- Email: [email protected]
Acupuncture: Physiological mechanisms and clinical application
Abstracts
559. PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG CONSUMPTION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF UK M.M. Ohayon', R.G. Priest2 , & M, Caulet l ICentre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montreal, Montreal. Qu~bec, C.mada, HIC IHI; :2Universily of London, Academic Dept. of Psychiatry St. Mary'~ Hospital. London W2 IPD, England The use of psychotropic drugs is extremely widespread. Relevant epidemiological studies are numerous and demonslrote that psychotropic drug consumption varies between 4% ond 12%, depending on the country considered. In n study conducted on tl large representative sample of the non-institulionnlized population of the United Kingdom. 15 years of age and older (n=4972). we explored the prevalence of psychotropic drug consumption. In all, 6249 subjects were approached nnd 4972 interviews were completed (19.6% of the potential sample). Telephone interviews were perfonned by 40 lay interviewers using the knowledge based system Eva!. ThIs is ::l previously validated computerized system designed to guide the interviewers. Results showed that 3.5% [3% to 4%1 of the sample currently used psychotropic medication. Such drugs were consumed by a higher proportion of women (4.6% (3.8% to 5.4%]) than men (2.3% (1.7% to 2.9%]; p < 0.0001) and increased with age. While relatively uncommon among young subjects. consumption increased considerobly beginning at the age of 35 years. and affected 8.1% [6.4% to 9,8%J of the ,elderly (2:65 years of age) (p <0.000 I). After the names of the medication provided by the subjects were verified, it was found that, for more than 44.3%, the drugs used were hypnotics. Antidepressants ronked second (30.5%), followed by amdolytic5 (22.3%), Use of "Over-the-counter" sleeping pills was reported by 6.3% of the consumers. Geneml prnctitioncrs were the most common prescribers (over 80% for each class of drug). In comparison to similar epidemiological studies perfonncd in Frnnce and Quebec (Canada). the use of antidepressants in the treatment of anxious states and sleep complaints is more widespread in UK while anxiolYlic consumption is lower. However, as observed in olher cOllntries, elderly and women constituted the majority of consumers.
560. ACUPUNCTURE: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL APPLICATION
DtOL PSYCHIATRY 1996:39:500-666
665
mechanism for a number of therapeutic effects of acupuncture, He also showed that needles were not necessary, polymer conducting pads were surficient. Thus the melaphysicnl hypothesis of "meridian theory" became obsolete lind even the word "ecu" (sharp), "puncture" (lhru the skin) a misnomer, Recentli' electro-acupuncture has been found of benefit not only for patients with chronic pain but also. stroke. at disturbances, chronic depression. drug addiction. conditioned healing and olhers. Equipment and techniques will be demonstrated.
561. A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR TREATING EATING DISORDERS W. Kaye University of Pittsburgh, School of Mtlrlicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Women with eating disonlers have a complex of symptoms that could be relatcd to a disturbance of neurotransmiller(s). These symptoms include pathologic feeding behavior, nbnonnol body image, dysphoric mood, obsessionalily, and altered impulse (:ontool. To avoid the confounding effects of malnutrition on neurotransmitter function. we studied subjects after good outcomellong·term recovery from anOreXl
G.A. Ulete & S.P. Han2 University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO 63139; ISt.Louis University. Dept. Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine; :l:St,Louis University, Dept. of Phannacologiclll and Physiological Sciences.
