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Al–Th–U Aluminum–Thorium–Uranium system
620
dependent on the zinc content; tin additions only soften the alloys slightly. Accordingly the highest strength and hardness correspond to the binary aluminum-zinc alloys, which in the as-cast condition reach ultimate tensile strength of 250-270MN/m 2 ; elongation = 4-5%; Hw = 900-1 000MN/m 2 at 20-30% Zn. These properties decrease to UTS = 60-70 MN/m2, £=7-12%, Hv = 300-400 MN/m2 at 10% Zn, 30-70% Sn. Corrosion resistance in acids is the better the lower the zinc content. Small additions of tin reduce the resistance; larger ones restore at least some of it. In NaOH the alloying additions improve the resistance; in salt solutions there are two zones of very severe corrosion, one within the approximate range of 10-40% Sn, 60-80% Zn, the other in the high-tin alloys [9]. Tin additions to aluminum-zinc alloys slow down the age hardening by reducing the GP zone formation rate [10]. For the properties of tin-zinc alloys as solders for aluminum see the extensive reviews of [11, 12]. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
L. Losana, etc., JIM 30, 473 H. Nishimura, etc., JIM 38,412 V.Jares,//M36,437 S. Provans, etc., Met A 2, 110240, 210474 A. A. Tikhomirov, etc., Met A 1, 150739 E.Crepaz,//M30,473 A. Roll, etc., JIMMA 29, 823, 875 H. Ichinose, etc., Met A 3, 350337 N. O. Taylor, JIM 37,454 S. Ceresara, etc., Met A 2,140199 Anon., JIM 28, 791 ; 30, 644 Anon., JIM 30, 644
Al-Ta-W Aluminum-Tantalum-Tungsten system Both tantalum and tungsten have some grain refining effect on aluminum, but, as found in similar systems (AlCrTi, AlTiZr, etc.), the effect is not additive [1]. REFERENCE 1.
L. K. Lamikhov, etc., MA 1, 961
Al-Th-U Aluminum-Thorium-Uranium system As with most other additions, thorium tends to stabilise the UA13 phase at the expense of the UA14, and the ternary eutectic at the aluminum end is liq.—* Al + ThAl3 + UA13, at 18% Th, 6% Al [1, 2]. The invariant reaction, liq. + UAl 4 ^UAl 3 + Al, must also take place. In the solid state Al is in equilibrium with UA14, UA13 and ThAl3. Preparation of alloys by direct reduction of the oxides was investigated [3].
621 REFERENCES 1. G. E. Bobeck, etc., US AEC Rep. ISC 832, 1955 2. F. A. Rough, etc., US AEC Rep. BMI1300, 1958 3. J. D. T. Capocchi, etc., Met A 3,460031
Al-Ti-Zr Aluminum-Titanium-Zirconium system Only the titanium end of the diagram has been investigated [1]. The grain refining effects of titanium and zirconium in aluminum are not additive; actually the effect of the two together is less than that of either element alone [2]. REFERENCES 1. T. T. Nartova, etc., Met A 3, 110658 2. L. K. Lamikhov, etc., MA 1, 961
Al-U-Zr Aluminum-Uranium-Zirconium system Zirconium stabilises the UA13 phase, thus increasing the plasticity of the alloys [1-3]. At the aluminum end of the diagram UA13 and Zr Al3 have very large primary fields, whereas those of aluminum and UA14 are very small. The invariant reactions are listed in Table 3.42. In UA12 (81.5% U) and UA13 (74.7% U) a good proportion of the uranium can be replaced by zirconium up to the compositions 39.3% U, 31.2% Zr and 39.0% U, 26.7% Zr, respectively. Only 1.4% U dissolves in ZrAl2, practically none in ZrAl3 and only 0.5% Zr in UA14. UA13 is cubic; space group Pm3m; 4 atoms to the unit cell; and the parameter changes regularly from 4.287 x 10~10m at 0% Zr to 4.148 x 10- 10 m at 26.7% Zr [1-3]. Zirconium improves thefluidityof aluminum-uranium alloys [2]. Table 3.42
INVARIANT REACTIONS IN THE ALUMINUM-URANIUM-ZIRCONIUM SYSTEM
Composition of phases Reaction
Temp.
Liq.
