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Advances in Microcirculation
VOL. 69, NO. 2
BOOK REVIEWS
ment of laryngotracheal trauma, and im mediate jaw repair). Ophthalmology is represented by Byron Smith and our professional cousin, John M. Converse. Specific sections devoted to oph thalmic considerations seem dispropor tionately small, and Dr. Smith comes through most helpfully in the round table questions and answers reported at the end of the various parts. Many basic principles of bone and soft-tissue repair techniques are well emphasized in review steps which the average bulbar surgeon may not fully observe because of his infrequent involvement in re pair of extensive facial trauma. The volume is well illustrated with both diagrams and photographs, though a large percentage of those other than in the Vietnam pages are familiar from other publications in the field. The volume is a valuable survey for all oph thalmologists interested in orbital trauma and certainly should be included in the libraries of all ophthalmic institutions. This is the first of a currently projected series of six or seven volumes to come from symposia developed by the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Vol ume 2, covering head and neck carcinoma, is now in press and should be a companion to this publication. The third symposium is now scheduled and will cover the hand. Fur ther symposia will probably be addressed to burns and cosmetic surgery. Arthur H. Keeney
ADVANCES IN MICROCIRCULATION, Vol.
2.
Edited by H. Härders. Basel, S. Karger AG, 1969. Clothbound, 103 pages, 59 figures, three tables. Price : $7.80. This second volume of a series of mono graphs covering recent advances in microcir culation presents contributions from many disciplines involved in some aspect of microcirculation. Therefore, the subject material is quite varied, both in content and in possi
317
ble importance for those interested in ocular microcirculation. Krahl discusses evidence supporting the notion that the basic etiologic factor in hya line membrane disease of the newborn is an inadequate perfusion of pulmonary alveolar capillaries secondary to construction of the precapillary arterioles. Histopathologic find ings and experimental data are presented which support the author's in this view. Castenholz describes the application of microkymography in microcirculatory investi gations. This is a microphotographie tech nique suitable for the registration and quan titative evaluation of many kinds of dynamic processes observed with the microscope. It may be useful, therefore, for observing movements of contractile vascular structures, qualitative and quantitative changes of blood flow, and processes of permeability. The early microvascular reactions of slow and rapid thawing of frozen tissue are re ported by Albrektsson and Branemark. Rapid thawing of frozen tissues is better than slow thawing, because with slow thaw ing there is a deleterious prolongation of the frozen state in deeper tissue layers. Only damage to the superficial tissue layers occurs with rapid thawing. It was concluded that, with regard to the microcirculation, no ob jection could be raised against the use of rapid thawing after frostbite. The circulatory and microcirculatory ef fects of fulvine on the liver of rats is de scribed by Rappaport and co-workers. This drug produces an occlusive disease of the he patic veins. Bugliarello and Sevilla describe the char acteristics of the peripheral plasma layer of human blood of varying hematocrits flowing through hollow glass fibers 40 to 70 mm in diameter. Neither frequency nor wall shear stress were found to affect appreciably the peripheral plasma layer characteristics, the only major influence being that of hematocrit. The shear dependent behavior of blood vis cosity was studied by Chien and attributed to
318
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
two main factors : erythrocvte aggregation and erythrocyte deformation. A comparison of the data obtained on normal and splenectomized dogs suggested that rhéologie fac tors affect not only flow resistance but also transcapillary fluid shift. This book will be of interest only to those ophthalmologists actively engaged in microcirculation research. Even at that, there prob ably will be only a few topics applicable to most areas of circulatory research involved in ophthalmology. Alex E. Krill
FEBRUARY, 1970
text is small enough to encourage anyone who might be interested in the subject, or who was in need of guidance in handling ocular problems of patients in the general practice of medicine, to spend a few hours with it. It is a simple and dogmatic expres sion of the author's views and represents an easy path for the beginner in ophthalmology. Irving H. Leopold
OPHTHALMOLOGY. MEDICAL EXAMINATION-
REVIEW BOOK, Vol. 15, second edition.
