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ACCENT Special Issue Acronyms
Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv
ACCENT Special Issue Acronyms Acronym
Full name
1H NMR 4D-VAR AATSR ABC ABL AC&C ACCENT
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance Four dimensional variational data assimilation Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer Atmospheric Brown Clouds Atmospheric Boundary Layer Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Atmospheric Composition Change – the European Network of Excellence Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment First Aerosol Characterization Experiment Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Airborne Droplet Analyzer Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Asian Dust Network Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models Aerosol Robotic Network Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Aerodynamic Gradient Method Absolute Global Temperature Potential Absolute Global Warming Potential Aerosol Index Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere Air Ion Spectrometer Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment Ammonia Measurement by ANnular Denuder with online Analysis Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol Optical Depth Atmosphere/Ocean Global Climate Models Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X ppb Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Air Pollution and Health, a European Approach Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Air Quality Atmospheric Quality Implementation Programme Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Abatement Strategies for Transboundary Air Pollution Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research Annual Tropospheric Column Arrival Time Difference Aerosol Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer Adenosine triphosphate Along-Track Scanning Radiometer European Assessment of Transport Impacts on Climate Change and Ozone Depletion A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Annual Zonal Mean Biomass Burning Biomass Burnt and Satellite Observations Black Carbon
ACE ACE 1 ACE-FTS ACI ACRIM ADA ADM AD-Net AERI AEROCOM AERONET AGAGE AGM AGTP AGWP AI AIDA AIS ALE AMANDA AMS AOD AOGCM AOTX APCI APHEA API APLI APPI APS AQ AQIP ARM ASTA ASTER ATC ATD ATOFMS ATP ATSR ATTICA AURAMS AVHRR AZM BB BBSO BC
1352-2310/$ – see front matter doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.004
BEIS BEMA BESS BF BF BHN BIATEX BIPHOREP BodEx BSOA BSRN BUBBLE BVOC CAFE CAIR CAIR4HEALTH CALIOP CALIPSO CAM-Oslo CAPITOUL CARIBIC CASA CBA CBACCI
CCM CCMVal CCN CCRS CDNC CDOM CEA CEAS CEMS CFC CFD CFDC CICERO CIMS CISLINET CityZen CLE CLRTAP CMAQ CN CNR CNRS CONTRACE
Biogenic Emissions Inventory System Biogenic Emission in the Mediterranean Area Biogenic Emissions Software System Bulk formulation (in the paper Global and Regional Air Quality) Bergeron-Findeisen (in the paper Climate-Chemistry Interaction) Binary Homogeneous Nucleation BIosphere ATmosphere EXchange of Trace Gases and Aerosols Biogenic VOC emissions and photochemistry in the boreal regions of Europe Bodele Experiment Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Baseline Surface Radiation Network Basel UrBan Boundary-Layer Experiment Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Clean Air For Europe Clean Air Interstate Rule Clean Air for Health Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Community Atmosphere Model – Oslo Canopy and Aerosol Particle Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model Cost Benefit Analysis The Graduate School CBACCI consists of two Nordic Centres of Excellences: research Unit on Biosphere – Aerosol – Cloud – Climate Interactions (BACCI); Nordic Centre for Studies of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and its Interactions with the Climate System (NECC) Chemistry-Climate Models Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity Cloud Condensation Nuclei Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Cloud Droplet Number Concentration Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Chlorofluorocarbons Computational Fluid Dynamics Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Commonwealth of Independent States LIDAR Network megaCITY – Zoom for the ENvironment Current Legislation Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Community Multiscale Air Quality model Condensation Nuclei Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Convective Transport of Trace Gases into the Middle and Upper Troposphere over Europe (continued on next page)
5440
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
(continued) Acronym
Full name
CORINAIR COST COTAG CPC CPI CRD-AS CRDS CRYSTAL-FACE
