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Acute and subacute toxicities of safranal, a constituent of saffron, in mice and rats
S122
Abstracts
Keywords: Biosensor, Organophosphorous hydrolase, Silica –nanomagnet core-shell doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1097
E Poster – [A-10-634-1] Survey of Aflatoxin in pasteurized and local raw milk in Shahrekord city and suburbs Hassan Moghima, Hedayatollah Shirzadb a Department of Mycology and Parasitilogy, Medical SchoolL, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran b Imunology Dept., Medical School, Shahrekord Univ. of Medical Sciences, Shahrekor E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Moghim), [email protected] (H. Shirzad) Aflatoxin is a dangerous and carcinogenic toxin that is produced by some saprophyte fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Penicillium puberlum. These fungi grow on the surface of grains, beans, pistachios, peanuts, wet grass and dry bread and produce toxi. Aflatoxin is a variety that most of them are B1 and G1. Due to collection and use dry bread contaminated with fungus in animal house aflatoxin B1 after using by animals such as cow and sheep is converted to aflatoxin M1 into animals liver by liver enzyms and then can be excreted through the body fluids such as urine, milk and other secretions. According to FDA (food and drug administration) protocol limited level of aflatoxin M1 in milk is 0/5 ppb(500 ppt) which using more than of this unit can cause some sort of disease such as hepatic cancer, chronic hepatitis. Congenial abnormalities, abortion, etc. Aflatoxin M1 can pass through pasteurization process. In this study 89 milk samples were collected from industrial native animal husbandries and pasteurization factories from the Shahrekord city and its country sides and milk samples were tested by Elisa method and RIDA SCREEN Aflatoxin M1 kit. Results of this study shows that aflatoxin titer from 89 samples of milk collected in the Shahreord city and suburbs, 24 samples (27%) of them have been zero ppt, 41 samples (46%) have been between 0.1-4.9 and 24 samples (27%) have been equivalent 5 ppt and less than 5 ppt aflatoxin titer. Aflatoxin titer of consumable milks in shahrekord city and suburbs has been reported equivalent 5 ppt and less than 5 ppt, that this amount is less than what the Food and Drug Administration has reported, so consumable milk in Shahrekord city and suburbs have no risk for use. Keywords: Milk, Aflatoxin, Aspergillus, ELISA, Shahrekord
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1098
E Poster – [A-10-747-1] Effect of crocin on hypotension induced by subchronic diazinon administration in rat Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohsen Imenshahidi, Khalil Abnous, Marjan Razavi Bibi School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Hosseinzadeh), [email protected] (M. Imenshahidi), [email protected] (K. Abnous), [email protected] (M. Razavi Bibi) Introduction: In this study, effects of crocin against subchronic toxicity of diazinon on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in rat.
Material and methods: 42 rats were equally divided into 7 groups: control group (Corn oil), diazinon treated group (15 mg/kg), crocin treated groups (each group received 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg crocin plus diazinon), vitamin E treated group (200 mg/kg plus diazinon) and crocin alone treated group (50 mg/kg). Diazinon was treated through gavage once a day for 4 weeks. Vitamin E and crocin were intraperitoneally injected to rats for 4 weeks three times per week and once a day, respectively. Plasma cholinesterase activity (Elman method), SBP and HR (tail cuff method) were evaluated at the end of the 4th week. Results: A significant decrease in cholinesterase activity was observed in diazinon treated group (P0.05). Treatment with diazinon significantly reduced SBP (P < 0.01) and increased HR (P0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that concurrent administration of crocin and diazinon, could restore the effects of subchronic diazinon administration on SBP and HR in rat. Keywords: Crocin, Diazinon, Crocus sativus, Blood pressure, Heart rate, Saffron doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1099
E Poster – [A-10-760-1] Acute and subacute toxicities of safranal, a constituent of saffron, in mice and rats Hossein Hosseinzadeha, Saied Sadeghi Shakiba, Abbas Khadem Samenib, Elahe Taghiabadia a School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran b Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Hosseinzadeh), [email protected] (S. Sadeghi Shakib), [email protected] (A. Khadem Sameni), [email protected] (E. Taghiabadi) Introduction: Safranal, a monoterpene aldehyde, is a main constituent of the essential volatile oil that is responsible for the characteristic saffron odor and aroma. The acute and subacute toxicities of safranal were studied in rat and mice, which lasted for 2 and 21 days, respectively. Materials and methods: For subacute toxicity, changes in weight as well as pathological, hematological (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets) and biochemical (ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK, BUN, total bilirubin and cholesterol, serum glucose, triglyceride, albumin) tests were studied in rats after 21 days. Results: The intraperitoneal LD50 values of safranal were 1.48 ml/kg in male mice, 1.88 ml/kg in female mice and 1.50 ml/kg in male rats. Oral LD50 values were 21.42 ml/kg in male mice, 11.42 ml/kg in female mice and 5.53 ml/kg in male rats. For subacute toxicity, safranal was administered orally to male rats once daily for 21 days. In hematological tests, a significant decrease in RBC counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelets was observed. Safranal decreased cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase. Lactate dehydrogenase and serum urea nitrogen were increased by safranal. Histological studies indicated that safranal did not have any toxic effect on the heart, liver and spleen. However, pathological changes were seen in the kidney and lung. Discussion: According to LD50 values, safranal was shown to be low-toxic in acute intraperitoneal route and particularly non-toxic in acute oral administration in mice and rats. In subacute toxicity, safranal changed some hematological and biochemical parameters. Keywords: Safranal, Crocus sativus, Saffron, Acute toxicity, Subacute toxicity doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1100
