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Advanced techniques for rapidly placing concrete linings in tunnels and shafts
13A
821107 R0CKBURST PHENOMENA IN THE GOLD MINES OF THE WITWATERSRAND: A REVIEW Curtis, J F Trans Inst Min Metall (Sect A MAn Ird), VgO, Oct 1981, PAI63-AI76, discussion PA212-A213 Examines the nature and causes of 5 types of rockburst found in the Witwatersramd, South Africa, based on past observations o The excavation geometries associated with these are (i) locally stressed tunnels, (2) regionally stressed tu..nnels, (3) p i l l a r s , (~.) slots, and (5) caverns. Concludes from this evidence that rockburst is synor~mous with elastic failure, the energy released is elastic strain energy, and the different types of rockburet reflect the geometry of the excavation involved. A critical review by ~r M D G Salamon is also included in the issue. 89 refs. 821108 SOME CONSTRAINTS ON LEVELS OF SHEAR STRESS IN THE CRUST FROM OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY McGarr, A J Geophys Res, V85, NBll, i0 Nov 1980, P6231-6238 Reviews in sltu stress determinations in North America, southern Africa and Australia which indicate that on average the maximum shear stress increases linearly with depth to at least 5.1km measured in soft rock such as shale and sandstone, and to 3.Tkm in hard rock such as granite and quartzite. Gives an analysis to permlt extrapolation to greater depths. 821109 INFLUENCE OF ROOF CONTROL METHODS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF P ~ S OF OUTBURST RISK (IN POLISH ) Fenc, W Przegl Gorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1960, P585-590 Uses the gas desorption parameter as a measure a~d investigates seams in which caving and pneumatic stowing were used. 821110 RELIEF SLOT AND CAVITY PLAC~4ENT TO PREVENT OL'I'BIJRSTIN MECHANISED HEADINGS (IN RUSSIAN) Kovalev, A P Shakhtnoe Stroit, N12, Dec 1980, P17-20 Describes the use of a special long boom heading machine to combine relief slotting with the heading operation.
Surface subsidence and caving See also: 821173 821111 PRACTICALITY AND SOPHISTICATION IN SUBSIDENCE MODELING FOR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS Dershowitz, W; Miller, I Proc 22nd US Symposimn on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 June-2 July 1981, P131-136. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1981 The need to l~edlct possible subsidence due to extraction of geothermal fluids is emphasised. The paper describes work carried out to evaluate available models to do this. These models are outlined and assessed for sample Iroblems. Three case studies are outlined: Walrakei, New Zealand, The Geysers, California and Austin Bayou, Texas, to assess the capability of several models. Concludes that further theoretical development of reservoir flow models is needed, but that current deformation models seem adequate.
Temp.rary and pcrma.eut supports 821112 M O ~ m S OF n ~ O I N G ~ C H ~ R T S IN R O ~ A Y S S ~ ~ T~ DBE~ ~ OF W0~XNG (IN POLISH) Daniek, J Przegl Oorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1980, P577-58hA theoretical analysis of the loads which cause expansion at the Joints and subsequent yielding of arches. 821113 HIGH-EXPANSION ANHYDRITE BINDER SHOTCRETE IN MINES (IN POLISH) Janiezek, S Przegl Gorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1980, P596-598 82J11& EXma~2S OF EXTRA.ION OF SAFETY P r U ~ e S W ~ STOWING OF THE ROOF (IN POLISH) Labarg~icz, H 0chrona Tererg~v Garn, VI4, N52, 1980, P3-11 Gives 8 examples in different geological and mining comditions. 821115 E~PIRICAL METHOD OF SELECTING THE SUPPORT FOR CAVED FACES (IN POLISH) Biliraaki, A Arch Gorn, V25, N3, 1980, P321-34~ Presents theories used to calculate the support bearing capacity needed, arzl Polish work on a s~unplified method for selecting supports. Investigation in hard coal mines has shown that there is a relationship between the supportable width of unbroken roof and the support bearimg capacity. 821116 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR RAPIDLY PLACING CONCRETE LININGS IN TUNNELS AND SHAPTS Maser, K R Proc ~th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, Vl, P~49-~67. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Describes the development of three concrete lining systems by Foster-Miller Associates, Inc - (i) a remote automatic shotcrete shaft lining system, (2) an extruded tunnel lining system, and (3) a continuous shaft lining system. Concentrates on operational aspects of the systems. 821117 FIRST AUTOMATIC SHOTCRETE TECHNIQUE Valencia, F E; Pye, J H; Breeds, C D Proc 5th RaPid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, Vl, I~8-~81. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Traces the development and modification of the First Automatic Shotcrete Technique (FAST) system of shaft lining. The operation of the FAST system on site is described - preconstruction testing, materials harzlling and conveyancirg, tel~netric amd video monitoring, placement of shotcrete and quality control. The control of several systems functions are outlined. The system can shotcrete shafts of 2o75-~.9m diameter. 821118 MONOLITHICALLY PLACED TUNNEL LINING. A CASE HISTORY Garbesi, V A Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, P482-~97. Publ New York: AIME, 1981
