- Email: [email protected]
Acute effect of queen garnet plum juice on blood pressure, cognition and urinary metabolite excretion
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Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
Funding source(s): Multiple Sclerosis Western Australia
Concurrent session 8: Nutrients, antioxidants and health EFFECTS OF AN ENCAPSULATED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICE CONCENTRATE ON OBESITY-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION E.J. Williams, K.J. Baines, B.S. Berthon, L.G. Wood. Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (E.J. Williams). Background/Aims: Phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables have been shown to reduce systemic inflammation. This study examined the effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate on risk factors for chronic disease in overweight and obese adults. Methods: A double-blinded, parallel, randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 56 adults aged 40 years, with BMI 28 kg/m2. Before and after 8 weeks daily treatment with 6 capsules of fruit and vegetable juice concentrate or placebo, peripheral blood gene expression (microarray and qPCR), plasma TNFa (ELISA), plasma carotenoids (HPLC), body composition (DEXA), HbA1c, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. Results: Total carotenoids (week 0: 0.73 vs. week 8: 0.85 mg/L; p ¼ 0.017) and b-carotene (0.11 vs. 0.16 mg/L; p < 0.001) significantly increased in plasma following consumption of the juice concentrate. Correspondingly, total cholesterol (5.70 vs. 5.50 mmol/L; p ¼ 0.015) and LDL cholesterol (3.63 vs. 3.50 mmol/L; p ¼ 0.032), plasma TNF-a (1.04 vs. 1.02 pg/mL; p ¼ 0.037) and systolic blood pressure (131.7 vs. 125.9 mmHg; p ¼ 0.005) were decreased and total lean mass (49.3 vs. 50.0 kg; p ¼ 0.018) increased following the juice concentrate. Between group differences were observed for plasma total carotenoids, lycopene and b-carotene. Gene expression of various signalling pathways was altered, including 3 genes involved in lipogenesis, 10 NF-kB associated genes and 2 AMPK associated genes. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation, blood lipids and body composition were improved in obese individuals following an 8-week intervention with an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate, which may be useful in reducing the risk of obesity-induced chronic disease. Funding source(s): NSA, LLC (Collierville, TN) MOLASSES EXTRACT IMPROVES BODY COMPOSITION AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF MICE ON A HIGH-FAT DIET P. Rodger 1, M. Jois 2, R. Weisinger 1, D. Begg 3. 1 School of Psychological Science, Australia; 2 School of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; 3 School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Rodger). Background/Aims: Plant polyphenols in health and disease have gained significant attention in recent years. In particular, some polyphenols have been shown to have weight-reducing properties with numerous studies reporting their ability to have positive effects on metabolism. We assessed the effect of a polyphenol rich extract from sugarcane molasses (ME) in an animal model of obesity on body composition, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Methods: C67BL/6J mice were randomised to one of three dietary groups for 18 weeks (n ¼ 12); high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+16%ME (ME16), and HFD+32%ME (ME32) and body composition and metabolism assessed. Results: ME16 and ME32 attenuated body weight gain (-4.75 ± 0.99 and -10.14 ± 0.41 g, respectively), reduced fat mass (-5.82 ± 1.20 and -12.63 ± 0.22 g), epididymal fat (-0.67 ± 0.16 and -1.35 ± 0.03 g) and liver weights (-0.19 ± 0.16 and -0.74 ± 0.05 g), increased energy expenditure (+9.40 ± 2.49 and +11.27 ± 2.99 kJ/d) and suppressed the level of absorption and digestion (-2.19 ± 0.32 and -3.88 ± 0.28 g) of the HFD (all p < 0.001). ME32 also improved glucose tolerance (+2.29 ± 0.34; p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (+3.01 ± 1.12; p < 0.01). In the liver, ME produced changes associated with thermogenesis and fat oxidation, including increased proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1a (ME16: +1.35 ± 0.46; ME32: +2.03 ± 0.17; both p < 0.001) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (ME16: +0.68 ± 0.30, p < 0.05; ME32: +1.13 ± 0.09, p < 0.001), while ME32 reduced inflammatory marker, monocyte chemoattractant
protein (-0.73 ± 0.03, p < 0.05) and increased uncoupling protein 2 (+0.88 ± 0.06; p < 0.01), an adaptive response to oxidative stress. Conclusions: Long-term administration of ME improves HFD-induced aspects of body composition by increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Funding source(s): ARC ACUTE EFFECT OF QUEEN GARNET PLUM JUICE ON BLOOD PRESSURE, COGNITION AND URINARY METABOLITE EXCRETION E.O. Igwe 1, K.E. Charlton 1, S. Roodenrys 1, K. Kent 1, M. Netzel 2, K. Fanning 3. 