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Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils
Journal Pre-proof Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils Narges Hemati Matin, Mohsen Jalali, Vasileios Antoniadis, Sabry M. Shaheen, Jianxu Wang, Tao Zhang, Hailong Wang, Jörg Rinklebe PII:
S0045-6535(19)32127-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124888
Reference:
CHEM 124888
To appear in:
ECSN
Received Date: 1 April 2019 Revised Date:
10 September 2019
Accepted Date: 16 September 2019
Please cite this article as: Matin, N.H., Jalali, M., Antoniadis, V., Shaheen, S.M., Wang, J., Zhang, T., Wang, H., Rinklebe, Jö., Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils, Chemosphere (2019), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124888. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Table 1. Characteristics of the studied soils and biochars Parameters Unit Soil-1 Soil-2 Almond BC † † pH 7.7±0.04 7.9±0.06 6.5±0.2 EC dS m-1 0.09±0.2† 0.20±0.09† 0.43±0.02 CaCO3 % 8.5±1.1 5.6±2.7 OM 1.4±0.05 1.3±0.08 Sand 21.1±3.7 62.0±2.1 Clay 32.2±0.09 15.7±0.5 Fe-ox mg kg-1 418.8±11.9 211.7±7.6 19.6±0.1 Al-ox 74.4±1.1 65.1±0.08 9.8±0.02 † † Water soluble Ca 100.0±3.2 23.7±2.9 984.0±4.7†† † † Water soluble Mg 20.0±1.7 11.2±1.0 200.0±1.4†† Water soluble Na 91.4±3.4† 44.8±4.9† 320.0±20.3†† Water soluble K 63.0±9.5† 2.4±3.2† 472.0±32.4†† † † Water soluble P 2.7±0.1 7.3±0.02 124.0±4.5†† Total P 693.1±2.4 680.1±7.3 3256.3±37.1 EC: Electrical conductivity; OM: Organic matter; Fe-ox: Ferrous oxalate; Al-ox: Aluminum oxalate. † Solid: solution (H2O) ratio = 1:5 for soils (Rowell, 1994) and ††Solid: solution (H2O) ratio = 1:20 (Sahin et al., 2017) for BCs.
Walnut BC 5.6±0.04 0.56±0.06 29.2±0.06 10.5±0.01 848.0±2.4†† 372.0±1.8†† 326.0±23.4†† 578.0±68.2†† 94.0±10.2†† 3511.6±55.9
Table 2. Freundlich sorption isotherm parameters in untreated and BC-treated soils Soil
BC Untreated Almond
1 Walnut
Untreated Almond 2 Walnut
Biochar Dosages % 0 2.5 5 10 2.5 5 10 0 2.5 5 10 2.5 5 10
Kf L kg-1 50.0 26.0 18.0 14.0 15.6 16.0 8.8 60.1 63.6 14.8 14.4 22.2 35.1 20.4
n 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 12.5 1.1
Freundlich parameters R 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.99
SE 23.4 8.9 3.0 4.5 1.8 4.7 5.0 23.7 33.9 7.2 4.7 6.1 1.4 4.2
Table 3. Values of coefficients and parameters that describe P release kinetics in the studied soils Soil
BC
Biochar Dosages %
qe, exp.