821107 R0CKBURST PHENOMENA IN THE GOLD MINES OF THE WITWATERSRAND: A REVIEW Curtis, J F Trans Inst Min Metall (Sect A MAn Ird), VgO, Oct 1981, PAI63-AI76, discussion PA212-A213 Examines the nature and causes of 5 types of rockburst found in the Witwatersramd, South Africa, based on past observations o The excavation geometries associated with these are (i) locally stressed tunnels, (2) regionally stressed tu..nnels, (3) p i l l a r s , (~.) slots, and (5) caverns. Concludes from this evidence that rockburst is synor~mous with elastic failure, the energy released is elastic strain energy, and the different types of rockburet reflect the geometry of the excavation involved. A critical review by ~r M D G Salamon is also included in the issue. 89 refs. 821108 SOME CONSTRAINTS ON LEVELS OF SHEAR STRESS IN THE CRUST FROM OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY McGarr, A J Geophys Res, V85, NBll, i0 Nov 1980, P6231-6238 Reviews in sltu stress determinations in North America, southern Africa and Australia which indicate that on average the maximum shear stress increases linearly with depth to at least 5.1km measured in soft rock such as shale and sandstone, and to 3.Tkm in hard rock such as granite and quartzite. Gives an analysis to permlt extrapolation to greater depths. 821109 INFLUENCE OF ROOF CONTROL METHODS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF P ~ S OF OUTBURST RISK (IN POLISH ) Fenc, W Przegl Gorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1960, P585-590 Uses the gas desorption parameter as a measure a~d investigates seams in which caving and pneumatic stowing were used. 821110 RELIEF SLOT AND CAVITY PLAC~4ENT TO PREVENT OL'I'BIJRSTIN MECHANISED HEADINGS (IN RUSSIAN) Kovalev, A P Shakhtnoe Stroit, N12, Dec 1980, P17-20 Describes the use of a special long boom heading machine to combine relief slotting with the heading operation.
Surface subsidence and caving See also: 821173 821111 PRACTICALITY AND SOPHISTICATION IN SUBSIDENCE MODELING FOR GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS Dershowitz, W; Miller, I Proc 22nd US Symposimn on Rock Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass, 29 June-2 July 1981, P131-136. Publ Cambridge, Mass: MIT, 1981 The need to l~edlct possible subsidence due to extraction of geothermal fluids is emphasised. The paper describes work carried out to evaluate available models to do this. These models are outlined and assessed for sample Iroblems. Three case studies are outlined: Walrakei, New Zealand, The Geysers, California and Austin Bayou, Texas, to assess the capability of several models. Concludes that further theoretical development of reservoir flow models is needed, but that current deformation models seem adequate.
Temp.rary and pcrma.eut supports 821112 M O ~ m S OF n ~ O I N G ~ C H ~ R T S IN R O ~ A Y S S ~ ~ T~ DBE~ ~ OF W0~XNG (IN POLISH) Daniek, J Przegl Oorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1980, P577-58hA theoretical analysis of the loads which cause expansion at the Joints and subsequent yielding of arches. 821113 HIGH-EXPANSION ANHYDRITE BINDER SHOTCRETE IN MINES (IN POLISH) Janiezek, S Przegl Gorn, V36, NI2, Dec 1980, P596-598 82J11& EXma~2S OF EXTRA.ION OF SAFETY P r U ~ e S W ~ STOWING OF THE ROOF (IN POLISH) Labarg~icz, H 0chrona Tererg~v Garn, VI4, N52, 1980, P3-11 Gives 8 examples in different geological and mining comditions. 821115 E~PIRICAL METHOD OF SELECTING THE SUPPORT FOR CAVED FACES (IN POLISH) Biliraaki, A Arch Gorn, V25, N3, 1980, P321-34~ Presents theories used to calculate the support bearing capacity needed, arzl Polish work on a s~unplified method for selecting supports. Investigation in hard coal mines has shown that there is a relationship between the supportable width of unbroken roof and the support bearimg capacity. 821116 ADVANCED TECHNIQUES FOR RAPIDLY PLACING CONCRETE LININGS IN TUNNELS AND SHAPTS Maser, K R Proc ~th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, Vl, P~49-~67. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Describes the development of three concrete lining systems by Foster-Miller Associates, Inc - (i) a remote automatic shotcrete shaft lining system, (2) an extruded tunnel lining system, and (3) a continuous shaft lining system. Concentrates on operational aspects of the systems. 821117 FIRST AUTOMATIC SHOTCRETE TECHNIQUE Valencia, F E; Pye, J H; Breeds, C D Proc 5th RaPid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, Vl, I~8-~81. Publ New York: AIME, 1981 Traces the development and modification of the First Automatic Shotcrete Technique (FAST) system of shaft lining. The operation of the FAST system on site is described - preconstruction testing, materials harzlling and conveyancirg, tel~netric amd video monitoring, placement of shotcrete and quality control. The control of several systems functions are outlined. The system can shotcrete shafts of 2o75-~.9m diameter. 821118 MONOLITHICALLY PLACED TUNNEL LINING. A CASE HISTORY Garbesi, V A Proc 5th Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference, San Francisco, 3-7 May 1981, V1, P482-~97. Publ New York: AIME, 1981