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Accelerometer determined physical activity and body composition in community-dwelling older adults
Friday 2 November Posters / Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 15 (2012) S265–S327
714 Accelerometer determined physical activity and body composition in community-dwelling older adults F. Yi Chao, D. Doré, T. Winzenberg ∗ , G. Jones Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated a positive effect of physical activity (PA) on body composition; however, few have assessed this relationship in older community–dwelling adults using accelerometer measures of PA. The aim of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer determined PA and body fat composition in a large community-dwelling sample of older adults. Methods: A total of 636 community-dwelling older adults aged 53–84 (mean age 66, 49% male) were randomly recruited to participate in this study. Body composition, including total body fat and trunk fat, was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. PA was measured using Actigraph GT1 M accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days. We measured counts/day and minutes/day spent in sedentary ( < 1.5 METs), low intensity (1.5–2.9 METs), moderate intensity (3–5.9 METs) and vigorous intensity (> = 6 METs) activity, using existing accelerometer count thresholds for each level of intensity. The association between accelerometer measures and body fat measures was determined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. Results: Sedentary minutes were positively associated with total body fat and trunk fat. For every 10 minute increase in sedentary minutes, trunk fat increased by 84 g (95% CI 44 to 124) and total body fat increased by 147 g (95% CI 79 to 214). There was a doseresponse negative relationship between activity intensity and total body fat and trunk fat. For every 10 minute increase in activity, total body fat decreased by 261 g (95% CI –350 to –172), 1099 g (95% CI –1355 to -843), and 2593 g (95% CI –429 to –90) for light, moderate and vigorous minutes, respectively. Similarly, for every 10 minute increase in activity, trunk fat decreased by 156 g (95% CI –209 to –103), 676 g (95% CI –827 to –525), and 1611 g (95% CI –2618 to –604). We found a significant interaction between age and activity on body composition. As age increased, the magnitude of the effects of sedentary, light, and moderate activity on body fat measures all decreased (interactions all p < 0.05). Discussion: Both body and trunk fat are independently associated with both intensity of physical activity and amount of sedentary time. The magnitude of these associations decreases with age but is still clinically relevant. Thus, PA programs should aim at both minimising sedentary time and promoting activity and may need to be altered to take into account the effect of increasing age. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.717 715 Feasibility and acceptability of two instruments for measuring physical activity (PA) in primary care S. Dutton 1,∗ , S. Dennis 1 , M. Harris 1 , N. Zwar 1 , A. Bauman 2 , H. Van Der Ploeg 2 1
University of NSW 2 University of Sydney Introduction: General practice has an important role in improving population levels of PA. However, measurement of PA remains challenging. There is a need to identify a usable, transferable and easily interpreted instrument for all members of the general practice team.
S295
The aims of this study were to: • Evaluate the validity and reliability of two instruments for measuring PA, administered by practice nurses (PNs) and selfadministered by patients. • Qualitatively explore general practitioner (GP), PN and patient perceptions of the two instruments Methodology: Sample of 10 PNs and 100 patients, were invited to participate. Participating patients were allocated to PN (n = 41) or patient groups (n = 43). An additional, six GPs were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to determine their opinions of the instruments. Two instruments were examined: • General-Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) • Three-Question Physical Activity Questionnaire (3Q) PN-group: Participants wore an accelerometer for 7-days then attended an appointment with their PN to complete questionnaires. Analysis determined criterion validity, comparing accelerometer counts against questionnaire responses. PNs (n = 9) participated in a semi-structured interview to determine opinions of the instruments. Patient-group: Participants self-completed both questionnaires twice, 7-days apart. Analysis determined test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), comparing questionnaire responses from Time-1 and Time-2. A sample of patients (n = 21) participated in semi-structured interviews to determine opinions of the instruments. Results: Criterion Validity was low to moderate for GPPAQ (rho = 0.26) and 3Q (rho = 0.45). For meeting PA recommendations there was moderate agreement for GPPAQ (k = 70.3%, 95% CI = 0.56–0.85) and fair agreement for 3Q (k = 62.2%, 95% CI = 0.47–0.78). The test-retest reliability ICC for the GPPAQ ranged from (0.82–0.95), the 3Q ranged from (0.94–0.98). This study found 89% Nurses and 67% patients preferred the GPPAQ. Health professionals indicated their reasons for preference were influenced by questionnaire characteristics (100%) and instrument comprehensiveness (100%) and simplicity of the instrument questions (43%) Conclusions: The 3Q demonstrated moderate validity compared against accelerometer measures, substantially higher than the GPPAQ. Both instruments had excellent test-retest reliability. The GPPAQ demonstrated higher agreement with the accelerometer for meeting PA recommendations than the 3Q. This study raises important considerations for researchers regarding the design and implementation of PA assessment. Previous research has focused on time barriers however, this study comprehensiveness and simplicity are equally important. The GPPAQ may contain features useful for enhancing the established 3Q instrument for PA assessment, especially for PNs and patient self-management strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.718 716 Agreement between the IPAQ-long weekday sitting item and the activPALTM activity monitor in Scottish adults C. Fitzsimons 1 , A. Kirk 1 , M. Murphy 2 , N. Mutrie 1,∗ 1 2
University of Strathclyde University of Ulster
