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An ergonomic study of paint roller widths
some detailed information on the range of actions which fire-participants undertook, it was decided to conduct a largescale survey, interviewing those involved in the fire. These interviews, which were undertaken at the scene of the incident, were conducted by fire service personnel, using a questionnaire format. 22.3.34 (119890)
Wilkinson, W.S. Ergonomic design of library issues/
returns workstations. A systems approach. In: Ergonomics, technology and productivity. Proc 25th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics See of Australia, 2 6 - 2 9 Nov 1989. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, 1989, pp 2 3 9 - 2 4 7 , 3 refs. One of the Work Environment Services' clients, as a result of perceived operator interface mismatches associated with changing from a manual to a computerised library system, agreed to a system appraisal being undertaken in conjunction with consultation with the library staff. This paper describes the design and features selected from the issues/return workstations following task analysis and p r o t o t y p e evaluation. Comment on the limitations imposed by the technical system chosen and potential areas for future development is also given. Positive and negative aspects of the consultative process are also discussed. 22.3.35 (119891)
Charwat, H.]. Arrangement of monitors in control rooms. In: J. Ranta (Ed). Analysis, design and evaluation of m a n - m a c h i n e systems 1988, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989, pp 1 1 7 - 1 2 5 , 6 refs. The impact, objective, methodology and findings of a study by an interdisciplinary team are presented. The results will be edited as a standardguideline by the German association of engineers 'VDI/VDE'. The paper offers designers of control stations practical rules, dimensions and examples for the arrangement of the CRT-monitorequipped workplaces in control rooms.
22.3.36 (119892)
O'Mara, N., and Ellis, G. The ergonomic design and layout of an electronics technician's laboratory: A case study. In: Ergonomics in work design. Proc 24th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics Soc of Australia, 1 - 4 Dec 1987. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, St Kflda, Western Australia, 1987, pp 1 2 5 - 1 3 5 , 10 refs.
identified including inappropriate workstation design and associated complaints of postural discomfort. Pertinent ergonomics recommendations were proposed to optimise the design and layout of the workstation to ensure comfort and efficiency, to enhance viewing distance and angle to the work object, and concurrently reduce excessive flexion of the spine. The recommendations included the provision of an adjustable workstation incorporating a working platform with inclination adjustment and a suitable chair with a forward tilt feature. 22.3.37 (119895) Kemp, P., Popovic, V., and Scott, A. Killing them softly - meat knife design. In: Ergonomics, technology and productivity. Proc 25th Ann Conf o f the Ergonomics See of Australia, 2 6 - 2 9 Nov 1989. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, 1989, pp 2 2 7 - 2 3 8 , 11 refs. This paper covers some issues related to a meat knife design and its development. It outlines the research m e t h o d ology used, design criteria and the design of a slicing and boning knife. It also discusses the worker's resistance to change influenced by new design. In conclusion, it recommends the strategy to be used in order to implement the changes proposed for the improvement of a meat worker's task. 22.3.38 (119896) Stevenson, M.G. An ergonomic study of paint roller widths. In: Ergonomics in work design. Proc 24th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics Soc of Australia, 1 - 4 Dec 1987. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, St Kilda, Western Australia, 1987, 5 1 - 6 0 , 6 refs. Professional painters have a choice of paint roller widths for painting walls and ceilings. At the request of the Painters' and Decorators' Union, a study was made of ergonomics factors which might influence this decision. Three roller widths, 270 mm, 360 mm and 460 mm were compared. Oxygen consumption rates of painters using these rollers were measured at construction sites. The oxygen consumed per square metre of wall covered tended to favour the 360 mm roller. Muscle loads were also measured in a simulated painting job in the laboratory, showing substantially higher efforts needed for the two wider rollers, although these loads were not excessive in terms of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the muscles concerned.
