with craving intensity. Conclusions: Craving appeared to be a frequently endorsed criterion in FA like in other addictive disorders. These results provide further support for the plausibility of the existence of the construct of FA. Financial support: France: PHRC 2006, Brazil: CSF, CNPq, CAPES. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1099
CPDD 77th Annual Meeting Abstracts (2015) / Drug and Alcohol Dependence 156 (2015) e2–e101
presence in licensed alcohol outlets in Baltimore, Maryland, with particular attention to possible disparities among varying sociodemographic neighborhood census tracts. Additionally, this study examines the relationship between e-cigarette availability and the selling of tobacco and drug products and paraphernalia within the outlets. Methods: Data were obtained via field surveys of 667 licensed Baltimore alcohol outlets to determine if licensing requirements were adequately met. Protocol included assessments for food/drink consumption areas, tobacco and drug paraphernalia, youth and minority-oriented alcohol and tobacco advertising, adherence to anti-smoking ordinances, and business practices to prevent underage tobacco and alcohol purchases. Results: Preliminary results show that of the 572 licensed alcohol outlets in Baltimore that were successfully surveyed, 107 outlets (18.7%) had e-cigarettes available for purchase at either above or below 3.5 feet from the floor. Of those 107 outlets, 5 (4.7%) had e-cigarettes available for purchase at both above and below 3.5 feet from the floor. Multiple logistic regression results showed statistically significantly higher odds ratios for e-cigarette availability when cigars (OR = 15.48, p < 0.001) or hookah (OR = 3.16, p = 0.013) were sold in an outlet. Conclusions: E-cigarette availability is sparse among Baltimore’s alcohol outlets, and very few have e-cigarettes available at heights physically accessible and visible for both adults and youth. Additionally, data suggest that e-cigarettes are sold as a complement to traditional tobacco products. Further analysis will investigate density of e-cigarette selling alcohol outlets in relation to neighborhood census tracts and their characteristics. Financial support: This study is supported by NIDA grant T32DA007292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1097 Abuse liability evaluation of mephedrone in humans ˜ 1 , Julian Mateus 1 , Magi Farre 1,∗ , Clara Pérez-Manà Mitona Pujadas 1 , Francina Fonseca 2 , Marta Torrens 2 , Rafael De la Torre 1 , Esther Papaseit 1 1
Human Pharmacology and Neurosciences, IMIM-UAB, Barcelona, Spain 2 Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Addiccions (INAD)-Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain Aims: Mephedrone is a synthetic cathinone included in the “Novel Psychoactive Substances”. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical abuse liability of mephedrone in comparison to 3,4-metylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy). Methods: Twelve healthy male, recreational users of psychostimulants, participated as outpatients in three experimental sessions. They received a single oral dose of mephedrone (200 mg), MDMA (100 mg) and placebo. Design was double-blind, randomised and controlled. Study variables included: vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, pupil diameter), subjective effects (visual analog scales-VAS, ARCI-49 item short form, VESSPA questionnaire). Blood and urine samples were obtained. Results: Both mephedrone and MDMA produced similar increases in blood pressure, heart rate and temperature, but MDMA produced more mydriasis. Mephedone and MDMA induced pleasurable effects and euphoria. Mephedrone effects appeared earlier, were less intense and dissipate faster. Mephedrone elimination half-life was 2–3 h.
Conclusions: Mephedrone presents an abuse liability similar to MDMA, but its shorter duration of effects can explain a more compulsive pattern of use. Financial support: Supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII, FIS-FEDER, FIS PI11/0196), ISCIII-Red de Trastornos ˜ is a Rio HortAdictivos (RTA RD12/0028/0009). Clara Perez-Mana ega fellowship (ISCIII, CM12/00085). Esther Papaseit is a Jordi Gras (PSMAR, 2013) and a Rio Hortega fellowship (ISCIII, CM13/00016, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1098 Measuring “craving” in food addiction: Type, frequency, intensity M. Fatseas 1,∗ , Julie Collombat 1 , Marco Aurélio C. Rosa 1,2 , Cecile M. Denis 3,1 , Jean-Marc Alexandre 1 , Romain Debrabant 1 , F. Serre 1 , Marc Auriacombe 1 1
Addiction Psychiatry (CNRS USR 3413), Universite Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France 2 Center for Drug and Alcohol Research, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil 3 University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States Aims: Craving was included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorders (SUD). Some studies showed Food Addiction (FA) might be diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria adapted from SUD. The aim of this study was to assess craving for food in patients with SUD or other addictive disorders. Methods: Consecutive subjects who sought treatment for at least one addiction (substance and non-substance) in outpatient addiction clinics in Bordeaux (France) were evaluated with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview adapted for DSM-5 eating disorders, craving and FA adapted from DSM-5 SUD. Craving for sweet and fat was assed with a VAS. Results: 80 patients were enrolled, mainly men (64%), mean age 41 years (SD = 11), 43% overweight (BMI ≥ 25), 11% met eating disorders diagnosis and 28% met FA diagnosis. Craving for food was reported by 33% of the entire sample (15% for sweet, 9% for fat and 9% for sweet and fat). In past 30 days, the median of days for which patients reported craving for fat was 8 and 5 for craving for sweet. The average intensity of craving for fat was 5.7 out of 10 (SD = 2.6), and 6 out of 10 (SD = 2.9) for sweet. Patients with ED were more likely to report craving (100% vs. 26%; p = .001) and presented more likely craving for both sweet and fat (p = .003 and p = .000, respectively). Similarly, patients with FA were more likely to report craving (65% vs. 5.9%; p = .000) and presented more likely craving for both sweet and fat (p = .015 and p = .001, respectively). Severity of FA, was related to frequency of craving in past 30 days for sweet (mild = none, moderate = 5 days, severe = 22 days) and for fat (mild = 4 days, moderate = 7 days, severe = 12 days), but not with craving intensity. Conclusions: Craving appeared to be a frequently endorsed criterion in FA like in other addictive disorders. These results provide further support for the plausibility of the existence of the construct of FA. Financial support: France: PHRC 2006, Brazil: CSF, CNPq, CAPES. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1099