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Aging Deteriorates Abnormal Feeding Behavior in Mice Exposed to Psychological Stress
AGA Abstracts
Nutrients and dietary servings in Crohn's disease patients in remission (n=40)
Fig.1 Changes of LC3-II/I protein levels in the liver of young and aged mice following 30% diet. ## p < 0.01, vs. 30% diet group in young mice at each time point (N = 5-7).
* Dietary Reference Intake, ** Using Canada Food Guide as a reference (Fruits and vegetables recommended intake is 8-10 svg/d for males and 7-8 svg/d for females; Fish recommended intake is 2 svg/w for both males and females)
Fig.2 Electron microscopic features of autolysosomes in hepatocytes of young and aged mice following 30% diet. ↑: Autolysosome, Bar = 0.8 µm.
Tu1944 DIETARY INTAKE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE IN REMISSION: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE Abdulelah A. Almutairdi, Raylene Reimer, Karen Madsen, Subrata Ghosh, Remo Panaccione, Mahzabin Ferdous, Maitreyi Raman Introduction: Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD) suffer from malnutrition which may include macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. The dietary habits of these patients have not been well documented. Objectives: To describe the (a) macronutrient and micronutrient intake and (b) dietary servings of red meat, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables and probiotics containing food in consecutive patients with CD in a cohort of patients with CD in remission from a single tertiary care center. Methods: Adult CD patients in endoscopic and clinical remission with ileal or ileocolonic disease were recruited prospectively. Patients completed a detailed 3-day food diary, which was reviewed and clarified with the patient by study dietician. Nutrient analysis was completed using a nutrition analysis software program. Research ethics board approval and patient informed consent was obtained. Results: Forty patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively recruited (17 males, 23 females). The mean intake of nutrients, and comparison with dietary reference intakes (DRI's) for healthy populations, servings of meat, fruit and vegetables, and dietary probiotic was calculated for each gender. Both males and females did not meet the DRI's for total calories, carbohydrates, fat and fiber with a DRI percentage of 69% and 67% of total calories, 59% and 60% of carbohydrates, 87% and 82% of fat and 48% and 54% of fiber for males and females, respectively. Protein mean intake was high in our study population. Men consumed 167% of their protein DRI while women consumed 140% of their protein DRI. Apart from vitamins D, E, K and folate, the mean intake of the remaining vitamins was close to the DRI for both males and females. Vitamin D mean intake was the lowest among the vitamins, with patients consuming less than 20% of the DRI for both males and females. Iron, copper and selenium mean intake in both males and females was close or above the DRI while calcium, magnesium and potassium mean intake was less than the DRI. Sodium mean intake was high, representing 150% of the DRI in males and 130% of the DRI in females. Servings of fruits and vegetables per day was low, less than 50% of the recommended daily servings as per the Canada food guide (CFG) in our study population, (44-50% of DRI) in females compared to (29-36%) in males. The mean intake of weekly fish servings was low in both males and females compared to the CFG recommendations. No study patients ingested probiotic-containing foods. Conclusion: Even amongst patients in clinical and endoscopic remission, patients with Crohn's disease have inadequate dietary intake and decreased dietary diversity. The impact on the natural history of disease is unknown. However, dietary counseling and support might help in this patient population.