Pseudo-first order 2
R
mg kg-
qe, cal mg kg
1
Elovich k1
-1
h
2
R
a
-1
Pseudo-second order b mg kg
Untreated
0 2.5
19.67 19.94
0.91 0.98
14.07 14.68
0.027 0.024
0.96 0.95
3.65 3.62
3.04 3.04
Almond
5 10
19.82 20.69
0.98 0.98
14.94 15.48
0.025 0.023
0.95 0.94
3.36 3.53
3.09 3.15
2.5
20.14
0.98
15.17
0.025
0.95
3.45
3.12
Walnut
5 10
19.78 21.51
0.98 0.99
14.74 16.68
0.024 0.025
0.95 0.94
3.60 3.43
2.99 3.33
Untreated
0
22.32
0.98
17.25
0.026
0.95
3.67
3.52
Almond
2.5 5
22.84 21.43
0.98 0.98
16.88 15.80
0.026 0.025
0.96 0.96
4.18 4.00
3.57 3.28
10
23.48
0.91
17.56
0.024
0.95
4.28
3.55
2.5 5 10
21.78 22.74 24.51
0.98 0.98 0.98
16.41 16.65 17.45
0.026 0.027 0.026
0.95 0.96 0.97
3.99 4.36 5.10
3.37 3.55 3.75
1
2 Walnut
qe, cal. -1
2
R
mg kg-1 17.54 17.50 17.49 17.92 17.67 17.27 18.61 19.08 20.48 18.99 20.51 19.35 20.55 22.22
qe, cal. mg kg
-1
Intra-particle diffusion 2
k2 -1
mg kg h
R -1
C mg kg
Kp -1
mg kg-1 h-1
0.98 0.97
19.98 20.12
0.005 0.005
0.97 0.98
3.13 3.06
1.75 1.75
0.97 0.97
20.19 20.85
0.005 0.004
0.98 0.98
2.79 1.84
1.78 1.83
0.97
20.45
0.005
0.98
2.87
1.80
0.97 0.96
20.00 21.98
0.005 0.004
0.98 0.99
3.01 2.69
1.73 1.94
0.97
22.96
0.004
0.98
2.98
2.04
0.98 0.97
23.27 21.72
0.004 0.005
0.97 0.97
3.62 3.43
2.04 1.89
0.97
23.74
0.004
0.98
3.60
2.05
0.97 0.98 0.98
22.28 23.20 24.86
0.004 0.005 0.005
0.98 0.97 0.97
3.34 3.80 4.54
1.94 2.02 2.13
qe,exp.: experimented amount of P released (mg kg-1); qe,cal.: calculated amounts of P released (mg kg-1) with kinetics equations.
Highlights Almond and walnut shell biochars (BCs) increased P sorption in alkaline soils Biochar released previously bound P gradually back into solution Walnut BC-added soils sorbed more P than soils added with almond BC Biochar-added P was distributed in the residual and exchangeable fractions BC addition to soil resulted in increased water-soluble-, mobile-, and Olsen-P
S0045-6535(19)32127-7
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124888
Reference:
CHEM 124888
To appear in:
ECSN
Received Date: 1 April 2019 Revised Date:
10 September 2019
Accepted Date: 16 September 2019
Please cite this article as: Matin, N.H., Jalali, M., Antoniadis, V., Shaheen, S.M., Wang, J., Zhang, T., Wang, H., Rinklebe, Jö., Almond and walnut shell-derived biochars affect sorption-desorption, fractionation, and release of phosphorus in two different soils, Chemosphere (2019), doi: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124888. This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Table 1. Characteristics of the studied soils and biochars Parameters Unit Soil-1 Soil-2 Almond BC † † pH 7.7±0.04 7.9±0.06 6.5±0.2 EC dS m-1 0.09±0.2† 0.20±0.09† 0.43±0.02 CaCO3 % 8.5±1.1 5.6±2.7 OM 1.4±0.05 1.3±0.08 Sand 21.1±3.7 62.0±2.1 Clay 32.2±0.09 15.7±0.5 Fe-ox mg kg-1 418.8±11.9 211.7±7.6 19.6±0.1 Al-ox 74.4±1.1 65.1±0.08 9.8±0.02 † † Water soluble Ca 100.0±3.2 23.7±2.9 984.0±4.7†† † † Water soluble Mg 20.0±1.7 11.2±1.0 200.0±1.4†† Water soluble Na 91.4±3.4† 44.8±4.9† 320.0±20.3†† Water soluble K 63.0±9.5† 2.4±3.2† 472.0±32.4†† † † Water soluble P 2.7±0.1 7.3±0.02 124.0±4.5†† Total P 693.1±2.4 680.1±7.3 3256.3±37.1 EC: Electrical conductivity; OM: Organic matter; Fe-ox: Ferrous oxalate; Al-ox: Aluminum oxalate. † Solid: solution (H2O) ratio = 1:5 for soils (Rowell, 1994) and ††Solid: solution (H2O) ratio = 1:20 (Sahin et al., 2017) for BCs.
