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Accidental poisoning by plants, 2000–2007
S50
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
P102-016 Accidental poisoning by plants, 2000–2007 H. Hami 1 , N. Charrab 1 , A. Soulaymani 1 , L. Ouammi 2 , A. Mokhtari 1 , R. Soulaymani 2 1
Laboratory of Genetic and Biometry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, 2 Morocco Poison Control Center, Rabat, Morocco Objective: In the present study, we propose to analyze the characteristics of accidental poisoning by plants in Morocco. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of poisoning cases notified between 2000 and 2007 to the Morocco Poison Control Center. Results: The study included 791 cases of accidental poisoning, among which 452 occurred in children under 15 years of age. These poisonings account for 58.5% of poisonings by plants and 45% of cases concerning the young children under 10 years. Among the plants involved, Atractylis gummifera is responsible for 16% of reported cases, Cannabis sativa by 11.2% and Datura stramonium by 9.3%. The first symptoms are gastrointestinal which are found in 45% of cases and are dominated by vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain and neurological disorders, such as somnolence, headache and obtundation. The delay before medical care is less than 6 h in 52% of cases. On admission to hospital, 40 intoxicated persons received gut decontamination. The outcome was favorable in 525 patients. Unfortunately, 36 patients died, representing 6.3% of cases (among the 571 patients for whom the evolution is known), of which the majority were children under 15 years (64%). Conclusion: The true incidence of plants poisoning is probably more than the number of documented cases by the Poison Control Center, because of undiagnosed and unreported cases. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.200
P102-017 Fluoride in enamel samples of 12 years old schoolchildren depending on fluoride content in drinking water M. Curcic, Z. Mandinic, M. Carevic, B. Antonijevic University of Belgrado, Serbia Fluoride is an important protective factor against dental caries in therapeutic doses, but in higher doses cumulate in dental enamel and cause dental fluorosis. Aim of this study was to examine relationship between fluoride content in enamel samples from extracted teeth of children who live in a regions with low and high levels of fluoride in drinking water (Valjevo and Vranjska Banja, Serbia). We assume that long intake of water containing high levels of fluorides may contribute to fluoride accumulation in enamel and development of dental fluorosis. Extracted teeth of 70 children, 12 years old, were examined for fluoride contents in enamel. Totally 27 water samples from both regions were collected for fluoride measurement. Fluoride content was determined potentiometrically using ion-selective electrode. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of School of Dentistry, Belgrade University (No.727/1; 2006). Average fluoride content in enamel and drinking water from Vranjska Banja region were 182.2 ppm and 4.5 ppm, respectively. In non-fluorotic region of Valjevo city average fluoride content in enamel and drinking water were 94.74 ppm and 0.2 ppm, respectively. Obtained results indicated that fluoride levels in drinking
water of Vranjska Banja were significantly higher than levels recommended by WHO (0.7–1.2 ppm). Fluoride levels in enamel samples of children from Vranjska Banja, were higher than in samples taken from children who live in Valjevo region. Examination of caries prevalence showed higher value in Valjevo than in Vranska Banja region (4.5 vs. 2.7). Therefore, study confirmed higher tooth resistance against caries but also higher risk of dental fluorosis in children from fluortic comparing with non-fluorotic region. Results of this study indicate positive and significant correlation between fluoride content in enamel and levels of fluoride in drinking water. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Serbia (project TR 20212A). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.201
P102-018 Activity of the veterinary toxicology attention service of Lugo, NW Spain ˜ 2 , M. A. García Fernández 2 , M. Pérez López 1 , M.C. Nóvoa Valinas 2 M.J. Melgar Riol 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UEx, 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine USC A review of the seven working years of the Veterinary Toxicology Attention Service (SATVe) of the University of Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain), from its creation in 2001 until 2008, within Veterinary Clinical Hospital – “Rof Codina” Foundation is presented. The SATVe, which can be reached by telephone, fax or e-mail, serves not only as an information resource for a clientele seeking toxicity information to be used in a preventative fashion but also for the treatment of animal diseases caused by chemicals, drugs, and toxins. Moreover, it can be also contacted for analytical toxicology service. In all cases, the Service is available not only for veterinary practitioners but also for other professionals and public in general. The SATVe compiles the information concerning all the cases into its own database, thus guiding clinical research, which is of great usefulness for the veterinary practitioners. Calls received are managed by healthcare professionals (mainly veterinarians) who have received specific training in managing animal poisonings. From its inception in 2001, the SATVe’s number of poisonings and consultations reported has grown dramatically (225%). With respect to the epidemiology, canines have been the most affected species (48.74%), followed by cattle (12.31%) and felines (8.39%). The criminal origin of the poisonings is majority when compared to the accidental ones; and samples from both canines and illegal baits have shown the highest frequency of positive analytical results. From all the received cases, those positive represent 48%. When considering the detected toxic, pesticides (55%), drugs (22.50%) and a group named “other toxics” (22.50%, including heavy metals, mycotoxins, nitrates, etc.) have been the most frequently identified. Special attention must be paid with strychnine, because even banned, still represented 34% of the total cases. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.202