Tu1945 AGING DETERIORATES ABNORMAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN MICE EXPOSED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS Chihiro Yamada, Sachiko Mogami, Tomohisa Hattori Background: Appetite is an extremely complex and delicate system. It has been well-known that exposure to stress leads to hypophagia or hyperphagia depending on its quality and strength. Stress-induced hyperphagia is a global concern as it can lead to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Elderly persons following exposure to stress may react in a different way compared to younger persons. Additionally, both meal consumption and the feeding behavior should be considered to evaluate the effect on appetite. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the feeding behavior microstructure in aged mice exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS). Methods: To analyze the 24-h monitored feeding behavior microstructure, we used male C57BL/6J mice (young mice; 8weeks old, aged mice; ^24 month old) bred in a highly accurate food consumption measuring device, cFDM-300ASH. We also manually measured food consumption by analyzing the difference between the food weights before and after the feeding periods at each time interval. WAS was induced by placing mouse for 1 h on an installed water avoiding platform in the center of a water-filled container. Immediately after the stress exposure, mice were back into the device, we monitored the feeding behavior, such as Meal and Feeding Bout (the minimum meal criteria were at least a 0.01g change in weight of chow followed by at least 5 second of no change) parameters, for 24 h from the onset of the dark period. Results: The food intake determined by manual methods and the 24-h Meal amounts in all groups were unchanged; however, in young mice exposed to stress, 0-3 h Meal frequencies were significantly reduced, and both the average Meal times and average Feeding Bout times were longer than in young control mice. In aged control mice, 24-h Feeding Bout amounts were significantly reduced, and 24-h Feeding Bout frequencies were elevated, compared to young control mice. Interestingly, the Meal amounts (3-6 h) and Feeding Bout frequencies (0-6 h) in aged mice exposed to stress were significantly higher than in aged control mice (Fig. 1, 2), although average Meal size was unchanged and average Feeding Bout times and average Bout amounts showed a lower or a tendency to be reduced in stress-exposed aged mice than in aged control mice. Conclusion: The young mice began
S-1015
AGA Abstracts
the two groups coefficient= -0.25, P: 0.7 adjusting for age, gender and physical activity. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of hypertension (odd ratio OR 0.8, 95% confident interval CI: 0.5 - 1.27, P: 0.35) after adjusting for age and gender. The incidence of CHD in the gluten free diet group was 8.6% compared to 8.1% in the general population. This difference was not statistically significant OR: 1.32, (95% CI: 0.63 - 2.77, P: 0.47) adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. There was also no significant difference in the incidence of stroke OR: 1.31, (95% CI: 0.46 - 3.73, P: 0.61). The incidence of diabetes was similar between the gluten free diet group and the general population (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.69 - 2.3, P: 0.45) controlling for age and gender. There was no significant difference in the total cholesterol level between the two groups coefficient= -0.31, P: 0.9. CONCLUSION: Gluten free diet did not decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension or diabetes.
AGA Abstracts
to eat small amount of food over a long period of time immediately after stress exposure, leading to tended decrease Meal amounts. In contrast, the acute increase of food intake in aged mice exposed to stress is due to the higher Feeding frequencies than that in aged control mice. Thus, it may partially explain the feeding behavior of overeating due to stress in elderly humans.
Fig. 1 The Meal amounts in young and aged mice exposed to stress, n=7-8, *; P<0.05 vs. control mice.
Forest Plot : The correlation between Gluten free diet and the incidence of Diabetes, HTN, CHD and Stroke.
Tu1948 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY AS PART OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR WEIGHT REGAIN FOLLOWING ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS Austin L. Chiang, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson
Fig. 2 The Feeding Bout frequencies in young and aged mice exposed to stress, n=7-8, *, ***; P<0.05, 0.001 vs. control mice.
Background: Wearable technology in recent years has seen applications in fitness and activity tracking. Existing literature suggests limited benefit with such devices (together with lifestyle modification) over self-monitoring in young, overweight adults up to 24 months. Longterm effects beyond this follow-up period have yet to be studied. The effect of wearable activity trackers on weight loss after endoscopic revision for failed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains unclear. Aim: To determine the effect of a wearable device tracking physical activity in conjunction with advised daily minimum exercise on weight loss in failed RYGB, as part of a multidisciplinary plan of care including endoscopic revision. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 287 individuals who underwent endoscopic repair of failed RYGB as part of a multidisciplinary program was performed. Patients who were recommended a wearable device used to track physical activity with an advised daily minimum of 8000 steps were compared to those who were not provided these recommendations. The primary outcome was percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL). Significant differences in the primary outcome were assessed using a two-sample t-test. Linear regression was employed to perform multivariate analysis, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, presence of lower extremity arthropathy, history of joint repair, pre-gastric bypass weight, time since gastric bypass, pre- and post-revision anastomosis diameter, and pre-revision gastric pouch size. Comparisons were made at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-endoscopic revision. Results: Of 287 post-RYGB patients who underwent endoscopic revision, 27 were recommended wearable technology to track a minimum advised 8000 steps per day. No statistically significant difference was detected on univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in %TBWL at 2 years favoring those who were recommended the wearable device versus those were not (β=-0.106, p=0.0304), after adjusting for known confounders. No statistically significant difference between the comparison groups was noted at earlier time points. Conclusion: Supplemental weight loss may be achieved with wearable technology as part of a multidisciplinary program in patients who have weight regain after RYGB. The delayed effect observed with these devices may be a result of increased mobility provided with weight loss over time. Moreover, the delayed effect may forecast further weight loss beyond 2 years. Further study should be performed in this population to assess this potential long-term weight loss and the magnitude of this effect achieved using this technology. Table 1: Summary of Patient Characteristics
Tu1946 THE PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETARIAN IN THE UNITED STATES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY Hyunseok Kim, Laura Rotundo, David Song, Michael Demyen, Sushil Ahlawat Background: The vegetarian diet is one of the most popular diets in the U.S., in part due to the public belief that it is healthier. However, there are few epidemiological studies that investigate the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarians in the U.S. Thus, we aim to describe the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarians using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: In the NHANES 2007-2010, there were 11,592 people (age≥20) who answered the medical question (DBQ915: "Do you consider yourself to be a vegetarian?"). A participant was defined as a vegetarian if answered ‘Yes' to the question. We compared vegetarians to the general population using surveyweighted generalized logistic regression in the selected variables, including demographics (age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol intake, poverty index, monthly grocery cost, total calorie intake), chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, osteoporosis, depression, sleep disorder), physical exam (BMI, waist circumference, bone mineral density), and biochemical lab values (HbA1c, hemoglobin, folic acid, vitamin D, total cholesterol, TG, HDL). The American Heart Association's definition of metabolic syndrome and Framingham 10 year CVD risk score were utilized to summarize the overall risk of obesity and cardiovascular risk. For all analyses, we used appropriate published weights. Results: There were 263 self-identified vegetarians, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 2.3% [95%CI: 1.9-2.6]. Vegetarians tended to be young (aged 20-39), females, non-smokers, and non-heavy alcohol drinkers. Moreover, they were less likely to be obese (BMI 25.9 vs 28.7, p-value <0.001; waist circumference 89.8cm vs 98.0 cm, p-value <0.001), have hypertension (systolic BP 118.7mmHg vs 122.3mmHg, p-value<0.01; percentage of people on hypertension treatment 16.1% vs 22.3%, p-value<0.01), diabetes (7.1% vs 11.3%, p-value=0.01), and cancer (4.6% vs 9.5%, p-value= 0.02). Vegetarians also tended to have lower bone mineral density (0.98 gm/cm2 vs 1.04 gm/cm2, p-value<0.001) and hemoglobin (13.8 g/L vs 14.3 g/L, p-value<0.001), but higher folic acid levels (23.1ng/ml vs 19.3ng/ml, p-value<0.001). Vegetarians had significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (18.2% vs 30.4%, p-value <0.01), but no difference in Framingham CVD risk score. There was no significant difference in other demographic factors, medical conditions, physical exams and biochemical lab values. Conclusions: The prevalence of vegetarianism in U.S. adults was 2.3%, corresponding to 4.5 million. Vegetarians are more likely to be young, females, non-smokers or drinkers, with a lower BMI/waist circumference, hemoglobin, bone mineral density. Vegetarians overall have a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
Tu1947 GLUTEN FREE DIET AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS Mohammad Maysara Asfari, Tarek Sawas, Sulieman Abdal Raheem INTRODUCTION: Gluten free diet is the primary and essential management for celiac disease. However, this diet has gained more popularity recently among normal individuals under the assumption it helps losing weight and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between gluten free diet and coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke using the national health data. METHOD: We included patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANS) 2013-2014 with known gluten free diet status. We excluded patients who their gluten free diet status was unknown. Our primary outcome was the incidence of coronary heart disease. The secondary outcomes were stroke, hypertension, cholesterol level and diabetes. We used logistic regression and linear regression for the analysis using Stata 14.0 RESULTS: We analyzed the data for 8,572 participants of which 123 were on gluten free diet. Overall, the mean age at the survey time was 37± 22.72 years with 48.7 % male. The BMI was not significantly different between
AGA Abstracts
S-1016
Nutrients and dietary servings in Crohn's disease patients in remission (n=40)
Fig.1 Changes of LC3-II/I protein levels in the liver of young and aged mice following 30% diet. ## p < 0.01, vs. 30% diet group in young mice at each time point (N = 5-7).