Introduction: Recent epidemiological evidence of the importance of sedentary time and health suggests that an accurate
714 Accelerometer determined physical activity and body composition in community-dwelling older adults F. Yi Chao, D. Doré, T. Winzenberg ∗ , G. Jones Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania Introduction: Several studies have demonstrated a positive effect of physical activity (PA) on body composition; however, few have assessed this relationship in older community–dwelling adults using accelerometer measures of PA. The aim of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer determined PA and body fat composition in a large community-dwelling sample of older adults. Methods: A total of 636 community-dwelling older adults aged 53–84 (mean age 66, 49% male) were randomly recruited to participate in this study. Body composition, including total body fat and trunk fat, was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. PA was measured using Actigraph GT1 M accelerometers worn for 7 consecutive days. We measured counts/day and minutes/day spent in sedentary ( < 1.5 METs), low intensity (1.5–2.9 METs), moderate intensity (3–5.9 METs) and vigorous intensity (> = 6 METs) activity, using existing accelerometer count thresholds for each level of intensity. The association between accelerometer measures and body fat measures was determined using multiple linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. Results: Sedentary minutes were positively associated with total body fat and trunk fat. For every 10 minute increase in sedentary minutes, trunk fat increased by 84 g (95% CI 44 to 124) and total body fat increased by 147 g (95% CI 79 to 214). There was a doseresponse negative relationship between activity intensity and total body fat and trunk fat. For every 10 minute increase in activity, total body fat decreased by 261 g (95% CI –350 to –172), 1099 g (95% CI –1355 to -843), and 2593 g (95% CI –429 to –90) for light, moderate and vigorous minutes, respectively. Similarly, for every 10 minute increase in activity, trunk fat decreased by 156 g (95% CI –209 to –103), 676 g (95% CI –827 to –525), and 1611 g (95% CI –2618 to –604). We found a significant interaction between age and activity on body composition. As age increased, the magnitude of the effects of sedentary, light, and moderate activity on body fat measures all decreased (interactions all p < 0.05). Discussion: Both body and trunk fat are independently associated with both intensity of physical activity and amount of sedentary time. The magnitude of these associations decreases with age but is still clinically relevant. Thus, PA programs should aim at both minimising sedentary time and promoting activity and may need to be altered to take into account the effect of increasing age. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.717 715 Feasibility and acceptability of two instruments for measuring physical activity (PA) in primary care S. Dutton 1,∗ , S. Dennis 1 , M. Harris 1 , N. Zwar 1 , A. Bauman 2 , H. Van Der Ploeg 2 1
University of NSW 2 University of Sydney Introduction: General practice has an important role in improving population levels of PA. However, measurement of PA remains challenging. There is a need to identify a usable, transferable and easily interpreted instrument for all members of the general practice team.
S295
The aims of this study were to: • Evaluate the validity and reliability of two instruments for measuring PA, administered by practice nurses (PNs) and selfadministered by patients. • Qualitatively explore general practitioner (GP), PN and patient perceptions of the two instruments Methodology: Sample of 10 PNs and 100 patients, were invited to participate. Participating patients were allocated to PN (n = 41) or patient groups (n = 43). An additional, six GPs were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews to determine their opinions of the instruments. Two instruments were examined: • General-Practice Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPPAQ) • Three-Question Physical Activity Questionnaire (3Q) PN-group: Participants wore an accelerometer for 7-days then attended an appointment with their PN to complete questionnaires. Analysis determined criterion validity, comparing accelerometer counts against questionnaire responses. PNs (n = 9) participated in a semi-structured interview to determine opinions of the instruments. Patient-group: Participants self-completed both questionnaires twice, 7-days apart. Analysis determined test-retest reliability using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), comparing questionnaire responses from Time-1 and Time-2. A sample of patients (n = 21) participated in semi-structured interviews to determine opinions of the instruments. Results: Criterion Validity was low to moderate for GPPAQ (rho = 0.26) and 3Q (rho = 0.45). For meeting PA recommendations there was moderate agreement for GPPAQ (k = 70.3%, 95% CI = 0.56–0.85) and fair agreement for 3Q (k = 62.2%, 95% CI = 0.47–0.78). The test-retest reliability ICC for the GPPAQ ranged from (0.82–0.95), the 3Q ranged from (0.94–0.98). This study found 89% Nurses and 67% patients preferred the GPPAQ. Health professionals indicated their reasons for preference were influenced by questionnaire characteristics (100%) and instrument comprehensiveness (100%) and simplicity of the instrument questions (43%) Conclusions: The 3Q demonstrated moderate validity compared against accelerometer measures, substantially higher than the GPPAQ. Both instruments had excellent test-retest reliability. The GPPAQ demonstrated higher agreement with the accelerometer for meeting PA recommendations than the 3Q. This study raises important considerations for researchers regarding the design and implementation of PA assessment. Previous research has focused on time barriers however, this study comprehensiveness and simplicity are equally important. The GPPAQ may contain features useful for enhancing the established 3Q instrument for PA assessment, especially for PNs and patient self-management strategies. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.11.718 716 Agreement between the IPAQ-long weekday sitting item and the activPALTM activity monitor in Scottish adults C. Fitzsimons 1 , A. Kirk 1 , M. Murphy 2 , N. Mutrie 1,∗ 1 2
University of Strathclyde University of Ulster
Introduction: Recent epidemiological evidence of the importance of sedentary time and health suggests that an accurate