Abstracts / Toxicology Letters 196S (2010) S37–S351
P102-016 Accidental poisoning by plants, 2000–2007 H. Hami 1 , N. Charrab 1 , A. Soulaymani 1 , L. Ouammi 2 , A. Mokhtari 1 , R. Soulaymani 2 1
Laboratory of Genetic and Biometry, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco, 2 Morocco Poison Control Center, Rabat, Morocco Objective: In the present study, we propose to analyze the characteristics of accidental poisoning by plants in Morocco. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of poisoning cases notified between 2000 and 2007 to the Morocco Poison Control Center. Results: The study included 791 cases of accidental poisoning, among which 452 occurred in children under 15 years of age. These poisonings account for 58.5% of poisonings by plants and 45% of cases concerning the young children under 10 years. Among the plants involved, Atractylis gummifera is responsible for 16% of reported cases, Cannabis sativa by 11.2% and Datura stramonium by 9.3%. The first symptoms are gastrointestinal which are found in 45% of cases and are dominated by vomiting, nausea and abdominal pain and neurological disorders, such as somnolence, headache and obtundation. The delay before medical care is less than 6 h in 52% of cases. On admission to hospital, 40 intoxicated persons received gut decontamination. The outcome was favorable in 525 patients. Unfortunately, 36 patients died, representing 6.3% of cases (among the 571 patients for whom the evolution is known), of which the majority were children under 15 years (64%). Conclusion: The true incidence of plants poisoning is probably more than the number of documented cases by the Poison Control Center, because of undiagnosed and unreported cases. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.200
P102-017 Fluoride in enamel samples of 12 years old schoolchildren depending on fluoride content in drinking water M. Curcic, Z. Mandinic, M. Carevic, B. Antonijevic University of Belgrado, Serbia Fluoride is an important protective factor against dental caries in therapeutic doses, but in higher doses cumulate in dental enamel and cause dental fluorosis. Aim of this study was to examine relationship between fluoride content in enamel samples from extracted teeth of children who live in a regions with low and high levels of fluoride in drinking water (Valjevo and Vranjska Banja, Serbia). We assume that long intake of water containing high levels of fluorides may contribute to fluoride accumulation in enamel and development of dental fluorosis. Extracted teeth of 70 children, 12 years old, were examined for fluoride contents in enamel. Totally 27 water samples from both regions were collected for fluoride measurement. Fluoride content was determined potentiometrically using ion-selective electrode. This study was approved by Ethical Committee of School of Dentistry, Belgrade University (No.727/1; 2006). Average fluoride content in enamel and drinking water from Vranjska Banja region were 182.2 ppm and 4.5 ppm, respectively. In non-fluorotic region of Valjevo city average fluoride content in enamel and drinking water were 94.74 ppm and 0.2 ppm, respectively. Obtained results indicated that fluoride levels in drinking
water of Vranjska Banja were significantly higher than levels recommended by WHO (0.7–1.2 ppm). Fluoride levels in enamel samples of children from Vranjska Banja, were higher than in samples taken from children who live in Valjevo region. Examination of caries prevalence showed higher value in Valjevo than in Vranska Banja region (4.5 vs. 2.7). Therefore, study confirmed higher tooth resistance against caries but also higher risk of dental fluorosis in children from fluortic comparing with non-fluorotic region. Results of this study indicate positive and significant correlation between fluoride content in enamel and levels of fluoride in drinking water. This work was partly supported by the Ministry of Science and Technological Development, Serbia (project TR 20212A). doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.201
P102-018 Activity of the veterinary toxicology attention service of Lugo, NW Spain ˜ 2 , M. A. García Fernández 2 , M. Pérez López 1 , M.C. Nóvoa Valinas 2 M.J. Melgar Riol 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine UEx, 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine USC A review of the seven working years of the Veterinary Toxicology Attention Service (SATVe) of the University of Santiago de Compostela (NW Spain), from its creation in 2001 until 2008, within Veterinary Clinical Hospital – “Rof Codina” Foundation is presented. The SATVe, which can be reached by telephone, fax or e-mail, serves not only as an information resource for a clientele seeking toxicity information to be used in a preventative fashion but also for the treatment of animal diseases caused by chemicals, drugs, and toxins. Moreover, it can be also contacted for analytical toxicology service. In all cases, the Service is available not only for veterinary practitioners but also for other professionals and public in general. The SATVe compiles the information concerning all the cases into its own database, thus guiding clinical research, which is of great usefulness for the veterinary practitioners. Calls received are managed by healthcare professionals (mainly veterinarians) who have received specific training in managing animal poisonings. From its inception in 2001, the SATVe’s number of poisonings and consultations reported has grown dramatically (225%). With respect to the epidemiology, canines have been the most affected species (48.74%), followed by cattle (12.31%) and felines (8.39%). The criminal origin of the poisonings is majority when compared to the accidental ones; and samples from both canines and illegal baits have shown the highest frequency of positive analytical results. From all the received cases, those positive represent 48%. When considering the detected toxic, pesticides (55%), drugs (22.50%) and a group named “other toxics” (22.50%, including heavy metals, mycotoxins, nitrates, etc.) have been the most frequently identified. Special attention must be paid with strychnine, because even banned, still represented 34% of the total cases. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.202