COordination INformation AIR European Cooperation in Science and Technology Conditional Time-Averaged Gradient Condensation Particle Counter Cloud Particle Imager Cavity Ring Down Aerosol Spectrometer Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL)-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Civil Society Organisations Chemical Transport Model Counter-flow Virtual Impactors Continuous Wave Diethyl ammonium Disjunct Eddy Covariance Department for Environment Food and Rural Affaires DEnuder for Long Term Atmospheric sampling Directorate-General for Research and Technological Development Differential Absorption Lidar December, January, February Deutsche Zentrum fu¨r Luft- und Raumfahrt Differential Mobility Analyzer Differential Mobility Particle Sizer Di-Methyl-Sulphide Droplet Measurement Technologies Denitrification–Decomposition Deposition of Ozone and Stomatal Exchange Model Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy United States Department of Energy European Aerosol Research Lidar Network European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – Advanced Sustainable Observation System Earth Clouds Aerosols and Radiation Explorer Eddy Covariance (in the paper Ecosystems – Atmosphere interactions) Elemental Carbon (in the paper Global and Regional Air Quality) European Commission MOZART (Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers) version 2.4 in ECHAM5 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Energy research Centre of the Netherlands Electrodynamic Balance Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research European Environmental Agency Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Electron Impact Electronic Low Pressure Impactor European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research ˜ o-Southern Oscillation El Nin United States Environmental Protection Agency Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne European Space Agency Expe´rience sur Site pour Contraindre les Mode`les de Pollution atmosphe´rique et de Transport d’E´missions Environmental Science Published for Everybody around the Earth Earth System Sciences Partnership Eidgeno¨ssische Technische Hochschule Zu¨rich European Union European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Experiment European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Integration of European Simulation Chambers for Investigating Atmospheric Processes European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents over Europe European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research EXchange of AMmonia IN European ecosystems European Export of Particulates and Ozone by Long-Range Transport
CSIRO CSO CTM CVI CW DEA DEC DEFRA DELTA DG RTD DIAL DJF DLR DMA DMPS DMS DMT DNDC DO3SE DOAS DoE EARLINET EARLINET-ASOS EarthCARE EC EC EC ECHAM5-MOZ ECMWF ECN EDB EDGAR EEA EEPS EI ELPI EMEP EMPA ENSO EPA EPFL ESA ESCOMPTE ESPERE ESSP ETH EU EUCAARI EULINOX EUMETSAT EUROCHAMP EUROTRAC EUSAAR EXAMINE EXPORT
FAL FAO FINCH FIS Fm FMPS FORMAT FRE FSSP FT FTIR FUMAPEX GAGE GAINS GALION GAW GBA2000 GC GCE GCM GCR GDP GEBA GEIA GEMS GEOS GEOS-CHEM Model GFEDv1 GHG GIS GISS GMES GOFC-GOLD GOME GRAMINAE GTP GURME GWP H/V-TDMA HALOE HC HFC HGF
HIA HM HOA HPLC HR-ToF-AMS HSRL HTAP H-TDMA HULIS HYDE IAGOS IAPSAG IASI ICARTT ICG-II ICT IDEM IEA IGAC IGACO IGBP IGBP-DIS IGY IIASA IIR ILE
Bundesforschungsanstalt fu¨r Landwirtschaft, Switzerland Food and Agriculture Organisation Frankfurt Ice Nucleation Chamber Fast Isoprene Sensor Fraction of modern carbon Fast Mobility Particle Sizer Formaldehyde as a tracer of (photo) oxidation in the troposphere Fire Radiative Energy Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe Free troposphere Fourier Transform Infrared Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies GAW Atmospheric Lidar Observation Network Global Atmosphere Watch Global Burned Area 2000 Gas Chromatography Goddard Cumulus Ensemble General Circulation Model Galactic Cosmic Rays Gross Domestic Product Global Energy Balance Archive Global Emissions Inventory Activity Global and regional Earth-system (Atmosphere) Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data Global Earth Observation Systems Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical transport model Global Fire Emissions Database version 1 Greenhouse Gases Geographic Information System Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe Global Temperature Potential GAW Urban Research Meteorology and Environment Global Warming Potential Hygroscopic/Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzers Halogen Occultation Experiment Hydrometeor Classification Hydrofluorocarbons Hermann-von-Helmholtz Gemeinschaft deutscher Forschungszentren, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Health Impact Assessment Heavy Metals Hydrocarbon-like Organic Aerosol High Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer High Spectral Resolution Lidar Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Humic-like substances History Database of the Global Environment Integration of routine Aircraft measurements into a Global Observing System International Aerosol Precipitation Science Assessment Group Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere 2 Inter Continental Transport Integrated Deposition Model International Energy Agency International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observation System International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme’s Data and Information System International Geophysical Year International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Infrared Imaging Radiometer Integrated Learning Environment
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
Acronym
Full name
IM IMK-IFU
