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Alloys of sodium and lead
Dec., 189o.]
483
C/zemical Section.
with purpureo-cobaltic chloride, L e., the product was evidently cobalt sesquisutphide. Of the cobalt a m i n e s examined, the roseo-derivative was most rapidly c h a n g e d by t h e gas. W e have good reasons for believing t h a t w e can m a k e this reaction serviceable in the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of cobalt in these bases. PUReUREO-CHI~OMIC CHLOI~IDE (ChCln, IoNHa).--We exposed this salt for a l o n g period, in the cold, to the influence of hydrogen sulphide, w i t h o u t its sustaining any alteration. On raising t h e t e m p e r a t u r e so t h a t it was slightly lower t h a n t h e dissociation t e m p e r a t u r e of h y d r o g e n sulphide, t h e purple-colored a m i n e became quite black in color. It had a v e l v e t y a p p e a r a n c e and r e s e m b l e d the c h r o m i u m sesquisulphide o b t a i n e d by other methods. (I) 0"6390 gram substance gave o'264o gram sulphide. The theoretical amount should be 0"2629 gram.
W h e n this sulphide is exposed to a h i g h h e a t in a current of h y d r o g e n gas, it parts v e r y slowly with its sulphur. It is our i n t e n t i o n to apply this reaction to other metallic amines as soon as w e can do so, t h o u g h at present our work has been i n t e r r u p t e d by unforeseen circumstances. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, October I7, I89o.
ALLOYS
OF SODIUM
AND
LEAD.
BY WM. H. GREENE AND WM. H. WAHL.
[Read al the Meelin~ of the ChemicaI Section, November 18, I89o.]
Recently, in the course of certain investigations, in which we had occasion to m a k e use of alloys of lead and sodium, we found t h a t the properties of such alloys did not correspond with w h a t w e had anticipated from previous publications on t h e subject, and we were led to an examination of the properties of lead-sodium alloys of definite eomposi-
484
I J. F. I.,
C7zc~lict~/ Scczio~z.
tion. T h e s e alloys m a y easily b e m a d e b y d i r e c t combina. tion, a n d t h e p r o d u c t s are then s e n s i b t y c o n s t a n t in composition, w h i c h is not the case w h e n t h e y are prepared by r e d u c i n g lead oxide b y carbon in p r e s e n c e of soda, or by h e a t i n g l i t h a r g e w i t h s o d i u m tartrate, as described by Vanquelin and Serullas. T h e r e q u i r e d q u a n t i t y of s o d i u m was a d d e d to lead m e l t e d in a covered crucible, a n d t h e alloy was roughly a n a l y z e d b y d e t e r m i n i n g lead only. Our alloys contained from t h r e e to thirty-one per cent. sodium. T h e y are all b r i t t l e and crystalline ; all d e c o m p o s e water, that containing the l e a s t s o d i u m p r o d u c i n g a h a r d l y p e r c e p t i b l e evoluti~)n of gas, while that c o n t a i n i n g thirty-one per cent. reacts with violence. T h e b r i t t l e n e s s and o x i d a b i l i t y increase with the p e r c e n t a g e of sodium. T h e r i c h e s t alloy is greenish in color and instar/tly b l a c k e n s on e x p o s u r e to air. W e m a d e special e x a m i n a t i o n s of t h e alloys corresponding in c o m p o s i t i o n to Na2Pb2, Na~Pb a n d Na~Pb : the first of t h e s e c o n t a i n e d ten p e r cent. sodium, the second i9" 5 per cent, r a t h e r more than w o u l d b e i n d i c a t e d b y the formula, while the last c o n t a i n e d 3~'7 per cent. T h e densities were d e t e r m i n e d in aniline a n d f o u n d to b e considerably h i g h e r than w o u l d be t h e densities of m i x t u r e s of the same composition. T h u s t h e t e n p e r cent. alloy has a density of 6"9~ , t h e ~9"5 per cent. a d e n s i t y o f 4'6I, and the 31"7 per cent. al!oy a d e n s i t y of 3"8I. T h e densities of corres-" p o n d i n g m i x t u r e s w o u l d b e 5"6, 3"7 a n d 2" 7, respectively. T h e t h e o r e t i c a l and c a l c u l a t e d p e r c e n t a g e s of Na in alloys of a b o v e a s s u m e d c o m p o s i t i o n c o m p a r e as follows : P.C,Na by theory. . . . . . . . . . " found, . . . . . . . . . . .
