American journal of political science

91

Guide to Journal Articles

Raisa B. Deber. “‘The Fault, Dear Brutus' ‘: Women as Congressional Candidates in Pennsylvania’, 44:2, May 1982, pp. 463-79. Why is such a large proportion of the US Congress middle-class, middle-aged and male? This analysis of women’s attempts to gain political office centres on four hypotheses: (1) women are underrepresented because they do not seek political office: (2) women are concentrated in ‘hopeless’ races; (3) women candidates receive little in the way of political resources; (4) women candidates are disadvantaged at the polls because of voter discrimination. The question is still, though, whether to blame the women or change the repertoire.

Journal OfPolitics,

Edinburgh University Politics Group, ‘Learning to Fight Multi-Party Elections: The Lessons of Hillhead’, Parliamentary Affairs, 35:3, Summer 1982, pp. 252-66. The victory of Roy Jenkins at the Glasgow Hillhead by-election of March 1982 furthered the prospects of multi&party competition in British politics as well as establishing the Social Democratic/Liberal Alliance as a force in Scottish politics. James M. Enelow and Melvin J. Hinich.

‘Ideology, Issues and the Spatial Theory of Elections’, 1982, pp. 493-501. This article explores the conrzction between ideology and issues in the minds of voters and the relationship between this connection and the electoral prospects of candidates engaged in two-party competition. Magnifying the expected policy difference that voters associate with a fixed ideological difference aids the incumbent, whereas collapsing it aids the challenger.

American

Political Science Review, 76~3, September

Theory” and Political Realignment in the United States’, Political 1982, pp. 426-31. The author attempts to determine whether a linear or nonlinear relationship exists between time and presidential election data. The purpose is to test the hypothesis of Charles Sellers that there is an ‘equilibrium cycle in two-party politics’ which consists of three phases: realignment, ascendancy and equilibrium. The conclusion is that although there is some slender evidence of cyclical tendencies in the results of American presidential elections, the tendencies are so weak and the data points so few, that they cannot be used for predictive purposes. John H. Fenton,

“‘Cycle

Studies, 30:3, September

Peter C. Fishburn

and Steven J. Brams,

‘Expected

Utility and Approval

Voting’,

Behavioral

Science, 26, 1981, pp. 136-42.

By the same authors: ‘Efficacy, Power and Equity under Approval Voting’, Public Choice, 37, 1981, pp. 425-34; ‘Approval Voting, Condorcet’s Principle and Runoff Elections’, Public Choice, 36, 1981, pp. 89- 114; ‘Deducing Simple Majorities from Approval Voting Ballot Data’, Social Science Research, 10, 1981, pp. 256-66; ‘Reconstructing Voting Processes: The 1976 House Majority Leader Election’, Political Methodology, 7, Nos 3 and 4, 1981, pp. 95-108. In this series of articles, Fishburn and Brams analyse approval voting from a number of different viewpoints. They argue that approval voting is more equitable than either the common plurality system or the plurality runoff method. ‘Issue Preferences and Candidate Choice in Presidential Primaries’, American 26~3, August 1982, pp. 523-46. This paper uses the CBS News-New York Times primary election exit surveys for 20 1976 presidential primaries to assess the impact of issue preferences upon candidate choice in presidential primaries. Issue opinions generally do not predict the outcome of the 1976 primaries very well. Some consequences of issue-voting (or the absence thereof) for governing are suggested. J. David Gopoian,

Journal ofPoliticalScience,

Douglas A. Hibbs, Jnr. with the assistance of R. Douglas Rivers and Nicholas Vasilatos, ‘The Dynamics of Political Support for American Presidents among Occupational and Partisan Groups’, American Journal of Political Science, 26~2, May 1982, pp. 312-32. This article investigates the response of political support for American Presidents among

92

Guide to Journal Articles

occupational

and partisan

groups

dynamic

model

of political

objective

group

interests

Douglas

A. Hibbs,

Demand

for Economic

United This

States, paper

ments

Great

Britain

demand

R. J. Johnston,

comparatively

the aggregate

of Voting 1982.

