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ALLELE FREQUENCY EFFECT OF THE APOLIPOPRPTEIN E POLYMORPHISM ON THE LIPID LEVELS IN IRANIAN POPULATION: TEHRAN LIPID GLUCOSE STUDY
Publication Only Conclusions: Prior to surgery, morbidly obese persons with diabetes had lower levels of anti-oxidized LDL IgM antibodies than the non-diabetic patients. The increase in anti-oxidized LDL IgM antibodies after surgery was only significant in the morbidly obese patients who were diabetic.
smoking may contribute by more ways: an influence on oral hygiene and on endothelial dysfunction. Other relationships with TRF and other risk factors may be discussed. 153
151
EFFECT OF FAT OVERLOAD TEST IN THE PRO12ALA POLYMORPHYSM ON THE M-RNA EXPRESSION OF THE PPAR-GAMMA GENE IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
F. Cardona 1,2 , L. Garrido-Sanchez 2 , M. Macias-Gonzalez 1,2 , M. Queipo-Ortuño 1 , R. Bernal 2 , M. Murri 2,3 , M. Martin 1,2 , F. Tinahones 2,3 . 1 Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain; 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CB06/03. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 3 Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
152
ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK FACTORS AND DENTAL STATE IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRO-CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE FROM ROMANIA
I. Gutiu, L. Gutiu, A.-M. Georgescu. Dept.of Neurology, Military Emergencies Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Background and aims: In a cross-sectional study on the Romanian patients with cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) our aim was to analyze relationships between traditional risk factors (TRF) such as arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, new risk factors as inflammation markers (C reactive protein-CRP, serum level fibrinogen, blood sedimentation rate, leucocytosis), and dental state (appreciated by number missing tooth–MT). Methods: We prospectively collected data from 329 patients with CCVD: history of myocardial infarction (76-23%), angina pectoris (14143%), stroke (72-22%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (40-12%); mean age was 61,5±11,9 years, 183 were women (55%). Number of TM was 14,8±10.6 (from 0 to 32). We used for statistical analysis bivariate correlation, variance analysis and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate correlation noted for MT significant correlation coefficients “r”: age 0.472, p<0.0001, fibrinogen 0.140, p<0.001, CRP 0.274, p<0.0001, smoking 0.208, p<0.001, and height of patients 0.307, p<0.009, TRF number -0,155 (P<0,009). These data were confirmed by ANOVA test. By logistic regression we noted following significant odds ratio for missing teeth in CCVD: age-2.87 (CI 95%: 1.75-4.73), smoking-1.82 (CI 95%:1.25-2.68), CRP-1,65 (CI 95%: 0.66-4.99). Only number of TRF (from 0 to 5), not TRF itself, correlate with MT in CCVD. Conclusions: Interpretation of these findings is clearly in CRP and fibrinogen increased level cases, which may be markers of inflammation generated by gums chronic inflammation; the relation with age is naturally;
ALLELE FREQUENCY EFFECT OF THE APOLIPOPRPTEIN E POLYMORPHISM ON THE LIPID LEVELS IN IRANIAN POPULATION: TEHRAN LIPID GLUCOSE STUDY
M. Daneshpour, M. Hedayati, F. Azizi. Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Background and aims: Low HDL-C concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of polymorphism of the APOE gene on lipid level especially low HDL-C in Iranian population to investigate the interaction between these polymorphisms and environmental factors in determining lipid levels. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1030 subjects (452 men and 578 women) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Triglyceride, cholesterol, FBS, HDL-C levels and its subtractions were determined and body mass index and blood pressure were evaluated. A segment of the mentioned gene was amplified by PCR and the polymorphism reveled by RFLP using HhaI restriction enzyme. Results: Allele frequencies obtained for APOE*2, APOE*3, and APOE*4 were 5.77%, 85.92%, and 8.3%, respectively. The APOE*3/*3 genotype presented the highest frequency (74.36%), and the APOE*2/*2 genotype had the lowest frequency (1.94%). Genotype frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg expectation. Carriers of the APOE E2 (E2) allele had higher HDL-C and HDL3 concentrations than did carriers of the APOE E3(E3) or APOE E4 (E4) alleles, in man. Conclusion: The observed genotype and allele frequencies were similar to those reported for other Caucasians samples. The effect of APOE allele type on HDL-C levels was modified by age in women. In addition, in men, the effect of APOE allele type on triglyceride levels was modified by smoking. These findings highlight the important effect of gene-environment interactions on lipid levels. 154