Walnut BC 5.6±0.04 0.56±0.06 29.2±0.06 10.5±0.01 848.0±2.4†† 372.0±1.8†† 326.0±23.4†† 578.0±68.2†† 94.0±10.2†† 3511.6±55.9
Table 2. Freundlich sorption isotherm parameters in untreated and BC-treated soils Soil
BC Untreated Almond
1 Walnut
Untreated Almond 2 Walnut
Biochar Dosages % 0 2.5 5 10 2.5 5 10 0 2.5 5 10 2.5 5 10
Kf L kg-1 50.0 26.0 18.0 14.0 15.6 16.0 8.8 60.1 63.6 14.8 14.4 22.2 35.1 20.4
n 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.9 1.7 1.1 1.0 1.2 12.5 1.1
Freundlich parameters R 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.95 0.93 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.99
SE 23.4 8.9 3.0 4.5 1.8 4.7 5.0 23.7 33.9 7.2 4.7 6.1 1.4 4.2
Table 3. Values of coefficients and parameters that describe P release kinetics in the studied soils Soil
BC
Biochar Dosages %
qe, exp.
Pseudo-first order 2
R
mg kg-
qe, cal mg kg
1
Elovich k1
-1
h
2
R
a
-1
Pseudo-second order b mg kg
Untreated
0 2.5
19.67 19.94
0.91 0.98
14.07 14.68
0.027 0.024
0.96 0.95
3.65 3.62
3.04 3.04
Almond
5 10
19.82 20.69
0.98 0.98
14.94 15.48
0.025 0.023
0.95 0.94
3.36 3.53
3.09 3.15
2.5
20.14
0.98
15.17
0.025
0.95
3.45
3.12
Walnut
5 10
19.78 21.51
0.98 0.99
14.74 16.68
0.024 0.025
0.95 0.94
3.60 3.43
2.99 3.33
Untreated
0
22.32
0.98
17.25
0.026
0.95
3.67
3.52
Almond
2.5 5
22.84 21.43
0.98 0.98
16.88 15.80
0.026 0.025
0.96 0.96
4.18 4.00
3.57 3.28
10
23.48
0.91
17.56
0.024
0.95
4.28
3.55
2.5 5 10
21.78 22.74 24.51
0.98 0.98 0.98
16.41 16.65 17.45
0.026 0.027 0.026
0.95 0.96 0.97
3.99 4.36 5.10
3.37 3.55 3.75
1
2 Walnut
qe, cal. -1
2
R
mg kg-1 17.54 17.50 17.49 17.92 17.67 17.27 18.61 19.08 20.48 18.99 20.51 19.35 20.55 22.22
qe, cal. mg kg
-1
Intra-particle diffusion 2
k2 -1
mg kg h
R -1
C mg kg
Kp -1
mg kg-1 h-1
0.98 0.97
19.98 20.12
0.005 0.005
0.97 0.98
3.13 3.06
1.75 1.75
0.97 0.97
20.19 20.85
0.005 0.004
0.98 0.98
2.79 1.84
1.78 1.83
0.97
20.45
0.005
0.98
2.87
1.80
0.97 0.96
20.00 21.98
0.005 0.004
0.98 0.99
3.01 2.69
1.73 1.94
0.97
22.96
0.004
0.98
2.98
2.04
0.98 0.97
23.27 21.72
0.004 0.005
0.97 0.97
3.62 3.43
2.04 1.89
0.97
23.74
0.004
0.98
3.60
2.05
0.97 0.98 0.98
22.28 23.20 24.86
0.004 0.005 0.005
0.98 0.97 0.97
3.34 3.80 4.54
1.94 2.02 2.13
qe,exp.: experimented amount of P released (mg kg-1); qe,cal.: calculated amounts of P released (mg kg-1) with kinetics equations.
Highlights Almond and walnut shell biochars (BCs) increased P sorption in alkaline soils Biochar released previously bound P gradually back into solution Walnut BC-added soils sorbed more P than soils added with almond BC Biochar-added P was distributed in the residual and exchangeable fractions BC addition to soil resulted in increased water-soluble-, mobile-, and Olsen-P