Inferential Modeling Institut fu¨r Meteorologie und Klimaforschung – Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research Ice Nuclei Indian Ocean Experiment Institut National de Recherche Agronomique Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon Unite´ Mixte de la Recherche Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers Ice Particles Institut fu¨r Physik der Atmospha¨re Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Integrated Profiling Technique Infrared Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima International Scientific Secretariat Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency June, July, August Joint Research Centre Kinetic Isotope Method KONza Validation EXperiment Los Angeles Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator Leaf Area Index Laboratoire Atmosphe`res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia/ Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment Laser Desorption and Ionization Light Emitting Diode Low-Earth Orbiting Large Eddy Simulation Last Glacial Maximum Laser Induced Fluorescence Lightning Imaging Sensor Lidar In-space Technology Experiment Long-Lived GreenHouse Gases Laboratoire de Mode´lisation de la Chimie Atmosphe´rique Mode`le de circulation ge´ne´ral du Laboratoire de Me´te´orologie Dynamique – Interaction Chimie – Ae´rosols LOng Path Absorption Photometer Lund-Postdam-Jena model Long-Range Transport Long-Range Transport of Air Pollution Lower Stratosphere Low Turbulence Inlet Liquid Water Content Multi Angle Absorption Photometer Methacrolein Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry March, April, May Maritime Aerosol Network Meso-scale Alpine Programme Model of Atmospheric Transport and CHemistry – Max Planck Institue for Chemistry version Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Marine Boundary Layer Multiscale Climate Chemistry Model Methyl ChloroForm Mexico City Metropolitan Area Mesoscale Convective Systems Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation MethylErythritol Phosphate
IN INDOEX INRA INA PG UMR INSU IP IPA IPCC IPCC AR4 IPCC TAR IPSL IPT IR IRMS ISAC ISS ITCT 2K2 ITCZ IUPAC JAMSTEC JAXA JJA JRC KIM KONVEX LA LACIS LAI LATMOS LBA/CLAIRE LDI LED LEO LES LGM LIF LIS LITE LLGHG LMCA LMDz-INCA LOPAP LPJ LRT LRTAP LS LTI LWC MAAP MACR MALDI-MS MAM MAN MAP MATCH-MPIC MAX-DOAS MBL MCCM MCF MCMA MCS MEGAN MEGAPOLI
MEP
MERIS MESSy MetOp MFOV MFR MI-ESR MILAGRO MINOS MIPAS MISR MLS MM5 MODIS MOPITT MOZAIC MPAN MPLNET MRI MS MSA MSC-W MVK NAIS NAMBLEX NanoSIMS NASA NatAir NCAR NDACC NEAQS NEI Net CDF NGO NH NICT NILU NinE NIR NMHC NMMAPS NMVOCs NOAA NOAA-GMD NoE NOFRETETE NOXAR NPP NWP NWPM OA OC OD OECD OMI OOA OPC OTD OVOC PAH PALMS PAN PAR PARASOL PBA PBAP PBL PCM PEACE-B PEF PERCA PERCIMS
5441
Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer instrument Modular Earth Submodel System Meteorological Operational Multiple-Field-Of-View Maximum Feasible Reduction Matrix Isolation Electron Spin Resonance Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer Microwave Limb Sounder Pennsylvania State University PSU/National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR mesoscale model Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Measurements OF Pollution In The Troposphere Measurement of Ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by Airbus in-service airCraft Peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride Micro-Pulse Lidar Network Meteorological Research Institute Mass Spectrometry MethaneSulfonic Acid Meteorological Synthesizing Centre – West Methyl Vinyl Ketone Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry National Aeronautics and Space Administration Improving and Applying Methods for the Calculation of Natural and Biogenic Emissions and Assessment of Impacts on Air Quality National Centre for Atmospheric Research Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change New England Air Quality Study National Emission Inventory Network Common Data Form Non-governmental organisation Northern Hemisphere New Information and Communication Technologies Norsk Institutt for LUftforskning Nitrogen in Europe Near-InfraRed Non-Methane Hidro-Carbon National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study Non-methane volatile organic compounds United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Global Monitoring Division Network of Excellence Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from European Forest Ecosystems Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone Along Air Routes Net Primary Production Numerical Weather Prediction Numerical Weather Prediction Model Organic Aerosol Organic Carbon Optical Depth Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Ozone Monitoring Instrument Oxygenated Organic Aerosol Optical Particle Counter Optical Transient Detector Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry PeroxyAcetyl Nitrate Photosynthetically Available Radiation Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar Primary Biogenic Aerosols Primary Biogenic Aerosol Particles Planetary Boundary Layer Particulate Carbonaceous Matter Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission–B Plume Ensemble Formulation PEroxy Radical by Chemical Amplification Peroxy radical chemical ionization mass spectrometer (continued on next page)
5442
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
(continued) Acronym
Full name
PFC PFR PHA PHOTONS
