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Adsorptive bubble separation techniques
BOOK R E V I E W S Journal of P h y s i c a l and C h e m i c a l Reference Data. Since, in the final analysis, progress in science is based on quantitative information, the intellectual condensation of the scientific literature in the form of evaluated data compliations is a most valuable way of coping with the problems of the literature "explosion". The new " J o u r n a l of Physical and Chemical P~eferenee D a t a " will present compilations of physical and chemical property data which have been critically evaluated by scientists who are knowledgeable in the pertinent fields of research. The sources and the criteria for selection and evaluation of the data will be fully documented. In addition, the journal will contain "Data Compilation Abstracts" providing an entry point to the world literature on evaluated data compilations. At irregular intervals booklength supplements in specific subject areas will be published, comprising collections of material which have appeared previously in the journal or which are too lengthy for the journal format. One of the functions of the journal is to provide an outlet for compilations and critical reviews produced by the National Standard Reference D a t a System (NSI~DS), a systematic national program on data evaluation, coordinated and partially supported by the National Bureau of Standards. A list of previously published NSI~DS compilations is available from the Office of Standard t~eference Data, National Bureaus of Standards, Washington, DC 20234 [See also J. Colloid Interface Sci. 88, 671-672 (1972)]. The quarterly journal is published by the American Chemical Society and the American Institute of Physics for the National Bureau of Standards. The first issue contains the following compilations of interest to the readers of this journal : "Selected values of critical supersaturation for nucleation of liquids from the v a p o r , " by G. M. Pound, and "Selected values of evaporation and condensation coefficients for simple substances," by G. M. Pound. (J. Phys. Chem. I~ef. Data, 1, 119, 135, 1972). H.
VAN
OLPIIEN
National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. B i o c h e m i c a l Aspects o f R e a c t i o n s on Solid Supports. Edited by GEORGE t~. STARK, Academic Press, 1971. 233 pp. $13.50. Starting in the early 1960's, the impact of the use of solid supports in biochemistry has steadily grown. A variety of ways of attaching enzymes to particles have been investigated to develop heterogeneous catalysts and to prepare artificial enzyme membranes. Difficult separations and purifications have been simplified by employing interac-
183
tions with solid supports. This rapidly developing field is revolutionizing biochemistry and will have an impact on other areas of chemistry as well. This book sets forth the present state of the art. I t is particularly useful for anyone who wishes to enter the field. There are five chapters on the following topics : Water-insoluble enzyme derivatives and artificial enzyme membranes; selective adsorbents based on biochemical specificity; solid phase synthesis: The use of solid supports and insoluble reagents in peptide synthesis; sequential degradation of peptides using solid supports; preparation of cross-linked Polystyrenes and their derivatives for use as solid supports or insoluble reagents. To the surface chemist the state of the art is exemplified by listing adsorbents such as silica as though all silicas are the same. I t can be seen, too, that there are many basic difficulties such as the retention of activity and selectivity upon anchoring the agent to the support. Much remains to be done but a start has been made. A. C. ZETTLEMOYER
Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 Adsorptive B u b b l e S e p a r a t i o n T e c h n i q u e s . Edited by ]~,OBERT LEMLICtI, Academic Press, New York, 1972. 331 pp. $17.50. This book is a collection of 20 chapters, each written by a specialist in a particular area of adsorptive bubble separation technique. Each chapter contains sufficient background references to enable the more interested reader to gain an indepth knowledge of any particular technique of interest. The first eight chapters are devoted to the principles and theories, together with numerous experimental examples, of foam fractionation, ion flotation, precipitate flotation, mineral flotation, bubble fraetionation and solvent sublation. De Vries and Lemlich briefly des eribe the theories and properties of foams. The chapters on ion flotation and solvent sublation describe relatively new techniques of separation which, as yet, have not been fully exploited. Solvent sublation, in partieular, is shown in some examples to have distinct advantages over the usual liquid-liquid extraction processes. Six chapters summarise the results of numerous separations involving macroscopic and colloidal particles, proteins, dyes, microorganisms, various organic and inorganic ions, and domestic and industrial wastes. Three short chapters by Grieves and co-workers present very condensed results of experimental separations of various surfactants, ions, bacteria and particulate matter. The separaration of enzymes, proteins, microorganisms and treatment of waste-waters will be of interest to
