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Adolescents as victims of family violence
International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 46 (1994) 83-91
Citations from the literature
This is a selection of abstracts taken from the literature in the field of obstetrics and gynecology which the Journal’s Editors feel may be of interest to our readers’
Adolescents as victims of family violence
Cable Y.D. Jr.; Estes E.H. Jr.; Head C.A.; Karlan M.S.; Kennedy W.R.; Numann P.J.: Scheider K.A.; Scott W.C.; Skelton W.D.; Steinhilber R.M.; Strong J.P.; Wagner H.N. Jr.; Loeb J.M.; Rinaldi R.C.; Stewart B.; Voegtle K. USA
J AM MED ASSOC 1993 270/15(1850-1856) Adolescents experience maltreatment at rates equal to or exceeding those of younger children. Recent increases in reported cases of maltreatment have occurred disproportionately among older children and adolescents. However, adolescents are less likely to be reported to child protective services and are more likely to be perceived as responsible for their maltreatment. Adolescent girls are reported as victims more often than boys, especially in sexual abuse. However, boys may be less likely to be identified or reported and often are abused by nonfamily members. Parents of adolescent victims have higher average income and educational levels and are less likely to have a parental history of abuse than parents of younger children. A wide range of serious adolescent risk behaviors is associated with maltreatment. These include increased risk of premature sexual activity, unintended pregnancy, emotional disorders, suicide attempts, eating disorders, alcohol and other drug abuse, and delinquent behavior. Incarcerated youth, homeless or runaway youth. and youth who victimize siblings or assault parents have been shown to have high rates of prior maltreatment. Signs of maltreatment are often ambiguous for adolescents. Screening questions have been effective in prompting self-disclosure of abuse. Adolescents also experience problems in the child welfare system that offers fewer and less appropriate services for this age group. Recommendations are made regarding screening of adolescents for maltreatment. the development of better services for adolescents, research on parenting to prevent maltreatment, and training of school staff to identify and refer victims of maltreatment.
’Generated from the Excerpta Medica Database. EMBASE. SSDI
0020-7292(94)02052-Z
DISEASES IN PREGNANCY Prevention of preeclampsia
with low-dose aspirin in healthy,
nulliparous pregnant women
Sibai B.M.: Cartis S.N.; Thorn E.; Kelbanoff M.; McNellis D.; Rocco L.: Paul R.H.; Romero R.; Witter F.; Rosen M.; Depp R.: Godfrey S.; Chao R.: Gordon T.; Greene J.D.; Tannenbaum S.; Cefalo R.C.; Cotroneo M.; Walla C. et al. USA
NEW ENGL J MED 1993 329/17(1213-1218) Background. Although low-dose aspirin has been reported to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia among women at high risk for this complication, its eff%zacy and safety in healthy, nulliparous pregnant women are not known. Methods. We studied 3 I35 normotensive nulliparous women who were I3 to 26 weeks pregnant to determine whether treatment with aspirin reduced the incidence of preeclampsia. Of this group, 1570 women received 60 mg of aspirin per day and 1565 received placebo for the remainder of their pregnancies. We also evaluated the effect of aspirin on maternal and neonatal morbidity. Results. Of the original group of 3135 women, 2985(95’%)were followed throughout pregnancy and the immediate puerperium. The incidence of preeclampsia was lower in the aspirin group (69 of 1485 women [4.6’%$ than in the placebo group (94 of 1500 women [6.3X]) (relative risk, 0.7: 95% confidence interval. 0.6 to 1.0: P = 0.05). whereas the incidence of gestational hypertension was 6.7 and 5.9%. respectively. There were no significant differences in the infants’ birth weight or in the incidence of fetal growth retardation, postpartum hemorrhage, or neonatal bleeding problems between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that preeclampsia occurred primarily in women whose initial systolic blood pressure was 120 to 134 mmHg (incidence among such women, 5.6% in the aspirin group vs. I I .9X in the placebo group; P = 0.01). The incidence of abruptio placentae was greater among the women who received aspirin (II women. vs. 2 in the placebo