The author

that traditional

methods

argues

are incomplete dependent parties

with

variable

Kavanagh.

Private

Polls’,

incorporates

‘Election

The purpose

of this paper

their

role prior

general

import

in British

Jean-Dominique

in ML&-Party 304.

of ecological

on the private

‘ChBmage

et

major

Western

Ulf Lindstrcm, This

paper

The

1982.

1981

tripartite

Gregory

article

attitudes

uses

and

policy

or ideological E.

12:3,

July

The analysis

imparted

81.

of private

across

a

the full set of value.

Parties

and the Use of

polls for British

political

an assessment

of their

des

&ono-

and finally

d’Estaing’s

with

France

party

inflation

and

income and

high

198 1.

Where,

1982,

pp. 692 -702.

is no exception

defeat in May When.

Analyses

1982,

along

of politicians.

Voter:

Bilan

5, August-October

unemployment.

The Greek

a new shape

first appeared

cleavages,

How,

Who

and

Why?‘,

pp. 321-32.

arena.

Election

highlighting

in the process

the

West European Politics,

of 19X1’,

between

to the Greek

in 1977

became

Left and Right

class is the only relevant

‘Political

the

1980

individual

model

Warren

Political

Attitudes

during

party

provides

no evidence

in Greece dividing

an Election

Election

decisions.

Study

is largely

Year:

for the contention

yields

that

Reagan’s

Given

on the

1980

NES

pp. 538-60.

to assess support

Miller

and

J.

Merrill

Shanks,

of the 1980

‘Policy

Presidential

Directions

Election’,

the

impact

of political

for the retrospective victory

and

was the result

voting of his

Presidential

Leadership:

British Journal of Political Science,

pp. 299-356.

of data from

the 1980

CPS election

study

presented

a

PASOK’s

politics.

A Report 1982,

towards

Despite

a class division.

line in Greek

surveys

The analysis

The trend

in 1981.

positions.

Interpretations 1982,

National

voting

system.

a reality

American Political Science Review, 7613, September

upon

Alternative

British

models)

to develop

research.

R’Ise of PASOK:

which

B. Markus.

This

that

in the Scandinavian of electoral

the division

of other

Study’,

trends

results

system

strategy,

Panel

show

Scandinavian

status

‘The

electoral

‘catch-all’

votes

o/

pp. 308-13.

party

the absence

to

journai

regression

and analytical

Politiques:

32:4

the popularity

part in Giscard

Changing

theoretical

Lyrintzis,

5:3, July

to voters’

in relation

&ropean

using

pp. 267 world

qf Political Research. 10:3, September

looks at recent

contemporary Christos

upon

a great

‘The

Journal

European

countries

significantly played

income

It is necessary

area’s

election

Comportements

Data

unemployment

for govern-

is given

politics.

Lafay.

weighs

Polls: 1982,

use in the 1979

Revue FmnCaise de Science PoliLpe,

from

(largely

contests.

have both descriptive

metriques’, growth

support

Contests‘.

of each

and Opinion

their

in the

pp. 426-62.

attention

disposable

analysis

of multi-party

35:3, Summer

is to shed light

to 1979,

1982.

‘On the

Support

and the rate of price acceleration.

Regions

would

Campaigns

Parliamentary Afiirs,

parties.

of real personal

the distribution

Such a classification

May

Special

pp. 293

to the geography

which

(candidates).

Dennis

regard

of a

diverging

Vasilatos,

Political

of mass political

variables.

of the rate of inflation

Definition

the framework to reflect

and Nicholas

44:2,

responses

performance

10:3. September

within appear

and Mass

o/‘Polih-s.

journal

Political Reseuxh,

Rivers

Performance

and the rate of growth

in respect

‘The

of R. Douglas

and Germany’,

events

differences

perspectives.

Macroeconomic

in macroeconomic

for employment

inter-group

than partisan-based

with the assistance

investigates

the implied

and non-economic

In general

Outcomes:

to movements

demands

rather

Jnr.

to economic

choice.

in this paper

is concerned

with