An investigation was conducted by an ergonomist and an occupational hygienist of an electronics technician's workstation. Several problems were
210
Applied Ergonomics
June 1991
22.3.39 (11899)
Boileau, P.E., and Rakheja, S. Vibration attenuation performance of suspension seats for off-road forestry
vehicles. In t J lndust Ergonomics, 1990, 5 . 3 , 2 7 5 - 2 9 1 , 14 refs. F o u r different types of vertical suspension seats were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field in order to measure their adaptability for attenuating whole-body vibration in log skidders used in the forestry industry. Laboratory testing first consisted of determining the static and dynamic characteristics of the seats, such as the static stiffness of the cushions and suspension systems, and the hysteresis parameters and damping properties of the cushions. The vibration attenuation characteristics of the seats were then measured using a laboratory test rig simuJating a driver workstation. The influence of amplitude of excitation and the variations in seat height on the vibration attenuation performance, of the suspension seats was evaluated for sinusoidal excitations in the frequency range of 0-2-8"0 Hz. The seats were then field-tested during normal skidding operations to determine their vertical transmisaibility characteristics and to compare the vibration exposure that results from operating a skidder while being equipped with a suspended seat, as opposed to having an unsuspended one. There was generally good agreement between the transmissibflity characteristics measured in the laboratory and in the field. The results of vibration transmissibility and exposure are helpful in identifying one of the suspension seats as being the most appropriate for attenuating vertical whole-body vibration on skidders, while conforming at the same time to the basic dimensional characteristics and stability required for safe operation of such vehicles.
Environment 22.3.40 (119905)
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. Lighting guide: Areas for visual display terminals. The Institution, London, 1989, 32 pp, 7 refs. The introduction and prolonged use of visual display terminals (VDTs) has often been associated with complaints of fatigue, eyestrain and other symptoms of stress at work. These complaints may be partly, but not entirely, related to psychological stress produced by the change in working patterns that inevitably accompanies the introduction of VDTs. Often VDTs have been introduced into an existing office with little thought for the ergonomics of the installation. Poor workplace layout, unsuitable lighting and inadequate VDTs have all contributed to the incidence of complaints. The purpose of this guide is to alleviate this situation as far as lighting is concerned. To do this,
Wilkinson, W.S. Ergonomic design of library issues/
returns workstations. A systems approach. In: Ergonomics, technology and productivity. Proc 25th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics See of Australia, 2 6 - 2 9 Nov 1989. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, 1989, pp 2 3 9 - 2 4 7 , 3 refs. One of the Work Environment Services' clients, as a result of perceived operator interface mismatches associated with changing from a manual to a computerised library system, agreed to a system appraisal being undertaken in conjunction with consultation with the library staff. This paper describes the design and features selected from the issues/return workstations following task analysis and p r o t o t y p e evaluation. Comment on the limitations imposed by the technical system chosen and potential areas for future development is also given. Positive and negative aspects of the consultative process are also discussed. 22.3.35 (119891)
Charwat, H.]. Arrangement of monitors in control rooms. In: J. Ranta (Ed). Analysis, design and evaluation of m a n - m a c h i n e systems 1988, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1989, pp 1 1 7 - 1 2 5 , 6 refs. The impact, objective, methodology and findings of a study by an interdisciplinary team are presented. The results will be edited as a standardguideline by the German association of engineers 'VDI/VDE'. The paper offers designers of control stations practical rules, dimensions and examples for the arrangement of the CRT-monitorequipped workplaces in control rooms.
22.3.36 (119892)
O'Mara, N., and Ellis, G. The ergonomic design and layout of an electronics technician's laboratory: A case study. In: Ergonomics in work design. Proc 24th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics Soc of Australia, 1 - 4 Dec 1987. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, St Kflda, Western Australia, 1987, pp 1 2 5 - 1 3 5 , 10 refs.