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vo]. 41, No. 1, October 1972
184
BOOK REVIEWS
biochemists, microbiologists and sanitary engineers. The remaining chapters deal with research investigations that are currently being carried out at centers in different countries. They will be of value to workers interested in current research projects, systems and techniques. The treatment of radioactive wastes in France and the United States is discussed. This book, Mthough a compilation of works by 15 different contributors, has very little overlap
of detail, and as a whole constitutes a comprehensive and readable text of the subject. It will be of value to scientists, engineers and te~achers in many different disciplines, who are interested in various problems involving the separation of substances.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 41, No. 1, October 1972
~¥[. C. WILKINSON
Chemical Def ence Establishment Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, England
VAN
OLPIIEN
National Academy of Sciences Washington, D.C. B i o c h e m i c a l Aspects o f R e a c t i o n s on Solid Supports. Edited by GEORGE t~. STARK, Academic Press, 1971. 233 pp. $13.50. Starting in the early 1960's, the impact of the use of solid supports in biochemistry has steadily grown. A variety of ways of attaching enzymes to particles have been investigated to develop heterogeneous catalysts and to prepare artificial enzyme membranes. Difficult separations and purifications have been simplified by employing interac-
183
tions with solid supports. This rapidly developing field is revolutionizing biochemistry and will have an impact on other areas of chemistry as well. This book sets forth the present state of the art. I t is particularly useful for anyone who wishes to enter the field. There are five chapters on the following topics : Water-insoluble enzyme derivatives and artificial enzyme membranes; selective adsorbents based on biochemical specificity; solid phase synthesis: The use of solid supports and insoluble reagents in peptide synthesis; sequential degradation of peptides using solid supports; preparation of cross-linked Polystyrenes and their derivatives for use as solid supports or insoluble reagents. To the surface chemist the state of the art is exemplified by listing adsorbents such as silica as though all silicas are the same. I t can be seen, too, that there are many basic difficulties such as the retention of activity and selectivity upon anchoring the agent to the support. Much remains to be done but a start has been made. A. C. ZETTLEMOYER
Lehigh University Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 Adsorptive B u b b l e S e p a r a t i o n T e c h n i q u e s . Edited by ]~,OBERT LEMLICtI, Academic Press, New York, 1972. 331 pp. $17.50. This book is a collection of 20 chapters, each written by a specialist in a particular area of adsorptive bubble separation technique. Each chapter contains sufficient background references to enable the more interested reader to gain an indepth knowledge of any particular technique of interest. The first eight chapters are devoted to the principles and theories, together with numerous experimental examples, of foam fractionation, ion flotation, precipitate flotation, mineral flotation, bubble fraetionation and solvent sublation. De Vries and Lemlich briefly des eribe the theories and properties of foams. The chapters on ion flotation and solvent sublation describe relatively new techniques of separation which, as yet, have not been fully exploited. Solvent sublation, in partieular, is shown in some examples to have distinct advantages over the usual liquid-liquid extraction processes. Six chapters summarise the results of numerous separations involving macroscopic and colloidal particles, proteins, dyes, microorganisms, various organic and inorganic ions, and domestic and industrial wastes. Three short chapters by Grieves and co-workers present very condensed results of experimental separations of various surfactants, ions, bacteria and particulate matter. The separaration of enzymes, proteins, microorganisms and treatment of waste-waters will be of interest to
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vo]. 41, No. 1, October 1972
184
BOOK REVIEWS
biochemists, microbiologists and sanitary engineers. The remaining chapters deal with research investigations that are currently being carried out at centers in different countries. They will be of value to workers interested in current research projects, systems and techniques. The treatment of radioactive wastes in France and the United States is discussed. This book, Mthough a compilation of works by 15 different contributors, has very little overlap
of detail, and as a whole constitutes a comprehensive and readable text of the subject. It will be of value to scientists, engineers and te~achers in many different disciplines, who are interested in various problems involving the separation of substances.
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 41, No. 1, October 1972
~¥[. C. WILKINSON
Chemical Def ence Establishment Porton Down, Salisbury, Wilts, England