1 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; 2 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Australia; 3 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (E.O. Igwe). Background/Aims: Consumption of anthocyanins from fruit sources may exert protection against hypertension and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute impact of plum juice, produced from the novel high anthocyanin Queen Garnet Plum (QGP), on cognition, blood pressure and urinary anthocyanin excretion profiles. Methods: Twelve older (65 y+) and 12 younger (18-45 y) adults participated in an acute crossover study. Participants randomly received either 300ml single dose or 3 100 mL QGP juice over 3 hours (0, 1, 3 hours) on two different occasions with a 2-week washout period. Cognitive tasks were administered at 0h and 6h on each study day, BP and urinary anthocyanin/metabolite excretion profiles measured over 24 hours. AUC for BP was calculated (0-6 hours). Results: No significant dose-effect was observed for BP, therefore, groups were analysed together. The greatest BP reduction was observed at 2 hours for both age groups. This was more obvious for systolic BP of the older group with a mean difference of 12.83 ± 16.51 mmHg from baseline. No acute effect of QGP juice was observed on cognition. Native Queen Garnet plum anthocyanins as well as five methylated and glucuronidated metabolites were excreted in the urine of study participants (0.19-0.24% of the ingested dose) with no significant differences between age groups or dosage. Conclusions: The notable acute reduction in BP following consumption of the QGP holds promise for non-pharmacological strategies to prevent and manage hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the metabolic fate of fruit-delivered anthocyanins. Funding source(s): University of Wollongong THE IMPACT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS AND GROWING SEASON ON THE ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT OF SWEET CHERRY VARIETIES M.L. Blackhall, R. Berry, J.T. Walls. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (M.L. Blackhall). Background/Aims: Cherries are known to be a rich source of anthocyanins, however the consumption of fresh cherries is limited by a short growing season. This study aimed to determine the anthocyanin profile and concentration of sweet cherry varieties produced in Tasmania, and to investigate the impact of storage at -20oC on these water-soluble pigments. The effect of seasonal variation on total anthocyanin content (TAC) was also investigated. Methods: Cherries were harvested at commercial maturity stage in 2015 and 2016. Immediately and following storage at -20oC for 3 or 12 months, anthocyanins were extracted utilising an optimised extraction protocol. The anthocyanin profile and the TAC of the extract were determined via UPLC. Results: Significant differences in total anthocyanin content were identified between varieties. Kordia was the richest source of anthocyanins, with a TAC of 873 mg/100g, followed by Vans, Sweet Georgia, Simone and Lapins. TAC decreased by 54.6% following storage at -20oC for 3 months (p < 0.005), with a further decrease to 22.5% of original TAC following 12 months storage (p < 0.005). Seasonal variation was found to have a
Abstracts / Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 8 (2017) 60e121
Funding source(s): Multiple Sclerosis Western Australia
Concurrent session 8: Nutrients, antioxidants and health EFFECTS OF AN ENCAPSULATED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE JUICE CONCENTRATE ON OBESITY-INDUCED SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION E.J. Williams, K.J. Baines, B.S. Berthon, L.G. Wood. Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (E.J. Williams). Background/Aims: Phytochemicals from fruits and vegetables have been shown to reduce systemic inflammation. This study examined the effects of an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate on risk factors for chronic disease in overweight and obese adults. Methods: A double-blinded, parallel, randomised placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 56 adults aged 40 years, with BMI 28 kg/m2. Before and after 8 weeks daily treatment with 6 capsules of fruit and vegetable juice concentrate or placebo, peripheral blood gene expression (microarray and qPCR), plasma TNFa (ELISA), plasma carotenoids (HPLC), body composition (DEXA), HbA1c, cholesterol and triglycerides were assessed. Results: Total carotenoids (week 0: 0.73 vs. week 8: 0.85 mg/L; p ¼ 0.017) and b-carotene (0.11 vs. 0.16 mg/L; p < 0.001) significantly increased in plasma following consumption of the juice concentrate. Correspondingly, total cholesterol (5.70 vs. 5.50 mmol/L; p ¼ 0.015) and LDL cholesterol (3.63 vs. 3.50 mmol/L; p ¼ 0.032), plasma TNF-a (1.04 vs. 1.02 pg/mL; p ¼ 0.037) and systolic blood pressure (131.7 vs. 125.9 mmHg; p ¼ 0.005) were decreased and total lean mass (49.3 vs. 50.0 kg; p ¼ 0.018) increased following the juice concentrate. Between group differences were observed for plasma total carotenoids, lycopene and b-carotene. Gene expression of various signalling pathways was altered, including 3 genes involved in lipogenesis, 10 NF-kB associated genes and 2 AMPK associated genes. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation, blood lipids and body composition were improved in obese individuals following an 8-week intervention with an encapsulated fruit and vegetable juice concentrate, which may be useful in reducing the risk of obesity-induced chronic disease. Funding source(s): NSA, LLC (Collierville, TN) MOLASSES EXTRACT IMPROVES BODY COMPOSITION AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM OF MICE ON A HIGH-FAT DIET P. Rodger 1, M. Jois 2, R. Weisinger 1, D. Begg 3. 