AI
C
B
(°K)
%U
%Zr
%U
%Zr
%U
%Zr
%u
%Zr
liq. + ZrAl 2 -- ZrAl3 +UA12 1640 liq. + UA12 -- ZrAl3 +UAI3 1600 liq. + ZrAl 3 --UAI3 + Al 933 liq. — UA14 + UA13 + Al 913
37.3 37.6 9.0 13.6
28.3 26.8 0.6 0.3
1.4 38.9
61.3 33.6 52.8 0.5
—
52.8 52.8 20.7 7.5
39.3 39.0
31.2 26.7 0.4 0.1
A
B
C
—
64.0
44.9 63.7
—
0.1
dependent on the zinc content; tin additions only soften the alloys slightly. Accordingly the highest strength and hardness correspond to the binary aluminum-zinc alloys, which in the as-cast condition reach ultimate tensile strength of 250-270MN/m 2 ; elongation = 4-5%; Hw = 900-1 000MN/m 2 at 20-30% Zn. These properties decrease to UTS = 60-70 MN/m2, £=7-12%, Hv = 300-400 MN/m2 at 10% Zn, 30-70% Sn. Corrosion resistance in acids is the better the lower the zinc content. Small additions of tin reduce the resistance; larger ones restore at least some of it. In NaOH the alloying additions improve the resistance; in salt solutions there are two zones of very severe corrosion, one within the approximate range of 10-40% Sn, 60-80% Zn, the other in the high-tin alloys [9]. Tin additions to aluminum-zinc alloys slow down the age hardening by reducing the GP zone formation rate [10]. For the properties of tin-zinc alloys as solders for aluminum see the extensive reviews of [11, 12]. REFERENCES 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
L. Losana, etc., JIM 30, 473 H. Nishimura, etc., JIM 38,412 V.Jares,//M36,437 S. Provans, etc., Met A 2, 110240, 210474 A. A. Tikhomirov, etc., Met A 1, 150739 E.Crepaz,//M30,473 A. Roll, etc., JIMMA 29, 823, 875 H. Ichinose, etc., Met A 3, 350337 N. O. Taylor, JIM 37,454 S. Ceresara, etc., Met A 2,140199 Anon., JIM 28, 791 ; 30, 644 Anon., JIM 30, 644
Al-Ta-W Aluminum-Tantalum-Tungsten system Both tantalum and tungsten have some grain refining effect on aluminum, but, as found in similar systems (AlCrTi, AlTiZr, etc.), the effect is not additive [1]. REFERENCE 1.
L. K. Lamikhov, etc., MA 1, 961
Al-Th-U Aluminum-Thorium-Uranium system As with most other additions, thorium tends to stabilise the UA13 phase at the expense of the UA14, and the ternary eutectic at the aluminum end is liq.—* Al + ThAl3 + UA13, at 18% Th, 6% Al [1, 2]. The invariant reaction, liq. + UAl 4 ^UAl 3 + Al, must also take place. In the solid state Al is in equilibrium with UA14, UA13 and ThAl3. Preparation of alloys by direct reduction of the oxides was investigated [3].
621 REFERENCES 1. G. E. Bobeck, etc., US AEC Rep. ISC 832, 1955 2. F. A. Rough, etc., US AEC Rep. BMI1300, 1958 3. J. D. T. Capocchi, etc., Met A 3,460031
Al-Ti-Zr Aluminum-Titanium-Zirconium system Only the titanium end of the diagram has been investigated [1]. The grain refining effects of titanium and zirconium in aluminum are not additive; actually the effect of the two together is less than that of either element alone [2]. REFERENCES 1. T. T. Nartova, etc., Met A 3, 110658 2. L. K. Lamikhov, etc., MA 1, 961
Al-U-Zr Aluminum-Uranium-Zirconium system Zirconium stabilises the UA13 phase, thus increasing the plasticity of the alloys [1-3]. At the aluminum end of the diagram UA13 and Zr Al3 have very large primary fields, whereas those of aluminum and UA14 are very small. The invariant reactions are listed in Table 3.42. In UA12 (81.5% U) and UA13 (74.7% U) a good proportion of the uranium can be replaced by zirconium up to the compositions 39.3% U, 31.2% Zr and 39.0% U, 26.7% Zr, respectively. Only 1.4% U dissolves in ZrAl2, practically none in ZrAl3 and only 0.5% Zr in UA14. UA13 is cubic; space group Pm3m; 4 atoms to the unit cell; and the parameter changes regularly from 4.287 x 10~10m at 0% Zr to 4.148 x 10- 10 m at 26.7% Zr [1-3]. Zirconium improves thefluidityof aluminum-uranium alloys [2]. Table 3.42
INVARIANT REACTIONS IN THE ALUMINUM-URANIUM-ZIRCONIUM SYSTEM
Composition of phases Reaction
Temp.
Liq.
AI
C
B
(°K)
%U
%Zr
%U
%Zr
%U
%Zr
%u
%Zr
liq. + ZrAl 2 -- ZrAl3 +UA12 1640 liq. + UA12 -- ZrAl3 +UAI3 1600 liq. + ZrAl 3 --UAI3 + Al 933 liq. — UA14 + UA13 + Al 913
37.3 37.6 9.0 13.6
28.3 26.8 0.6 0.3
1.4 38.9
61.3 33.6 52.8 0.5
—
52.8 52.8 20.7 7.5
39.3 39.0
31.2 26.7 0.4 0.1
A
B
C
—
64.0
44.9 63.7
—
0.1