Abstracts
Keywords: Biosensor, Organophosphorous hydrolase, Silica –nanomagnet core-shell doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1097
E Poster – [A-10-634-1] Survey of Aflatoxin in pasteurized and local raw milk in Shahrekord city and suburbs Hassan Moghima, Hedayatollah Shirzadb a Department of Mycology and Parasitilogy, Medical SchoolL, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran b Imunology Dept., Medical School, Shahrekord Univ. of Medical Sciences, Shahrekor E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Moghim), [email protected] (H. Shirzad) Aflatoxin is a dangerous and carcinogenic toxin that is produced by some saprophyte fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, and Penicillium puberlum. These fungi grow on the surface of grains, beans, pistachios, peanuts, wet grass and dry bread and produce toxi. Aflatoxin is a variety that most of them are B1 and G1. Due to collection and use dry bread contaminated with fungus in animal house aflatoxin B1 after using by animals such as cow and sheep is converted to aflatoxin M1 into animals liver by liver enzyms and then can be excreted through the body fluids such as urine, milk and other secretions. According to FDA (food and drug administration) protocol limited level of aflatoxin M1 in milk is 0/5 ppb(500 ppt) which using more than of this unit can cause some sort of disease such as hepatic cancer, chronic hepatitis. Congenial abnormalities, abortion, etc. Aflatoxin M1 can pass through pasteurization process. In this study 89 milk samples were collected from industrial native animal husbandries and pasteurization factories from the Shahrekord city and its country sides and milk samples were tested by Elisa method and RIDA SCREEN Aflatoxin M1 kit. Results of this study shows that aflatoxin titer from 89 samples of milk collected in the Shahreord city and suburbs, 24 samples (27%) of them have been zero ppt, 41 samples (46%) have been between 0.1-4.9 and 24 samples (27%) have been equivalent 5 ppt and less than 5 ppt aflatoxin titer. Aflatoxin titer of consumable milks in shahrekord city and suburbs has been reported equivalent 5 ppt and less than 5 ppt, that this amount is less than what the Food and Drug Administration has reported, so consumable milk in Shahrekord city and suburbs have no risk for use. Keywords: Milk, Aflatoxin, Aspergillus, ELISA, Shahrekord
doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1098
E Poster – [A-10-747-1] Effect of crocin on hypotension induced by subchronic diazinon administration in rat Hossein Hosseinzadeh, Mohsen Imenshahidi, Khalil Abnous, Marjan Razavi Bibi School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Hosseinzadeh), [email protected] (M. Imenshahidi), [email protected] (K. Abnous), [email protected] (M. Razavi Bibi) Introduction: In this study, effects of crocin against subchronic toxicity of diazinon on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) were evaluated in rat.
Material and methods: 42 rats were equally divided into 7 groups: control group (Corn oil), diazinon treated group (15 mg/kg), crocin treated groups (each group received 12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg crocin plus diazinon), vitamin E treated group (200 mg/kg plus diazinon) and crocin alone treated group (50 mg/kg). Diazinon was treated through gavage once a day for 4 weeks. Vitamin E and crocin were intraperitoneally injected to rats for 4 weeks three times per week and once a day, respectively. Plasma cholinesterase activity (Elman method), SBP and HR (tail cuff method) were evaluated at the end of the 4th week. Results: A significant decrease in cholinesterase activity was observed in diazinon treated group (P0.05). Treatment with diazinon significantly reduced SBP (P < 0.01) and increased HR (P0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that concurrent administration of crocin and diazinon, could restore the effects of subchronic diazinon administration on SBP and HR in rat. Keywords: Crocin, Diazinon, Crocus sativus, Blood pressure, Heart rate, Saffron doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1099
E Poster – [A-10-760-1] Acute and subacute toxicities of safranal, a constituent of saffron, in mice and rats Hossein Hosseinzadeha, Saied Sadeghi Shakiba, Abbas Khadem Samenib, Elahe Taghiabadia a School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran b Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran E-mail addresses: [email protected] (H. Hosseinzadeh), [email protected] (S. Sadeghi Shakib), [email protected] (A. Khadem Sameni), [email protected] (E. Taghiabadi) Introduction: Safranal, a monoterpene aldehyde, is a main constituent of the essential volatile oil that is responsible for the characteristic saffron odor and aroma. The acute and subacute toxicities of safranal were studied in rat and mice, which lasted for 2 and 21 days, respectively. Materials and methods: For subacute toxicity, changes in weight as well as pathological, hematological (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, MCV, MCH, MCHC, platelets) and biochemical (ALP, AST, ALT, LDH, CPK, BUN, total bilirubin and cholesterol, serum glucose, triglyceride, albumin) tests were studied in rats after 21 days. Results: The intraperitoneal LD50 values of safranal were 1.48 ml/kg in male mice, 1.88 ml/kg in female mice and 1.50 ml/kg in male rats. Oral LD50 values were 21.42 ml/kg in male mice, 11.42 ml/kg in female mice and 5.53 ml/kg in male rats. For subacute toxicity, safranal was administered orally to male rats once daily for 21 days. In hematological tests, a significant decrease in RBC counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin and platelets was observed. Safranal decreased cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase. Lactate dehydrogenase and serum urea nitrogen were increased by safranal. Histological studies indicated that safranal did not have any toxic effect on the heart, liver and spleen. However, pathological changes were seen in the kidney and lung. Discussion: According to LD50 values, safranal was shown to be low-toxic in acute intraperitoneal route and particularly non-toxic in acute oral administration in mice and rats. In subacute toxicity, safranal changed some hematological and biochemical parameters. Keywords: Safranal, Crocus sativus, Saffron, Acute toxicity, Subacute toxicity doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1100