EARLY DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESE PATIENTS BY CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS (IMT) AND BLOOD FLOW
E. Altunoglu 1 , E. Ulgen 1 , M. Boz 1 , C. Muderrisoglu 1 , F. Erdenen 1 , Y. Barut 2 , O. Ozdemir 1 . 1 Internal Medicine, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 Radiodiagnostics, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Background and aims: Obesity is related to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases. The increase of carotid IMT determined by high resolution ultrasound is an accepted parameter for detection of atherosclerosis. We studied the relationship between carotid IMT and blood flow with insulin resistance, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C levels in obese patients. Materials-method: 104 patients (84 female, 20 male) without vascular disease, followed up at outpatient clinics of Istanbul Education and Research Hospital were included. The average age was: 46, 61+11,14. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated via HOMA-R. Carotid IMT and blood flow were evaluated with B- Mode USG and doppler USG. Pearson correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patients had BMI: 42, 44+10,50 and waist/hip ratio: 0.87+0.06. FPG: 143.65+75.28mg/dl, insulin: 15.76+12.17µU/ml, HOMAR: 7.2+12.17, there was moderate correlation with BMI (r=0.44), and strong correlation with waist/hip ratio (r=0.66). There was no relation between triglyceride 182.46+110.17mg/dl, BMI and waist to hip ratio; but strong relation between triglyceride and HOMA (r=0.64) was observed. We found moderate correlation between LDL-C: 134.42+42.04mg/dl with BMI and waist/hip ratio (r=0.41 and r=0.43). IMT increase was observed in 32 patients. Correlation between carotid blood flow peak sistolic velocity (PSV) 29-127cm/min (average 74.76cm/min) and waist/hip correlation was weak (r=0,37). End diastolic velocity (EDV) 11- 51 cm/min, average was 31.62+10.52cm/min. Weak correlation was observed between BMI and waist/hip ratio and EDV (r=0.34). Conclusion: Pre-clinic atherosclerosis decrease carotid blood flow in obese patients. Ultrasonography for evaluating atherosclerotic changes of arteries should be more often used in practice.
77th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, April 26–29, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
PUBLICATION ONLY
Background: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the polymorphism Pro12Ala on mRNA levels of genes PPARg and Nf.kb in response of fat overload test. Material and Methods: A total of 30 subject persons with criteria for the metabolic syndrome and 8 healthy subject, underwent a fat overload with supracal® . Briefly, total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a classical method. Measurement of the different biochemical and stress oxidative variables were made with different commercial kits. Relative levels of specific mRNAs were assessed by RT-PCR. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 8 experiments Results: We found mainly significant diferences between Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala sequences in the insulin secretion (HOMA IS);and reduced glutathion, carbonylated proteins, uric acid and catalase. Following fat overload we detected a significant increase in stresa oxidative level pro-oxidative parameters and decrease in antioxidative parameters. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in serum on the mRNA level using a quantitative real-time PCR normalized to a validated housekeeping gene, such as human b-actin from healthy donors and patients with metabolic syndrome Conclusion: In conclusion, our data presented a correlation between oxidative stress and PPARg expression in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, it is described that in the patients with the PPARg Pro12Ala sequence variant there is a correlation of the hypertrygliceridemia postprandial assoaciated with oxidative stress, where PPARg has a pivotal role.