Citations from the literature
This is a selection of abstracts taken from the literature in the field of obstetrics and gynecology which the Journal’s Editors feel may be of interest to our readers’
Adolescents as victims of family violence
Cable Y.D. Jr.; Estes E.H. Jr.; Head C.A.; Karlan M.S.; Kennedy W.R.; Numann P.J.: Scheider K.A.; Scott W.C.; Skelton W.D.; Steinhilber R.M.; Strong J.P.; Wagner H.N. Jr.; Loeb J.M.; Rinaldi R.C.; Stewart B.; Voegtle K. USA
J AM MED ASSOC 1993 270/15(1850-1856) Adolescents experience maltreatment at rates equal to or exceeding those of younger children. Recent increases in reported cases of maltreatment have occurred disproportionately among older children and adolescents. However, adolescents are less likely to be reported to child protective services and are more likely to be perceived as responsible for their maltreatment. Adolescent girls are reported as victims more often than boys, especially in sexual abuse. However, boys may be less likely to be identified or reported and often are abused by nonfamily members. Parents of adolescent victims have higher average income and educational levels and are less likely to have a parental history of abuse than parents of younger children. A wide range of serious adolescent risk behaviors is associated with maltreatment. These include increased risk of premature sexual activity, unintended pregnancy, emotional disorders, suicide attempts, eating disorders, alcohol and other drug abuse, and delinquent behavior. Incarcerated youth, homeless or runaway youth. and youth who victimize siblings or assault parents have been shown to have high rates of prior maltreatment. Signs of maltreatment are often ambiguous for adolescents. Screening questions have been effective in prompting self-disclosure of abuse. Adolescents also experience problems in the child welfare system that offers fewer and less appropriate services for this age group. Recommendations are made regarding screening of adolescents for maltreatment. the development of better services for adolescents, research on parenting to prevent maltreatment, and training of school staff to identify and refer victims of maltreatment.
’Generated from the Excerpta Medica Database. EMBASE. SSDI
0020-7292(94)02052-Z
DISEASES IN PREGNANCY Prevention of preeclampsia
with low-dose aspirin in healthy,
nulliparous pregnant women
Sibai B.M.: Cartis S.N.; Thorn E.; Kelbanoff M.; McNellis D.; Rocco L.: Paul R.H.; Romero R.; Witter F.; Rosen M.; Depp R.: Godfrey S.; Chao R.: Gordon T.; Greene J.D.; Tannenbaum S.; Cefalo R.C.; Cotroneo M.; Walla C. et al. USA
NEW ENGL J MED 1993 329/17(1213-1218) Background. Although low-dose aspirin has been reported to reduce the incidence of preeclampsia among women at high risk for this complication, its eff%zacy and safety in healthy, nulliparous pregnant women are not known. Methods. We studied 3 I35 normotensive nulliparous women who were I3 to 26 weeks pregnant to determine whether treatment with aspirin reduced the incidence of preeclampsia. Of this group, 1570 women received 60 mg of aspirin per day and 1565 received placebo for the remainder of their pregnancies. We also evaluated the effect of aspirin on maternal and neonatal morbidity. Results. Of the original group of 3135 women, 2985(95’%)were followed throughout pregnancy and the immediate puerperium. The incidence of preeclampsia was lower in the aspirin group (69 of 1485 women [4.6’%$ than in the placebo group (94 of 1500 women [6.3X]) (relative risk, 0.7: 95% confidence interval. 0.6 to 1.0: P = 0.05). whereas the incidence of gestational hypertension was 6.7 and 5.9%. respectively. There were no significant differences in the infants’ birth weight or in the incidence of fetal growth retardation, postpartum hemorrhage, or neonatal bleeding problems between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed that preeclampsia occurred primarily in women whose initial systolic blood pressure was 120 to 134 mmHg (incidence among such women, 5.6% in the aspirin group vs. I I .9X in the placebo group; P = 0.01). The incidence of abruptio placentae was greater among the women who received aspirin (II women. vs. 2 in the placebo