* Dietary Reference Intake, ** Using Canada Food Guide as a reference (Fruits and vegetables recommended intake is 8-10 svg/d for males and 7-8 svg/d for females; Fish recommended intake is 2 svg/w for both males and females)
Fig.2 Electron microscopic features of autolysosomes in hepatocytes of young and aged mice following 30% diet. ↑: Autolysosome, Bar = 0.8 µm.
Tu1944 DIETARY INTAKE OF PATIENTS WITH CROHN'S DISEASE IN REMISSION: A SINGLE CENTER EXPERIENCE Abdulelah A. Almutairdi, Raylene Reimer, Karen Madsen, Subrata Ghosh, Remo Panaccione, Mahzabin Ferdous, Maitreyi Raman Introduction: Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), particularly Crohn's disease (CD) suffer from malnutrition which may include macronutrient and micronutrient deficiencies. The dietary habits of these patients have not been well documented. Objectives: To describe the (a) macronutrient and micronutrient intake and (b) dietary servings of red meat, poultry, fish, fruits, vegetables and probiotics containing food in consecutive patients with CD in a cohort of patients with CD in remission from a single tertiary care center. Methods: Adult CD patients in endoscopic and clinical remission with ileal or ileocolonic disease were recruited prospectively. Patients completed a detailed 3-day food diary, which was reviewed and clarified with the patient by study dietician. Nutrient analysis was completed using a nutrition analysis software program. Research ethics board approval and patient informed consent was obtained. Results: Forty patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were consecutively recruited (17 males, 23 females). The mean intake of nutrients, and comparison with dietary reference intakes (DRI's) for healthy populations, servings of meat, fruit and vegetables, and dietary probiotic was calculated for each gender. Both males and females did not meet the DRI's for total calories, carbohydrates, fat and fiber with a DRI percentage of 69% and 67% of total calories, 59% and 60% of carbohydrates, 87% and 82% of fat and 48% and 54% of fiber for males and females, respectively. Protein mean intake was high in our study population. Men consumed 167% of their protein DRI while women consumed 140% of their protein DRI. Apart from vitamins D, E, K and folate, the mean intake of the remaining vitamins was close to the DRI for both males and females. Vitamin D mean intake was the lowest among the vitamins, with patients consuming less than 20% of the DRI for both males and females. Iron, copper and selenium mean intake in both males and females was close or above the DRI while calcium, magnesium and potassium mean intake was less than the DRI. Sodium mean intake was high, representing 150% of the DRI in males and 130% of the DRI in females. Servings of fruits and vegetables per day was low, less than 50% of the recommended daily servings as per the Canada food guide (CFG) in our study population, (44-50% of DRI) in females compared to (29-36%) in males. The mean intake of weekly fish servings was low in both males and females compared to the CFG recommendations. No study patients ingested probiotic-containing foods. Conclusion: Even amongst patients in clinical and endoscopic remission, patients with Crohn's disease have inadequate dietary intake and decreased dietary diversity. The impact on the natural history of disease is unknown. However, dietary counseling and support might help in this patient population.