Perfluorocarbons Precision Filter Radiometer Pulse Height Analysis PHOtome´trie pour le Traitement Ope´rationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire Particle Into Liquid Sampler Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids Particulate Matter Primary Marine Aerosol Positive Matrix Factorisation Polar Nephelometer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Primary Organic Aerosol Precursors of Ozone and their Effects in the Troposphere POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances Persistent Organic Pollutants Pollution des Valle´es Alpines Peroxypropionic nitric anhydride Particle/Soot Absorption Photometers Paul Scherrer Institute Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer Particulate Volume Monitor Quadrupole-based AMS Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet Regional Emission Inventory in Asia Resonant Enhanced MultiPhoton Ionization REanalysis of the TROpospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years Radiative Forcing Relative Humidity Regional Oxidant Model Rox chemical conversion chemical ionization mass spectrometry Russia and Newly Independent States Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative Saharan mineral dust experiments Simulation of atmospheric photochemistry in a large reaction chamber Structure-Activity Relationship Soils, Agronomy and Spatialization SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric ChartograpHY South-Eastern Europe State Secretariat for Science and Education Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager Southern Hemisphere Selected Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Steam Jet Aerosol Collector Sky radiometer network Short Lived Gases Soil Moisture Deficit Scanning Mobility particle sizer Secondary Organic Aerosol September, October, November Southern Oxidant Study Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate Single Particle Analysis and Sizing System South Pacific Convergence Zone Single Particle Laser Ablation Time-of-flight SPOT-Vegetation Sprucedep Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer model Spu¨renstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Surface Solar Radiation Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Short-Wave InfraRed Training and Education Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment Temperature Conversion/Elemental Analyzer
PILS PINC PLFA PM PMA PMF PN PNNL POA POET POLDER POP POVA PPN PSAP PSI PTR-MS PVM Q-AMS QBO QUANTIFY RAINS REA REALM REAS REMPI RETRO RF RH ROM ROXMAS RU-NIS SAFARI SAMUM SAPHIR SAR SAS SCIAMACHY SEE SER SEVIRI SH SI-CIMS SJAC SKYNET SL-G SMD SMPS SOA SON SOS SPARC SPASS SPCZ SPLAT SPOT-VGT SPRUCEDEP SVAT ¨ RT SPU SRES SSR STE SWIR T&E TARFOX TC/EA
TCCON TD TD-CIMS TDL TDLAS TD-LIF TDMA TDPBMS TES TF HTAP TIC TM4 TNO TOA TOF-MS TOMS TOR TORCH TRACE-P TRMM TSAP TSI UAM-Aero UAP UK-SOLAS UN UNECE UNEP UNFCCC UN-HABITAT UPMC UT UTC UTOPIHAN UV UVSQ V.I.P. VH-TDMA VOC VOCBAS VPD VSMOW V-TDMA VTMX VUV WCB WEDD WFC WFPS WHO WIOC WIOM WMGG WMO WRDC WRF WSOC WSON ZINC
Total Carbon Column Observing Network Thermodenuder Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer Tunable Diode Laser Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Thermal Dissociation Laser Induced Fuorescence Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants Thermally-induced circulations Chemistry Transport Model Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Top-of-the-Atmosphere Time-of-flight mass spectrometry Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Tropospheric Ozone Research Tropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment TRAnsport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution Total Solar Irradiance Urban Airshed Model for Aerosols Urban Air Pollution United Kingdom Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study United Nations United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Human Settlements Programme Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie Upper Troposphere Coordinated Universal Time Upper Tropospheric Ozone Processes Involving HOx and NOx Ultraviolet Universite´ de Versailles Saint-Quentin Very Important Person Volatility-Humidity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Volatile Organic Carbon Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biosphere-Atmosphere System Vapour pressure deficit Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Vertical Transport and Mixing Vacuum UtraViolet Warm Conveyor Belt Wet Effluent Diffusion Denuder Wide Feld Camera Water Flled Pore Space World Health Organisation Water-Insoluble Organic Carbon Water Insoluble Organic matter Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases World Meteorological Organisation World Radiation Data Centre Weather Research and Forecast Water-Soluble Organic Carbon Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Atmospheric Environment journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/atmosenv
ACCENT Special Issue Acronyms Acronym
Full name
1H NMR 4D-VAR AATSR ABC ABL AC&C ACCENT