Edited by Charles I. Thomas. Flushing, New York, Medical Examination Publish ing Co., 1969. Paperbound, 334 pages, 2935 T H E E Y E IN GENERAL PRACTICE. By C. R. S. questions and answers. Price: $9.00. Jackson. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, The editor of this compilation of ques 1969. Clothbound, 174 pages, index, glos tions, answers, and references is well aware sary, 44 figures in black and white. Price: that there are no shortcuts to the process of $7.75. learning. The material presented is not de In 1957, Doctor C. R. S. Jackson at signed to provide the reader with an oppor tempted to describe some of the more com tunity to escape learning basic information mon conditions which are found in the eye that can only be obtained from textbooks or and to demonstrate many ways in which the experience. The purpose of the text is to eye may reveal disease in other organ sys help the reader to detect areas of weakness tems, or in which generalized disease may manifest itself in the eye. He did not intend in his understanding of the subject matter; to produce a complete textbook of ophthal so armed, he may return to the text for a mology. The author selected the disease enti more comprehensive review of the subject. ties that the general practitioner can recog There is no doubt that the author does pro nize with the type of equipment he has avail vide an interesting challenge to the student. It takes time to study this text and it is able, especially the practitioner who might be questionable whether or not the time might working some distance from a town with an be spent more profitably reading the refer eye specialist. ences rather than the questions. Each ques The purpose of the text is to guide the tion is referenced, so the reader can return general practitioner in deciding which cases to the source to understand the question as require specialized treatment and which do well as the desired answer. It is difficult to not require consultation. The text is ar devise questions that test a student's knowl ranged to help the practitioner interpret re edge in a particular area. The majority of ports from the ocular specialist. the questions presented in this text seem to It is always difficult to decide what repre evaluate the student's memory, rather than sents core material in the training of the his ability to utilize the knowledge he has ac general practitioner or the resident. Very quired for tackling new problems. often the ophthalmologist feels that the med Various types of multiple-choice questions ical student needs less of this information are presented. The individual who scores than the general practitioner demands from well in this examination certainly should feel his experience. secure that he has a vast fund of informaDoctor Jackson has selected carefully. The
BOOK REVIEWS
ment of laryngotracheal trauma, and im mediate jaw repair). Ophthalmology is represented by Byron Smith and our professional cousin, John M. Converse. Specific sections devoted to oph thalmic considerations seem dispropor tionately small, and Dr. Smith comes through most helpfully in the round table questions and answers reported at the end of the various parts. Many basic principles of bone and soft-tissue repair techniques are well emphasized in review steps which the average bulbar surgeon may not fully observe because of his infrequent involvement in re pair of extensive facial trauma. The volume is well illustrated with both diagrams and photographs, though a large percentage of those other than in the Vietnam pages are familiar from other publications in the field. The volume is a valuable survey for all oph thalmologists interested in orbital trauma and certainly should be included in the libraries of all ophthalmic institutions. This is the first of a currently projected series of six or seven volumes to come from symposia developed by the Educational Foundation of the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. Vol ume 2, covering head and neck carcinoma, is now in press and should be a companion to this publication. The third symposium is now scheduled and will cover the hand. Fur ther symposia will probably be addressed to burns and cosmetic surgery. Arthur H. Keeney
ADVANCES IN MICROCIRCULATION, Vol.
2.