Tu1945 AGING DETERIORATES ABNORMAL FEEDING BEHAVIOR IN MICE EXPOSED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS Chihiro Yamada, Sachiko Mogami, Tomohisa Hattori Background: Appetite is an extremely complex and delicate system. It has been well-known that exposure to stress leads to hypophagia or hyperphagia depending on its quality and strength. Stress-induced hyperphagia is a global concern as it can lead to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes. Elderly persons following exposure to stress may react in a different way compared to younger persons. Additionally, both meal consumption and the feeding behavior should be considered to evaluate the effect on appetite. Therefore, in the current study, we analyzed the feeding behavior microstructure in aged mice exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS). Methods: To analyze the 24-h monitored feeding behavior microstructure, we used male C57BL/6J mice (young mice; 8weeks old, aged mice; ^24 month old) bred in a highly accurate food consumption measuring device, cFDM-300ASH. We also manually measured food consumption by analyzing the difference between the food weights before and after the feeding periods at each time interval. WAS was induced by placing mouse for 1 h on an installed water avoiding platform in the center of a water-filled container. Immediately after the stress exposure, mice were back into the device, we monitored the feeding behavior, such as Meal and Feeding Bout (the minimum meal criteria were at least a 0.01g change in weight of chow followed by at least 5 second of no change) parameters, for 24 h from the onset of the dark period. Results: The food intake determined by manual methods and the 24-h Meal amounts in all groups were unchanged; however, in young mice exposed to stress, 0-3 h Meal frequencies were significantly reduced, and both the average Meal times and average Feeding Bout times were longer than in young control mice. In aged control mice, 24-h Feeding Bout amounts were significantly reduced, and 24-h Feeding Bout frequencies were elevated, compared to young control mice. Interestingly, the Meal amounts (3-6 h) and Feeding Bout frequencies (0-6 h) in aged mice exposed to stress were significantly higher than in aged control mice (Fig. 1, 2), although average Meal size was unchanged and average Feeding Bout times and average Bout amounts showed a lower or a tendency to be reduced in stress-exposed aged mice than in aged control mice. Conclusion: The young mice began
S-1015
AGA Abstracts
the two groups coefficient= -0.25, P: 0.7 adjusting for age, gender and physical activity. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of hypertension (odd ratio OR 0.8, 95% confident interval CI: 0.5 - 1.27, P: 0.35) after adjusting for age and gender. The incidence of CHD in the gluten free diet group was 8.6% compared to 8.1% in the general population. This difference was not statistically significant OR: 1.32, (95% CI: 0.63 - 2.77, P: 0.47) adjusting for age, gender and smoking status. There was also no significant difference in the incidence of stroke OR: 1.31, (95% CI: 0.46 - 3.73, P: 0.61). The incidence of diabetes was similar between the gluten free diet group and the general population (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.69 - 2.3, P: 0.45) controlling for age and gender. There was no significant difference in the total cholesterol level between the two groups coefficient= -0.31, P: 0.9. CONCLUSION: Gluten free diet did not decrease the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension or diabetes.
AGA Abstracts
to eat small amount of food over a long period of time immediately after stress exposure, leading to tended decrease Meal amounts. In contrast, the acute increase of food intake in aged mice exposed to stress is due to the higher Feeding frequencies than that in aged control mice. Thus, it may partially explain the feeding behavior of overeating due to stress in elderly humans.
Fig. 1 The Meal amounts in young and aged mice exposed to stress, n=7-8, *; P<0.05 vs. control mice.
Forest Plot : The correlation between Gluten free diet and the incidence of Diabetes, HTN, CHD and Stroke.
Tu1948 POTENTIAL IMPACT OF WEARABLE TECHNOLOGY AS PART OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY TREATMENT STRATEGY FOR WEIGHT REGAIN FOLLOWING ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS Austin L. Chiang, Pichamol Jirapinyo, Christopher C. Thompson
Fig. 2 The Feeding Bout frequencies in young and aged mice exposed to stress, n=7-8, *, ***; P<0.05, 0.001 vs. control mice.
Background: Wearable technology in recent years has seen applications in fitness and activity tracking. Existing literature suggests limited benefit with such devices (together with lifestyle modification) over self-monitoring in young, overweight adults up to 24 months. Longterm effects beyond this follow-up period have yet to be studied. The effect of wearable activity trackers on weight loss after endoscopic revision for failed Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains unclear. Aim: To determine the effect of a wearable device tracking physical activity in conjunction with advised daily minimum exercise on weight loss in failed RYGB, as part of a multidisciplinary plan of care including endoscopic revision. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 287 individuals who underwent endoscopic repair of failed RYGB as part of a multidisciplinary program was performed. Patients who were recommended a wearable device used to track physical activity with an advised daily minimum of 8000 steps were compared to those who were not provided these recommendations. The primary outcome was percentage of total body weight loss (%TBWL). Significant differences in the primary outcome were assessed using a two-sample t-test. Linear regression was employed to perform multivariate analysis, adjusting for covariates including age, sex, presence of lower extremity arthropathy, history of joint repair, pre-gastric bypass weight, time since gastric bypass, pre- and post-revision anastomosis diameter, and pre-revision gastric pouch size. Comparisons were made at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years post-endoscopic revision. Results: Of 287 post-RYGB patients who underwent endoscopic revision, 27 were recommended wearable technology to track a minimum advised 8000 steps per day. No statistically significant difference was detected on univariate analysis. However, multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in %TBWL at 2 years favoring those who were recommended the wearable device versus those were not (β=-0.106, p=0.0304), after adjusting for known confounders. No statistically significant difference between the comparison groups was noted at earlier time points. Conclusion: Supplemental weight loss may be achieved with wearable technology as part of a multidisciplinary program in patients who have weight regain after RYGB. The delayed effect observed with these devices may be a result of increased mobility provided with weight loss over time. Moreover, the delayed effect may forecast further weight loss beyond 2 years. Further study should be performed in this population to assess this potential long-term weight loss and the magnitude of this effect achieved using this technology. Table 1: Summary of Patient Characteristics
Tu1946 THE PREVALENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETARIAN IN THE UNITED STATES: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY Hyunseok Kim, Laura Rotundo, David Song, Michael Demyen, Sushil Ahlawat Background: The vegetarian diet is one of the most popular diets in the U.S., in part due to the public belief that it is healthier. However, there are few epidemiological studies that investigate the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarians in the U.S. Thus, we aim to describe the prevalence and characteristics of vegetarians using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: In the NHANES 2007-2010, there were 11,592 people (age≥20) who answered the medical question (DBQ915: "Do you consider yourself to be a vegetarian?"). A participant was defined as a vegetarian if answered ‘Yes' to the question. We compared vegetarians to the general population using surveyweighted generalized logistic regression in the selected variables, including demographics (age, sex, race, education, smoking, alcohol intake, poverty index, monthly grocery cost, total calorie intake), chronic medical conditions (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer, osteoporosis, depression, sleep disorder), physical exam (BMI, waist circumference, bone mineral density), and biochemical lab values (HbA1c, hemoglobin, folic acid, vitamin D, total cholesterol, TG, HDL). The American Heart Association's definition of metabolic syndrome and Framingham 10 year CVD risk score were utilized to summarize the overall risk of obesity and cardiovascular risk. For all analyses, we used appropriate published weights. Results: There were 263 self-identified vegetarians, corresponding to a weighted prevalence of 2.3% [95%CI: 1.9-2.6]. Vegetarians tended to be young (aged 20-39), females, non-smokers, and non-heavy alcohol drinkers. Moreover, they were less likely to be obese (BMI 25.9 vs 28.7, p-value <0.001; waist circumference 89.8cm vs 98.0 cm, p-value <0.001), have hypertension (systolic BP 118.7mmHg vs 122.3mmHg, p-value<0.01; percentage of people on hypertension treatment 16.1% vs 22.3%, p-value<0.01), diabetes (7.1% vs 11.3%, p-value=0.01), and cancer (4.6% vs 9.5%, p-value= 0.02). Vegetarians also tended to have lower bone mineral density (0.98 gm/cm2 vs 1.04 gm/cm2, p-value<0.001) and hemoglobin (13.8 g/L vs 14.3 g/L, p-value<0.001), but higher folic acid levels (23.1ng/ml vs 19.3ng/ml, p-value<0.001). Vegetarians had significantly lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (18.2% vs 30.4%, p-value <0.01), but no difference in Framingham CVD risk score. There was no significant difference in other demographic factors, medical conditions, physical exams and biochemical lab values. Conclusions: The prevalence of vegetarianism in U.S. adults was 2.3%, corresponding to 4.5 million. Vegetarians are more likely to be young, females, non-smokers or drinkers, with a lower BMI/waist circumference, hemoglobin, bone mineral density. Vegetarians overall have a lower prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer.
Tu1947 GLUTEN FREE DIET AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS Mohammad Maysara Asfari, Tarek Sawas, Sulieman Abdal Raheem INTRODUCTION: Gluten free diet is the primary and essential management for celiac disease. However, this diet has gained more popularity recently among normal individuals under the assumption it helps losing weight and decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the association between gluten free diet and coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke using the national health data. METHOD: We included patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANS) 2013-2014 with known gluten free diet status. We excluded patients who their gluten free diet status was unknown. Our primary outcome was the incidence of coronary heart disease. The secondary outcomes were stroke, hypertension, cholesterol level and diabetes. We used logistic regression and linear regression for the analysis using Stata 14.0 RESULTS: We analyzed the data for 8,572 participants of which 123 were on gluten free diet. Overall, the mean age at the survey time was 37± 22.72 years with 48.7 % male. The BMI was not significantly different between
AGA Abstracts
S-1016