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance Four dimensional variational data assimilation Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer Atmospheric Brown Clouds Atmospheric Boundary Layer Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate Atmospheric Composition Change – the European Network of Excellence Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment First Aerosol Characterization Experiment Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor Airborne Droplet Analyzer Atmospheric Dynamics Mission Asian Dust Network Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models Aerosol Robotic Network Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Aerodynamic Gradient Method Absolute Global Temperature Potential Absolute Global Warming Potential Aerosol Index Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere Air Ion Spectrometer Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment Ammonia Measurement by ANnular Denuder with online Analysis Aerosol Mass Spectrometer Aerosol Optical Depth Atmosphere/Ocean Global Climate Models Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X ppb Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Air Pollution and Health, a European Approach Atmospheric Pressure Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization Aerodynamic Particle Sizer Air Quality Atmospheric Quality Implementation Programme Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Abatement Strategies for Transboundary Air Pollution Atmosphere-Surface Turbulent Exchange Research Annual Tropospheric Column Arrival Time Difference Aerosol Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometer Adenosine triphosphate Along-Track Scanning Radiometer European Assessment of Transport Impacts on Climate Change and Ozone Depletion A Unified Regional Air-quality Modeling System Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Annual Zonal Mean Biomass Burning Biomass Burnt and Satellite Observations Black Carbon
ACE ACE 1 ACE-FTS ACI ACRIM ADA ADM AD-Net AERI AEROCOM AERONET AGAGE AGM AGTP AGWP AI AIDA AIS ALE AMANDA AMS AOD AOGCM AOTX APCI APHEA API APLI APPI APS AQ AQIP ARM ASTA ASTER ATC ATD ATOFMS ATP ATSR ATTICA AURAMS AVHRR AZM BB BBSO BC
1352-2310/$ – see front matter doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.08.004
BEIS BEMA BESS BF BF BHN BIATEX BIPHOREP BodEx BSOA BSRN BUBBLE BVOC CAFE CAIR CAIR4HEALTH CALIOP CALIPSO CAM-Oslo CAPITOUL CARIBIC CASA CBA CBACCI
CCM CCMVal CCN CCRS CDNC CDOM CEA CEAS CEMS CFC CFD CFDC CICERO CIMS CISLINET CityZen CLE CLRTAP CMAQ CN CNR CNRS CONTRACE
Biogenic Emissions Inventory System Biogenic Emission in the Mediterranean Area Biogenic Emissions Software System Bulk formulation (in the paper Global and Regional Air Quality) Bergeron-Findeisen (in the paper Climate-Chemistry Interaction) Binary Homogeneous Nucleation BIosphere ATmosphere EXchange of Trace Gases and Aerosols Biogenic VOC emissions and photochemistry in the boreal regions of Europe Bodele Experiment Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol Baseline Surface Radiation Network Basel UrBan Boundary-Layer Experiment Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds Clean Air For Europe Clean Air Interstate Rule Clean Air for Health Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Community Atmosphere Model – Oslo Canopy and Aerosol Particle Interactions in TOulouse Urban Layer Civil Aircraft for Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach model Cost Benefit Analysis The Graduate School CBACCI consists of two Nordic Centres of Excellences: research Unit on Biosphere – Aerosol – Cloud – Climate Interactions (BACCI); Nordic Centre for Studies of Ecosystem Carbon Exchange and its Interactions with the Climate System (NECC) Chemistry-Climate Models Chemistry-Climate Model Validation Activity Cloud Condensation Nuclei Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Cloud Droplet Number Concentration Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems Chlorofluorocarbons Computational Fluid Dynamics Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Commonwealth of Independent States LIDAR Network megaCITY – Zoom for the ENvironment Current Legislation Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution Community Multiscale Air Quality model Condensation Nuclei Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Convective Transport of Trace Gases into the Middle and Upper Troposphere over Europe (continued on next page)
5440
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
(continued) Acronym
Full name
CORINAIR COST COTAG CPC CPI CRD-AS CRDS CRYSTAL-FACE
COordination INformation AIR European Cooperation in Science and Technology Conditional Time-Averaged Gradient Condensation Particle Counter Cloud Particle Imager Cavity Ring Down Aerosol Spectrometer Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL)-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Civil Society Organisations Chemical Transport Model Counter-flow Virtual Impactors Continuous Wave Diethyl ammonium Disjunct Eddy Covariance Department for Environment Food and Rural Affaires DEnuder for Long Term Atmospheric sampling Directorate-General for Research and Technological Development Differential Absorption Lidar December, January, February Deutsche Zentrum fu¨r Luft- und Raumfahrt Differential Mobility Analyzer Differential Mobility Particle Sizer Di-Methyl-Sulphide Droplet Measurement Technologies Denitrification–Decomposition Deposition of Ozone and Stomatal Exchange Model Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy United States Department of Energy European Aerosol Research Lidar Network European Aerosol Research Lidar Network – Advanced Sustainable Observation System Earth Clouds Aerosols and Radiation Explorer Eddy Covariance (in the paper Ecosystems – Atmosphere interactions) Elemental Carbon (in the paper Global and