Pb2Na~
I~b2N~
Pb4Na
IO io
18"18 t9"5
3o'8 31'7
483
C/zemical Section.
with purpureo-cobaltic chloride, L e., the product was evidently cobalt sesquisutphide. Of the cobalt a m i n e s examined, the roseo-derivative was most rapidly c h a n g e d by t h e gas. W e have good reasons for believing t h a t w e can m a k e this reaction serviceable in the d e t e r m i n a t i o n of cobalt in these bases. PUReUREO-CHI~OMIC CHLOI~IDE (ChCln, IoNHa).--We exposed this salt for a l o n g period, in the cold, to the influence of hydrogen sulphide, w i t h o u t its sustaining any alteration. On raising t h e t e m p e r a t u r e so t h a t it was slightly lower t h a n t h e dissociation t e m p e r a t u r e of h y d r o g e n sulphide, t h e purple-colored a m i n e became quite black in color. It had a v e l v e t y a p p e a r a n c e and r e s e m b l e d the c h r o m i u m sesquisulphide o b t a i n e d by other methods. (I) 0"6390 gram substance gave o'264o gram sulphide. The theoretical amount should be 0"2629 gram.
W h e n this sulphide is exposed to a h i g h h e a t in a current of h y d r o g e n gas, it parts v e r y slowly with its sulphur. It is our i n t e n t i o n to apply this reaction to other metallic amines as soon as w e can do so, t h o u g h at present our work has been i n t e r r u p t e d by unforeseen circumstances. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, PHILADELPHIA, October I7, I89o.
ALLOYS
OF SODIUM
AND
LEAD.
BY WM. H. GREENE AND WM. H. WAHL.
[Read al the Meelin~ of the ChemicaI Section, November 18, I89o.]
Recently, in the course of certain investigations, in which we had occasion to m a k e use of alloys of lead and sodium, we found t h a t the properties of such alloys did not correspond with w h a t w e had anticipated from previous publications on t h e subject, and we were led to an examination of the properties of lead-sodium alloys of definite eomposi-
484
I J. F. I.,
C7zc~lict~/ Scczio~z.
tion. T h e s e alloys m a y easily b e m a d e b y d i r e c t combina. tion, a n d t h e p r o d u c t s are then s e n s i b t y c o n s t a n t in composition, w h i c h is not the case w h e n t h e y are prepared by r e d u c i n g lead oxide b y carbon in p r e s e n c e of soda, or by h e a t i n g l i t h a r g e w i t h s o d i u m tartrate, as described by Vanquelin and Serullas. T h e r e q u i r e d q u a n t i t y of s o d i u m was a d d e d to lead m e l t e d in a covered crucible, a n d t h e alloy was roughly a n a l y z e d b y d e t e r m i n i n g lead only. Our alloys contained from t h r e e to thirty-one per cent. sodium. T h e y are all b r i t t l e and crystalline ; all d e c o m p o s e water, that containing the l e a s t s o d i u m p r o d u c i n g a h a r d l y p e r c e p t i b l e evoluti~)n of gas, while that c o n t a i n i n g thirty-one per cent. reacts with violence. T h e b r i t t l e n e s s and o x i d a b i l i t y increase with the p e r c e n t a g e of sodium. T h e r i c h e s t alloy is greenish in color and instar/tly b l a c k e n s on e x p o s u r e to air. W e m a d e special e x a m i n a t i o n s of t h e alloys corresponding in c o m p o s i t i o n to Na2Pb2, Na~Pb a n d Na~Pb : the first of t h e s e c o n t a i n e d ten p e r cent. sodium, the second i9" 5 per cent, r a t h e r more than w o u l d b e i n d i c a t e d b y the formula, while the last c o n t a i n e d 3~'7 per cent. T h e densities were d e t e r m i n e d in aniline a n d f o u n d to b e considerably h i g h e r than w o u l d be t h e densities of m i x t u r e s of the same composition. T h u s t h e t e n p e r cent. alloy has a density of 6"9~ , t h e ~9"5 per cent. a d e n s i t y o f 4'6I, and the 31"7 per cent. al!oy a d e n s i t y of 3"8I. T h e densities of corres-" p o n d i n g m i x t u r e s w o u l d b e 5"6, 3"7 a n d 2" 7, respectively. T h e t h e o r e t i c a l and c a l c u l a t e d p e r c e n t a g e s of Na in alloys of a b o v e a s s u m e d c o m p o s i t i o n c o m p a r e as follows : P.C,Na by theory. . . . . . . . . . " found, . . . . . . . . . . .
Pb2Na~
I~b2N~
Pb4Na
IO io
18"18 t9"5
3o'8 31'7