identified including inappropriate workstation design and associated complaints of postural discomfort. Pertinent ergonomics recommendations were proposed to optimise the design and layout of the workstation to ensure comfort and efficiency, to enhance viewing distance and angle to the work object, and concurrently reduce excessive flexion of the spine. The recommendations included the provision of an adjustable workstation incorporating a working platform with inclination adjustment and a suitable chair with a forward tilt feature. 22.3.37 (119895) Kemp, P., Popovic, V., and Scott, A. Killing them softly - meat knife design. In: Ergonomics, technology and productivity. Proc 25th Ann Conf o f the Ergonomics See of Australia, 2 6 - 2 9 Nov 1989. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, Fortitude Valley, Queensland, 1989, pp 2 2 7 - 2 3 8 , 11 refs. This paper covers some issues related to a meat knife design and its development. It outlines the research m e t h o d ology used, design criteria and the design of a slicing and boning knife. It also discusses the worker's resistance to change influenced by new design. In conclusion, it recommends the strategy to be used in order to implement the changes proposed for the improvement of a meat worker's task. 22.3.38 (119896) Stevenson, M.G. An ergonomic study of paint roller widths. In: Ergonomics in work design. Proc 24th Ann Conf of the Ergonomics Soc of Australia, 1 - 4 Dec 1987. Ergonomics Soc of Australia, St Kilda, Western Australia, 1987, 5 1 - 6 0 , 6 refs. Professional painters have a choice of paint roller widths for painting walls and ceilings. At the request of the Painters' and Decorators' Union, a study was made of ergonomics factors which might influence this decision. Three roller widths, 270 mm, 360 mm and 460 mm were compared. Oxygen consumption rates of painters using these rollers were measured at construction sites. The oxygen consumed per square metre of wall covered tended to favour the 360 mm roller. Muscle loads were also measured in a simulated painting job in the laboratory, showing substantially higher efforts needed for the two wider rollers, although these loads were not excessive in terms of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of the muscles concerned.
An investigation was conducted by an ergonomist and an occupational hygienist of an electronics technician's workstation. Several problems were
210
Applied Ergonomics
June 1991
22.3.39 (11899)
Boileau, P.E., and Rakheja, S. Vibration attenuation performance of suspension seats for off-road forestry
vehicles. In t J lndust Ergonomics, 1990, 5 . 3 , 2 7 5 - 2 9 1 , 14 refs. F o u r different types of vertical suspension seats were evaluated in the laboratory and in the field in order to measure their adaptability for attenuating whole-body vibration in log skidders used in the forestry industry. Laboratory testing first consisted of determining the static and dynamic characteristics of the seats, such as the static stiffness of the cushions and suspension systems, and the hysteresis parameters and damping properties of the cushions. The vibration attenuation characteristics of the seats were then measured using a laboratory test rig simuJating a driver workstation. The influence of amplitude of excitation and the variations in seat height on the vibration attenuation performance, of the suspension seats was evaluated for sinusoidal excitations in the frequency range of 0-2-8"0 Hz. The seats were then field-tested during normal skidding operations to determine their vertical transmisaibility characteristics and to compare the vibration exposure that results from operating a skidder while being equipped with a suspended seat, as opposed to having an unsuspended one. There was generally good agreement between the transmissibflity characteristics measured in the laboratory and in the field. The results of vibration transmissibility and exposure are helpful in identifying one of the suspension seats as being the most appropriate for attenuating vertical whole-body vibration on skidders, while conforming at the same time to the basic dimensional characteristics and stability required for safe operation of such vehicles.
Environment 22.3.40 (119905)
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers. Lighting guide: Areas for visual display terminals. The Institution, London, 1989, 32 pp, 7 refs. The introduction and prolonged use of visual display terminals (VDTs) has often been associated with complaints of fatigue, eyestrain and other symptoms of stress at work. These complaints may be partly, but not entirely, related to psychological stress produced by the change in working patterns that inevitably accompanies the introduction of VDTs. Often VDTs have been introduced into an existing office with little thought for the ergonomics of the installation. Poor workplace layout, unsuitable lighting and inadequate VDTs have all contributed to the incidence of complaints. The purpose of this guide is to alleviate this situation as far as lighting is concerned. To do this,