Regional Air Quality) European Commission MOZART (Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers) version 2.4 in ECHAM5 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Energy research Centre of the Netherlands Electrodynamic Balance Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research European Environmental Agency Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer Electron Impact Electronic Low Pressure Impactor European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research ˜ o-Southern Oscillation El Nin United States Environmental Protection Agency Ecole Polytechnique Fe´de´rale de Lausanne European Space Agency Expe´rience sur Site pour Contraindre les Mode`les de Pollution atmosphe´rique et de Transport d’E´missions Environmental Science Published for Everybody around the Earth Earth System Sciences Partnership Eidgeno¨ssische Technische Hochschule Zu¨rich European Union European Integrated project on Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions European Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Experiment European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Integration of European Simulation Chambers for Investigating Atmospheric Processes European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents over Europe European Supersites for Atmospheric Aerosol Research EXchange of AMmonia IN European ecosystems European Export of Particulates and Ozone by Long-Range Transport
CSIRO CSO CTM CVI CW DEA DEC DEFRA DELTA DG RTD DIAL DJF DLR DMA DMPS DMS DMT DNDC DO3SE DOAS DoE EARLINET EARLINET-ASOS EarthCARE EC EC EC ECHAM5-MOZ ECMWF ECN EDB EDGAR EEA EEPS EI ELPI EMEP EMPA ENSO EPA EPFL ESA ESCOMPTE ESPERE ESSP ETH EU EUCAARI EULINOX EUMETSAT EUROCHAMP EUROTRAC EUSAAR EXAMINE EXPORT
FAL FAO FINCH FIS Fm FMPS FORMAT FRE FSSP FT FTIR FUMAPEX GAGE GAINS GALION GAW GBA2000 GC GCE GCM GCR GDP GEBA GEIA GEMS GEOS GEOS-CHEM Model GFEDv1 GHG GIS GISS GMES GOFC-GOLD GOME GRAMINAE GTP GURME GWP H/V-TDMA HALOE HC HFC HGF
HIA HM HOA HPLC HR-ToF-AMS HSRL HTAP H-TDMA HULIS HYDE IAGOS IAPSAG IASI ICARTT ICG-II ICT IDEM IEA IGAC IGACO IGBP IGBP-DIS IGY IIASA IIR ILE
Bundesforschungsanstalt fu¨r Landwirtschaft, Switzerland Food and Agriculture Organisation Frankfurt Ice Nucleation Chamber Fast Isoprene Sensor Fraction of modern carbon Fast Mobility Particle Sizer Formaldehyde as a tracer of (photo) oxidation in the troposphere Fire Radiative Energy Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe Free troposphere Fourier Transform Infrared Forecasting Urban Meteorology, Air Pollution and Population Exposure Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies GAW Atmospheric Lidar Observation Network Global Atmosphere Watch Global Burned Area 2000 Gas Chromatography Goddard Cumulus Ensemble General Circulation Model Galactic Cosmic Rays Gross Domestic Product Global Energy Balance Archive Global Emissions Inventory Activity Global and regional Earth-system (Atmosphere) Monitoring using Satellite and in-situ data Global Earth Observation Systems Goddard Earth Observing System Chemical transport model Global Fire Emissions Database version 1 Greenhouse Gases Geographic Information System Goddard Institute for Space Studies Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Global Observation of Forest and Land Cover Dynamics Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GRassland AMmonia INteractions Across Europe Global Temperature Potential GAW Urban Research Meteorology and Environment Global Warming Potential Hygroscopic/Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzers Halogen Occultation Experiment Hydrometeor Classification Hydrofluorocarbons Hermann-von-Helmholtz Gemeinschaft deutscher Forschungszentren, Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres Health Impact Assessment Heavy Metals Hydrocarbon-like Organic Aerosol High Performance Liquid Chromatography High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer High Spectral Resolution Lidar Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Humic-like substances History Database of the Global Environment Integration of routine Aircraft measurements into a Global Observing System International Aerosol Precipitation Science Assessment Group Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere 2 Inter Continental Transport Integrated Deposition Model International Energy Agency International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observation System International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme’s Data and Information System International Geophysical Year International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Infrared Imaging Radiometer Integrated Learning Environment
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
Acronym
Full name
IM IMK-IFU