1 School of Psychological Science, Australia; 2 School of Agricultural Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; 3 School of Psychology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (P. Rodger). Background/Aims: Plant polyphenols in health and disease have gained significant attention in recent years. In particular, some polyphenols have been shown to have weight-reducing properties with numerous studies reporting their ability to have positive effects on metabolism. We assessed the effect of a polyphenol rich extract from sugarcane molasses (ME) in an animal model of obesity on body composition, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Methods: C67BL/6J mice were randomised to one of three dietary groups for 18 weeks (n ¼ 12); high-fat diet (HFD), HFD+16%ME (ME16), and HFD+32%ME (ME32) and body composition and metabolism assessed. Results: ME16 and ME32 attenuated body weight gain (-4.75 ± 0.99 and -10.14 ± 0.41 g, respectively), reduced fat mass (-5.82 ± 1.20 and -12.63 ± 0.22 g), epididymal fat (-0.67 ± 0.16 and -1.35 ± 0.03 g) and liver weights (-0.19 ± 0.16 and -0.74 ± 0.05 g), increased energy expenditure (+9.40 ± 2.49 and +11.27 ± 2.99 kJ/d) and suppressed the level of absorption and digestion (-2.19 ± 0.32 and -3.88 ± 0.28 g) of the HFD (all p < 0.001). ME32 also improved glucose tolerance (+2.29 ± 0.34; p < 0.001) and insulin sensitivity (+3.01 ± 1.12; p < 0.01). In the liver, ME produced changes associated with thermogenesis and fat oxidation, including increased proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1a (ME16: +1.35 ± 0.46; ME32: +2.03 ± 0.17; both p < 0.001) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a (ME16: +0.68 ± 0.30, p < 0.05; ME32: +1.13 ± 0.09, p < 0.001), while ME32 reduced inflammatory marker, monocyte chemoattractant
protein (-0.73 ± 0.03, p < 0.05) and increased uncoupling protein 2 (+0.88 ± 0.06; p < 0.01), an adaptive response to oxidative stress. Conclusions: Long-term administration of ME improves HFD-induced aspects of body composition by increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation. Funding source(s): ARC ACUTE EFFECT OF QUEEN GARNET PLUM JUICE ON BLOOD PRESSURE, COGNITION AND URINARY METABOLITE EXCRETION E.O. Igwe 1, K.E. Charlton 1, S. Roodenrys 1, K. Kent 1, M. Netzel 2, K. Fanning 3. 1 School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Australia; 2 Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Australia; 3 Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (E.O. Igwe). Background/Aims: Consumption of anthocyanins from fruit sources may exert protection against hypertension and cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute impact of plum juice, produced from the novel high anthocyanin Queen Garnet Plum (QGP), on cognition, blood pressure and urinary anthocyanin excretion profiles. Methods: Twelve older (65 y+) and 12 younger (18-45 y) adults participated in an acute crossover study. Participants randomly received either 300ml single dose or 3 100 mL QGP juice over 3 hours (0, 1, 3 hours) on two different occasions with a 2-week washout period. Cognitive tasks were administered at 0h and 6h on each study day, BP and urinary anthocyanin/metabolite excretion profiles measured over 24 hours. AUC for BP was calculated (0-6 hours). Results: No significant dose-effect was observed for BP, therefore, groups were analysed together. The greatest BP reduction was observed at 2 hours for both age groups. This was more obvious for systolic BP of the older group with a mean difference of 12.83 ± 16.51 mmHg from baseline. No acute effect of QGP juice was observed on cognition. Native Queen Garnet plum anthocyanins as well as five methylated and glucuronidated metabolites were excreted in the urine of study participants (0.19-0.24% of the ingested dose) with no significant differences between age groups or dosage. Conclusions: The notable acute reduction in BP following consumption of the QGP holds promise for non-pharmacological strategies to prevent and manage hypertension. Further studies are needed to elucidate the metabolic fate of fruit-delivered anthocyanins. Funding source(s): University of Wollongong THE IMPACT OF STORAGE CONDITIONS AND GROWING SEASON ON THE ANTHOCYANIN CONTENT OF SWEET CHERRY VARIETIES M.L. Blackhall, R. Berry, J.T. Walls. School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, TAS, Australia E-mail address: [email protected] (M.L. Blackhall). Background/Aims: Cherries are known to be a rich source of anthocyanins, however the consumption of fresh cherries is limited by a short growing season. This study aimed to determine the anthocyanin profile and concentration of sweet cherry varieties produced in Tasmania, and to investigate the impact of storage at -20oC on these water-soluble pigments. The effect of seasonal variation on total anthocyanin content (TAC) was also investigated. Methods: Cherries were harvested at commercial maturity stage in 2015 and 2016. Immediately and following storage at -20oC for 3 or 12 months, anthocyanins were extracted utilising an optimised extraction protocol. The anthocyanin profile and the TAC of the extract were determined via UPLC. Results: Significant differences in total anthocyanin content were identified between varieties. Kordia was the richest source of anthocyanins, with a TAC of 873 mg/100g, followed by Vans, Sweet Georgia, Simone and Lapins. TAC decreased by 54.6% following storage at -20oC for 3 months (p < 0.005), with a further decrease to 22.5% of original TAC following 12 months storage (p < 0.005). Seasonal variation was found to have a