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smoking may contribute by more ways: an influence on oral hygiene and on endothelial dysfunction. Other relationships with TRF and other risk factors may be discussed. 153
151
EFFECT OF FAT OVERLOAD TEST IN THE PRO12ALA POLYMORPHYSM ON THE M-RNA EXPRESSION OF THE PPAR-GAMMA GENE IN METABOLIC SYNDROME
F. Cardona 1,2 , L. Garrido-Sanchez 2 , M. Macias-Gonzalez 1,2 , M. Queipo-Ortuño 1 , R. Bernal 2 , M. Murri 2,3 , M. Martin 1,2 , F. Tinahones 2,3 . 1 Fundación IMABIS, Málaga, Spain; 2 CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, CB06/03. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 3 Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Clínico Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
152
ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK FACTORS AND DENTAL STATE IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRO-CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE FROM ROMANIA
I. Gutiu, L. Gutiu, A.-M. Georgescu. Dept.of Neurology, Military Emergencies Hospital, Bucharest, Romania Background and aims: In a cross-sectional study on the Romanian patients with cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCVD) our aim was to analyze relationships between traditional risk factors (TRF) such as arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, smoking, new risk factors as inflammation markers (C reactive protein-CRP, serum level fibrinogen, blood sedimentation rate, leucocytosis), and dental state (appreciated by number missing tooth–MT). Methods: We prospectively collected data from 329 patients with CCVD: history of myocardial infarction (76-23%), angina pectoris (14143%), stroke (72-22%), ischemic cardiomyopathy (40-12%); mean age was 61,5±11,9 years, 183 were women (55%). Number of TM was 14,8±10.6 (from 0 to 32). We used for statistical analysis bivariate correlation, variance analysis and multivariate analysis. Results: Bivariate correlation noted for MT significant correlation coefficients “r”: age 0.472, p<0.0001, fibrinogen 0.140, p<0.001, CRP 0.274, p<0.0001, smoking 0.208, p<0.001, and height of patients 0.307, p<0.009, TRF number -0,155 (P<0,009). These data were confirmed by ANOVA test. By logistic regression we noted following significant odds ratio for missing teeth in CCVD: age-2.87 (CI 95%: 1.75-4.73), smoking-1.82 (CI 95%:1.25-2.68), CRP-1,65 (CI 95%: 0.66-4.99). Only number of TRF (from 0 to 5), not TRF itself, correlate with MT in CCVD. Conclusions: Interpretation of these findings is clearly in CRP and fibrinogen increased level cases, which may be markers of inflammation generated by gums chronic inflammation; the relation with age is naturally;
ALLELE FREQUENCY EFFECT OF THE APOLIPOPRPTEIN E POLYMORPHISM ON THE LIPID LEVELS IN IRANIAN POPULATION: TEHRAN LIPID GLUCOSE STUDY
M. Daneshpour, M. Hedayati, F. Azizi. Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences Background and aims: Low HDL-C concentration is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of polymorphism of the APOE gene on lipid level especially low HDL-C in Iranian population to investigate the interaction between these polymorphisms and environmental factors in determining lipid levels. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 1030 subjects (452 men and 578 women) from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Triglyceride, cholesterol, FBS, HDL-C levels and its subtractions were determined and body mass index and blood pressure were evaluated. A segment of the mentioned gene was amplified by PCR and the polymorphism reveled by RFLP using HhaI restriction enzyme. Results: Allele frequencies obtained for APOE*2, APOE*3, and APOE*4 were 5.77%, 85.92%, and 8.3%, respectively. The APOE*3/*3 genotype presented the highest frequency (74.36%), and the APOE*2/*2 genotype had the lowest frequency (1.94%). Genotype frequencies were in conformity with Hardy-Weinberg expectation. Carriers of the APOE E2 (E2) allele had higher HDL-C and HDL3 concentrations than did carriers of the APOE E3(E3) or APOE E4 (E4) alleles, in man. Conclusion: The observed genotype and allele frequencies were similar to those reported for other Caucasians samples. The effect of APOE allele type on HDL-C levels was modified by age in women. In addition, in men, the effect of APOE allele type on triglyceride levels was modified by smoking. These findings highlight the important effect of gene-environment interactions on lipid levels. 154