Inferential Modeling Institut fu¨r Meteorologie und Klimaforschung – Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research – Atmospheric Environmental Research Ice Nuclei Indian Ocean Experiment Institut National de Recherche Agronomique Institut National Agronomique Paris-Grignon Unite´ Mixte de la Recherche Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers Ice Particles Institut fu¨r Physik der Atmospha¨re Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Third Assessment Report Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Integrated Profiling Technique Infrared Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima International Scientific Secretariat Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation 2002 Inter Tropical Convergence Zone International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Japan Agency for Marine Earth Science and Technology Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency June, July, August Joint Research Centre Kinetic Isotope Method KONza Validation EXperiment Los Angeles Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator Leaf Area Index Laboratoire Atmosphe`res, Milieux, Observations Spatiales Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia/ Cooperative LBA Airborne Regional Experiment Laser Desorption and Ionization Light Emitting Diode Low-Earth Orbiting Large Eddy Simulation Last Glacial Maximum Laser Induced Fluorescence Lightning Imaging Sensor Lidar In-space Technology Experiment Long-Lived GreenHouse Gases Laboratoire de Mode´lisation de la Chimie Atmosphe´rique Mode`le de circulation ge´ne´ral du Laboratoire de Me´te´orologie Dynamique – Interaction Chimie – Ae´rosols LOng Path Absorption Photometer Lund-Postdam-Jena model Long-Range Transport Long-Range Transport of Air Pollution Lower Stratosphere Low Turbulence Inlet Liquid Water Content Multi Angle Absorption Photometer Methacrolein Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry March, April, May Maritime Aerosol Network Meso-scale Alpine Programme Model of Atmospheric Transport and CHemistry – Max Planck Institue for Chemistry version Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Marine Boundary Layer Multiscale Climate Chemistry Model Methyl ChloroForm Mexico City Metropolitan Area Mesoscale Convective Systems Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature Megacities: Emissions, urban, regional and Global Atmospheric POLlution and climate effects, and Integrated tools for assessment and mitigation MethylErythritol Phosphate
IN INDOEX INRA INA PG UMR INSU IP IPA IPCC IPCC AR4 IPCC TAR IPSL IPT IR IRMS ISAC ISS ITCT 2K2 ITCZ IUPAC JAMSTEC JAXA JJA JRC KIM KONVEX LA LACIS LAI LATMOS LBA/CLAIRE LDI LED LEO LES LGM LIF LIS LITE LLGHG LMCA LMDz-INCA LOPAP LPJ LRT LRTAP LS LTI LWC MAAP MACR MALDI-MS MAM MAN MAP MATCH-MPIC MAX-DOAS MBL MCCM MCF MCMA MCS MEGAN MEGAPOLI
MEP
MERIS MESSy MetOp MFOV MFR MI-ESR MILAGRO MINOS MIPAS MISR MLS MM5 MODIS MOPITT MOZAIC MPAN MPLNET MRI MS MSA MSC-W MVK NAIS NAMBLEX NanoSIMS NASA NatAir NCAR NDACC NEAQS NEI Net CDF NGO NH NICT NILU NinE NIR NMHC NMMAPS NMVOCs NOAA NOAA-GMD NoE NOFRETETE NOXAR NPP NWP NWPM OA OC OD OECD OMI OOA OPC OTD OVOC PAH PALMS PAN PAR PARASOL PBA PBAP PBL PCM PEACE-B PEF PERCA PERCIMS
5441
Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer instrument Modular Earth Submodel System Meteorological Operational Multiple-Field-Of-View Maximum Feasible Reduction Matrix Isolation Electron Spin Resonance Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding Multiangle Imaging SpectroRadiometer Microwave Limb Sounder Pennsylvania State University PSU/National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR mesoscale model Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Measurements OF Pollution In The Troposphere Measurement of Ozone, water vapour, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides by Airbus in-service airCraft Peroxymethacrylic nitric anhydride Micro-Pulse Lidar Network Meteorological Research Institute Mass Spectrometry MethaneSulfonic Acid Meteorological Synthesizing Centre – West Methyl Vinyl Ketone Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer North Atlantic Marine Boundary Layer Experiment Nanoscale Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry National Aeronautics and Space Administration Improving and Applying Methods for the Calculation of Natural and Biogenic Emissions and Assessment of Impacts on Air Quality National Centre for Atmospheric Research Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change New England Air Quality Study National Emission Inventory Network Common Data Form Non-governmental organisation Northern Hemisphere New Information and Communication Technologies Norsk Institutt for LUftforskning Nitrogen in Europe Near-InfraRed Non-Methane Hidro-Carbon National Morbidity, Mortality, and Air Pollution Study Non-methane volatile organic compounds United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Global Monitoring Division Network of Excellence Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from European Forest Ecosystems Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone Along Air Routes Net Primary Production Numerical Weather Prediction Numerical Weather Prediction Model Organic Aerosol Organic Carbon Optical Depth Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Ozone Monitoring Instrument Oxygenated Organic Aerosol Optical Particle Counter Optical Transient Detector Oxygenated Volatile Organic Compound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry PeroxyAcetyl Nitrate Photosynthetically Available Radiation Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar Primary Biogenic Aerosols Primary Biogenic Aerosol Particles Planetary Boundary Layer Particulate Carbonaceous Matter Pacific Exploration of Asian Continental Emission–B Plume Ensemble Formulation PEroxy Radical by Chemical Amplification Peroxy radical chemical ionization mass spectrometer (continued on next page)