562. BULIMIA NERVOSA: WHICH TREATMENT IS BEST? lE. Mitchell
In 3000 DCE corly Chinese acupuncturists vigorously twirled heavy splinters of bone or bamboo at ncupuncture sitcs. A piezo-electric effet:l probably occurred. In 1958 China announced to the: world the use of electro-acupuncture for surgical analgesia. JS HlIn of Beijing Medical University then began a series of studies leading to an ana!omical and biochemicol understanding of llcupunclurc analgesia. In 1976 our group in Missouri studied llcupuncture anll expcril1lentlll pain, We reported that acupuncture was not hypnosis, Ilnd that cfectriclty added to needles augmented the response, Of hundreds of "ucupuncture points," 80 useful ones turned out to be motor points. In 1990 JS Han demons1rllted that specific frequencies of stimulotion released specific neuropeptides in the CNS of animals and humans. The relellse of such ncuropcptides is the
Eating Disorders Research Progrnm. Department of Psychiatry. University of Minnesota Since the original description of the syndrome of bulimia nervosa by Russell in 1979 a large controlled trcatmentliternture on this i::ondition has nccumulated. Analogous to Ihe development of treatment approaches for other psychiatric conditions. this literature has systemntically evaluated various psychotherapy approaches. psyehophannacological strategies, and more recently. has i::omparcd Dntl combined psychophannacology nnd psychotherapy approaches. These results show that many
559. PREVALENCE OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUG CONSUMPTION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION OF UK M.M. Ohayon', R.G. Priest2 , & M, Caulet l ICentre de Recherche Philippe Pinel de Montreal, Montreal. Qu~bec, C.mada, HIC IHI; :2Universily of London, Academic Dept. of Psychiatry St. Mary'~ Hospital. London W2 IPD, England The use of psychotropic drugs is extremely widespread. Relevant epidemiological studies are numerous and demonslrote that psychotropic drug consumption varies between 4% ond 12%, depending on the country considered. In n study conducted on tl large representative sample of the non-institulionnlized population of the United Kingdom. 15 years of age and older (n=4972). we explored the prevalence of psychotropic drug consumption. In all, 6249 subjects were approached nnd 4972 interviews were completed (19.6% of the potential sample). Telephone interviews were perfonned by 40 lay interviewers using the knowledge based system Eva!. ThIs is ::l previously validated computerized system designed to guide the interviewers. Results showed that 3.5% [3% to 4%1 of the sample currently used psychotropic medication. Such drugs were consumed by a higher proportion of women (4.6% (3.8% to 5.4%]) than men (2.3% (1.7% to 2.9%]; p < 0.0001) and increased with age. While relatively uncommon among young subjects. consumption increased considerobly beginning at the age of 35 years. and affected 8.1% [6.4% to 9,8%J of the ,elderly (2:65 years of age) (p <0.000 I). After the names of the medication provided by the subjects were verified, it was found that, for more than 44.3%, the drugs used were hypnotics. Antidepressants ronked second (30.5%), followed by amdolytic5 (22.3%), Use of "Over-the-counter" sleeping pills was reported by 6.3% of the consumers. Geneml prnctitioncrs were the most common prescribers (over 80% for each class of drug). In comparison to similar epidemiological studies perfonncd in Frnnce and Quebec (Canada). the use of antidepressants in the treatment of anxious states and sleep complaints is more widespread in UK while anxiolYlic consumption is lower. However, as observed in olher cOllntries, elderly and women constituted the majority of consumers.
560. ACUPUNCTURE: PHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND CLINICAL APPLICATION
DtOL PSYCHIATRY 1996:39:500-666
665
mechanism for a number of therapeutic effects of acupuncture, He also showed that needles were not necessary, polymer conducting pads were surficient. Thus the melaphysicnl hypothesis of "meridian theory" became obsolete lind even the word "ecu" (sharp), "puncture" (lhru the skin) a misnomer, Recentli' electro-acupuncture has been found of benefit not only for patients with chronic pain but also. stroke. at disturbances, chronic depression. drug addiction. conditioned healing and olhers. Equipment and techniques will be demonstrated.
561. A BIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR TREATING EATING DISORDERS W. Kaye University of Pittsburgh, School of Mtlrlicine, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Women with eating disonlers have a complex of symptoms that could be relatcd to a disturbance of neurotransmiller(s). These symptoms include pathologic feeding behavior, nbnonnol body image, dysphoric mood, obsessionalily, and altered impulse (:ontool. To avoid the confounding effects of malnutrition on neurotransmitter function. we studied subjects after good outcomellong·term recovery from anOreXl
G.A. Ulete & S.P. Han2 University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine, St.Louis, MO 63139; ISt.Louis University. Dept. Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine; :l:St,Louis University, Dept. of Phannacologiclll and Physiological Sciences.
562. BULIMIA NERVOSA: WHICH TREATMENT IS BEST? lE. Mitchell
In 3000 DCE corly Chinese acupuncturists vigorously twirled heavy splinters of bone or bamboo at ncupuncture sitcs. A piezo-electric effet:l probably occurred. In 1958 China announced to the: world the use of electro-acupuncture for surgical analgesia. JS HlIn of Beijing Medical University then began a series of studies leading to an ana!omical and biochemicol understanding of llcupunclurc analgesia. In 1976 our group in Missouri studied llcupuncture anll expcril1lentlll pain, We reported that acupuncture was not hypnosis, Ilnd that cfectriclty added to needles augmented the response, Of hundreds of "ucupuncture points," 80 useful ones turned out to be motor points. In 1990 JS Han demons1rllted that specific frequencies of stimulotion released specific neuropeptides in the CNS of animals and humans. The relellse of such ncuropcptides is the
Eating Disorders Research Progrnm. Department of Psychiatry. University of Minnesota Since the original description of the syndrome of bulimia nervosa by Russell in 1979 a large controlled trcatmentliternture on this i::ondition has nccumulated. Analogous to Ihe development of treatment approaches for other psychiatric conditions. this literature has systemntically evaluated various psychotherapy approaches. psyehophannacological strategies, and more recently. has i::omparcd Dntl combined psychophannacology nnd psychotherapy approaches. These results show that many