Edited by H. Härders. Basel, S. Karger AG, 1969. Clothbound, 103 pages, 59 figures, three tables. Price : $7.80. This second volume of a series of mono graphs covering recent advances in microcir culation presents contributions from many disciplines involved in some aspect of microcirculation. Therefore, the subject material is quite varied, both in content and in possi
317
ble importance for those interested in ocular microcirculation. Krahl discusses evidence supporting the notion that the basic etiologic factor in hya line membrane disease of the newborn is an inadequate perfusion of pulmonary alveolar capillaries secondary to construction of the precapillary arterioles. Histopathologic find ings and experimental data are presented which support the author's in this view. Castenholz describes the application of microkymography in microcirculatory investi gations. This is a microphotographie tech nique suitable for the registration and quan titative evaluation of many kinds of dynamic processes observed with the microscope. It may be useful, therefore, for observing movements of contractile vascular structures, qualitative and quantitative changes of blood flow, and processes of permeability. The early microvascular reactions of slow and rapid thawing of frozen tissue are re ported by Albrektsson and Branemark. Rapid thawing of frozen tissues is better than slow thawing, because with slow thaw ing there is a deleterious prolongation of the frozen state in deeper tissue layers. Only damage to the superficial tissue layers occurs with rapid thawing. It was concluded that, with regard to the microcirculation, no ob jection could be raised against the use of rapid thawing after frostbite. The circulatory and microcirculatory ef fects of fulvine on the liver of rats is de scribed by Rappaport and co-workers. This drug produces an occlusive disease of the he patic veins. Bugliarello and Sevilla describe the char acteristics of the peripheral plasma layer of human blood of varying hematocrits flowing through hollow glass fibers 40 to 70 mm in diameter. Neither frequency nor wall shear stress were found to affect appreciably the peripheral plasma layer characteristics, the only major influence being that of hematocrit. The shear dependent behavior of blood vis cosity was studied by Chien and attributed to
318
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
two main factors : erythrocvte aggregation and erythrocyte deformation. A comparison of the data obtained on normal and splenectomized dogs suggested that rhéologie fac tors affect not only flow resistance but also transcapillary fluid shift. This book will be of interest only to those ophthalmologists actively engaged in microcirculation research. Even at that, there prob ably will be only a few topics applicable to most areas of circulatory research involved in ophthalmology. Alex E. Krill
FEBRUARY, 1970
text is small enough to encourage anyone who might be interested in the subject, or who was in need of guidance in handling ocular problems of patients in the general practice of medicine, to spend a few hours with it. It is a simple and dogmatic expres sion of the author's views and represents an easy path for the beginner in ophthalmology. Irving H. Leopold
OPHTHALMOLOGY. MEDICAL EXAMINATION-
REVIEW BOOK, Vol. 15, second edition.
Edited by Charles I. Thomas. Flushing, New York, Medical Examination Publish ing Co., 1969. Paperbound, 334 pages, 2935 T H E E Y E IN GENERAL PRACTICE. By C. R. S. questions and answers. Price: $9.00. Jackson. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, The editor of this compilation of ques 1969. Clothbound, 174 pages, index, glos tions, answers, and references is well aware sary, 44 figures in black and white. Price: that there are no shortcuts to the process of $7.75. learning. The material presented is not de In 1957, Doctor C. R. S. Jackson at signed to provide the reader with an oppor tempted to describe some of the more com tunity to escape learning basic information mon conditions which are found in the eye that can only be obtained from textbooks or and to demonstrate many ways in which the experience. The purpose of the text is to eye may reveal disease in other organ sys help the reader to detect areas of weakness tems, or in which generalized disease may manifest itself in the eye. He did not intend in his understanding of the subject matter; to produce a complete textbook of ophthal so armed, he may return to the text for a mology. The author selected the disease enti more comprehensive review of the subject. ties that the general practitioner can recog There is no doubt that the author does pro nize with the type of equipment he has avail vide an interesting challenge to the student. It takes time to study this text and it is able, especially the practitioner who might be questionable whether or not the time might working some distance from a town with an be spent more profitably reading the refer eye specialist. ences rather than the questions. Each ques The purpose of the text is to guide the tion is referenced, so the reader can return general practitioner in deciding which cases to the source to understand the question as require specialized treatment and which do well as the desired answer. It is difficult to not require consultation. The text is ar devise questions that test a student's knowl ranged to help the practitioner interpret re edge in a particular area. The majority of ports from the ocular specialist. the questions presented in this text seem to It is always difficult to decide what repre evaluate the student's memory, rather than sents core material in the training of the his ability to utilize the knowledge he has ac general practitioner or the resident. Very quired for tackling new problems. often the ophthalmologist feels that the med Various types of multiple-choice questions ical student needs less of this information are presented. The individual who scores than the general practitioner demands from well in this examination certainly should feel his experience. secure that he has a vast fund of informaDoctor Jackson has selected carefully. The