5442
Acronyms / Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 5439–5442
(continued) Acronym
Full name
PFC PFR PHA PHOTONS
Perfluorocarbons Precision Filter Radiometer Pulse Height Analysis PHOtome´trie pour le Traitement Ope´rationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire Particle Into Liquid Sampler Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids Particulate Matter Primary Marine Aerosol Positive Matrix Factorisation Polar Nephelometer Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Primary Organic Aerosol Precursors of Ozone and their Effects in the Troposphere POLarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances Persistent Organic Pollutants Pollution des Valle´es Alpines Peroxypropionic nitric anhydride Particle/Soot Absorption Photometers Paul Scherrer Institute Proton-Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometer Particulate Volume Monitor Quadrupole-based AMS Quasi-Biennial Oscillation Quantifying the Climate Impact of Global and European Transport Systems Regional Air Pollution Information and Simulation Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Regional East Atmospheric Lidar Mesonet Regional Emission Inventory in Asia Resonant Enhanced MultiPhoton Ionization REanalysis of the TROpospheric chemical composition over the past 40 years Radiative Forcing Relative Humidity Regional Oxidant Model Rox chemical conversion chemical ionization mass spectrometry Russia and Newly Independent States Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative Saharan mineral dust experiments Simulation of atmospheric photochemistry in a large reaction chamber Structure-Activity Relationship Soils, Agronomy and Spatialization SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric ChartograpHY South-Eastern Europe State Secretariat for Science and Education Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager Southern Hemisphere Selected Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Steam Jet Aerosol Collector Sky radiometer network Short Lived Gases Soil Moisture Deficit Scanning Mobility particle sizer Secondary Organic Aerosol September, October, November Southern Oxidant Study Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate Single Particle Analysis and Sizing System South Pacific Convergence Zone Single Particle Laser Ablation Time-of-flight SPOT-Vegetation Sprucedep Soil Vegetation Atmosphere Transfer model Spu¨renstofftransport in der Tropopausenregion Special Report on Emissions Scenarios Surface Solar Radiation Stratosphere-Troposphere Exchange Short-Wave InfraRed Training and Education Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment Temperature Conversion/Elemental Analyzer
PILS PINC PLFA PM PMA PMF PN PNNL POA POET POLDER POP POVA PPN PSAP PSI PTR-MS PVM Q-AMS QBO QUANTIFY RAINS REA REALM REAS REMPI RETRO RF RH ROM ROXMAS RU-NIS SAFARI SAMUM SAPHIR SAR SAS SCIAMACHY SEE SER SEVIRI SH SI-CIMS SJAC SKYNET SL-G SMD SMPS SOA SON SOS SPARC SPASS SPCZ SPLAT SPOT-VGT SPRUCEDEP SVAT ¨ RT SPU SRES SSR STE SWIR T&E TARFOX TC/EA
TCCON TD TD-CIMS TDL TDLAS TD-LIF TDMA TDPBMS TES TF HTAP TIC TM4 TNO TOA TOF-MS TOMS TOR TORCH TRACE-P TRMM TSAP TSI UAM-Aero UAP UK-SOLAS UN UNECE UNEP UNFCCC UN-HABITAT UPMC UT UTC UTOPIHAN UV UVSQ V.I.P. VH-TDMA VOC VOCBAS VPD VSMOW V-TDMA VTMX VUV WCB WEDD WFC WFPS WHO WIOC WIOM WMGG WMO WRDC WRF WSOC WSON ZINC
Total Carbon Column Observing Network Thermodenuder Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer Tunable Diode Laser Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy Thermal Dissociation Laser Induced Fuorescence Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Thermal Desorption Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Atmospheric Pollutants Thermally-induced circulations Chemistry Transport Model Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research Top-of-the-Atmosphere Time-of-flight mass spectrometry Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Tropospheric Ozone Research Tropospheric ORganic CHemistry experiment TRAnsport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution Total Solar Irradiance Urban Airshed Model for Aerosols Urban Air Pollution United Kingdom Surface-Ocean/Lower Atmosphere Study United Nations United Nations Economic Commission for Europe United Nations Environment Programme United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change United Nations Human Settlements Programme Universite´ Pierre et Marie Curie Upper Troposphere Coordinated Universal Time Upper Tropospheric Ozone Processes Involving HOx and NOx Ultraviolet Universite´ de Versailles Saint-Quentin Very Important Person Volatility-Humidity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Volatile Organic Carbon Volatile Organic Compounds in the Biosphere-Atmosphere System Vapour pressure deficit Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water Volatility Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer Vertical Transport and Mixing Vacuum UtraViolet Warm Conveyor Belt Wet Effluent Diffusion Denuder Wide Feld Camera Water Flled Pore Space World Health Organisation Water-Insoluble Organic Carbon Water Insoluble Organic matter Well-Mixed Greenhouse Gases World Meteorological Organisation World Radiation Data Centre Weather Research and Forecast Water-Soluble Organic Carbon Water-Soluble Organic Nitrogen Zurich Ice Nucleation Chamber