EARLY DETECTION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN OBESE PATIENTS BY CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS (IMT) AND BLOOD FLOW
E. Altunoglu 1 , E. Ulgen 1 , M. Boz 1 , C. Muderrisoglu 1 , F. Erdenen 1 , Y. Barut 2 , O. Ozdemir 1 . 1 Internal Medicine, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 Radiodiagnostics, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey Background and aims: Obesity is related to increased risk of atherosclerotic diseases. The increase of carotid IMT determined by high resolution ultrasound is an accepted parameter for detection of atherosclerosis. We studied the relationship between carotid IMT and blood flow with insulin resistance, triglyceride, HDL-C, LDL-C levels in obese patients. Materials-method: 104 patients (84 female, 20 male) without vascular disease, followed up at outpatient clinics of Istanbul Education and Research Hospital were included. The average age was: 46, 61+11,14. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were measured. Insulin resistance was calculated via HOMA-R. Carotid IMT and blood flow were evaluated with B- Mode USG and doppler USG. Pearson correlation test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Patients had BMI: 42, 44+10,50 and waist/hip ratio: 0.87+0.06. FPG: 143.65+75.28mg/dl, insulin: 15.76+12.17µU/ml, HOMAR: 7.2+12.17, there was moderate correlation with BMI (r=0.44), and strong correlation with waist/hip ratio (r=0.66). There was no relation between triglyceride 182.46+110.17mg/dl, BMI and waist to hip ratio; but strong relation between triglyceride and HOMA (r=0.64) was observed. We found moderate correlation between LDL-C: 134.42+42.04mg/dl with BMI and waist/hip ratio (r=0.41 and r=0.43). IMT increase was observed in 32 patients. Correlation between carotid blood flow peak sistolic velocity (PSV) 29-127cm/min (average 74.76cm/min) and waist/hip correlation was weak (r=0,37). End diastolic velocity (EDV) 11- 51 cm/min, average was 31.62+10.52cm/min. Weak correlation was observed between BMI and waist/hip ratio and EDV (r=0.34). Conclusion: Pre-clinic atherosclerosis decrease carotid blood flow in obese patients. Ultrasonography for evaluating atherosclerotic changes of arteries should be more often used in practice.
77th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society, April 26–29, 2008, Istanbul, Turkey
PUBLICATION ONLY
Background: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are key regulators in the inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of the polymorphism Pro12Ala on mRNA levels of genes PPARg and Nf.kb in response of fat overload test. Material and Methods: A total of 30 subject persons with criteria for the metabolic syndrome and 8 healthy subject, underwent a fat overload with supracal® . Briefly, total RNA was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using a classical method. Measurement of the different biochemical and stress oxidative variables were made with different commercial kits. Relative levels of specific mRNAs were assessed by RT-PCR. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation of 8 experiments Results: We found mainly significant diferences between Pro12Pro and Pro12Ala sequences in the insulin secretion (HOMA IS);and reduced glutathion, carbonylated proteins, uric acid and catalase. Following fat overload we detected a significant increase in stresa oxidative level pro-oxidative parameters and decrease in antioxidative parameters. Moreover, we analyzed the expression of PPARγ and NF-κB in serum on the mRNA level using a quantitative real-time PCR normalized to a validated housekeeping gene, such as human b-actin from healthy donors and patients with metabolic syndrome Conclusion: In conclusion, our data presented a correlation between oxidative stress and PPARg expression in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, it is described that in the patients with the PPARg Pro12Ala sequence variant there is a correlation of the hypertrygliceridemia postprandial assoaciated with oxidative stress, where PPARg has a pivotal role.
251