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An fMRI study of discourse coherence in childhood schizophrenia and epilepsy
NemoImage
13, Number
6, 2001, Part 2 of 2 Parts 10
E al@
LANGUAGE
An fMR1 Study of Discourse Coherence in Childhood Schizophrenia and Epilepsy Rochelle Caplan*, Mirella
Dapretto*t,
John MazziottaW
*UCLA Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences ~UCLA Brain Mapping Center $UCL.A Depts. of Neurology & Radiology Introduction. Children with schizophrenia and complex partial seizure disorder (CPS) have thought disorder with impaired use of language to formulate their thoughts.‘,’ Based on fronto-temporal involvement in childhood schizophrenia’ and in the thought disorder of childhood CPS,’ this NRI study examined the fronto-temporal networks that schizophrenic and CPS children used when judging if a conversation made sense (i.e., discourse coherence). Activation
Paradigm.
Twelve audiotaped question-answer pairs were presented during 2 activation runs where the subjects determined if the respondent’s answers to the questions made sense. In one run, the answers were logical or illogical (the reasoning task). In the other run, the answers changed or maintained the conversation topic (the topic maintenance task). Methods. Subjects were 3 schizophrenic children, 3 CPS children, and 8 adults, all native English speakers. Each activation run lasted 2 1Osec, with two activation blocks each lasting 72sec and alternating with 3 rest periods. The presentation order of the two runs was counterbalanced across subjects. Data were collected on a GE 3 Tesla scanner with ANMR upgrade for EPI. For each subject, 70 functional images (TR = 3s; TE = 25ms, matrix size = 64 x 64; FOV = 20cm; 4mm slices/lmm gap) were acquired over 19 axial slices (corresponding to a z of -32 to 58 in Talairach’s coordinates), together with a set of cocps sub&l Schiiophrenio Subi& planar high resolution EPI structural images (TR = 4000s; TE = 65ms; matrix size = 128 x 128; FOV = 20cm). Using AIR,4 each subject’s data were realigned, spatially normalized, and smoothed. Group analyses were conducted with SPM99 using a n Re.sso”i”~ 6-set delayed box-car reference function. 3 TopicMaintenance Results. All statistical comparisons are reported at pc.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, for height, and p<.OOl, uncorrected, for spatial extent. Canonical language areas in fronto-temporal regions (i.e., primary auditory cortices, Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas and their right hemisphere homologues) were activated in both conditions compared to rest. Within this network, task-specific activity was also detected. In the adults, there was greater left hemisphere involvement in the reasoning task and right hemisphere involvement in the topic maintenance task. The schizophrenic and CPS children showed different activation profiles. In the reasoning task, reduced cortical activity was observed in frontal regions for the schizophrenic subjects and in temporal regions for the CPS subjects. In the topic maintenance task, the schizophrenic subjects showed an activation pattern similar to the adults. In contrast. the CPS subjects, two of whom had right temporal epileptic activity, had minimal right temporal activation. Data from one schizophrenic and one CPS subject are shown below.
Despite adequate performance on the activation tasks, reduced activity in frontal and temporal children, respectively, suggest that these disorders differentially impact the development involved in making sense of on-going conversations. References. I. 2. 3. 4.
Caplan et al, J Amer Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, 771 (2000) Caplan et al, ibid, 36, 1286 (1997) Rapaport et al, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, 649 (1999) Woods et al, J Comput Assist Tomography, 22, 141 (1988)
s515
regions in the achijophrenic of fronto-temporal neural
and CPS networks
13, Number
6, 2001, Part 2 of 2 Parts 10
E al@
LANGUAGE
An fMR1 Study of Discourse Coherence in Childhood Schizophrenia and Epilepsy Rochelle Caplan*, Mirella
Dapretto*t,
John MazziottaW
*UCLA Dept. of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences ~UCLA Brain Mapping Center $UCL.A Depts. of Neurology & Radiology Introduction. Children with schizophrenia and complex partial seizure disorder (CPS) have thought disorder with impaired use of language to formulate their thoughts.‘,’ Based on fronto-temporal involvement in childhood schizophrenia’ and in the thought disorder of childhood CPS,’ this NRI study examined the fronto-temporal networks that schizophrenic and CPS children used when judging if a conversation made sense (i.e., discourse coherence). Activation
Paradigm.
Twelve audiotaped question-answer pairs were presented during 2 activation runs where the subjects determined if the respondent’s answers to the questions made sense. In one run, the answers were logical or illogical (the reasoning task). In the other run, the answers changed or maintained the conversation topic (the topic maintenance task). Methods. Subjects were 3 schizophrenic children, 3 CPS children, and 8 adults, all native English speakers. Each activation run lasted 2 1Osec, with two activation blocks each lasting 72sec and alternating with 3 rest periods. The presentation order of the two runs was counterbalanced across subjects. Data were collected on a GE 3 Tesla scanner with ANMR upgrade for EPI. For each subject, 70 functional images (TR = 3s; TE = 25ms, matrix size = 64 x 64; FOV = 20cm; 4mm slices/lmm gap) were acquired over 19 axial slices (corresponding to a z of -32 to 58 in Talairach’s coordinates), together with a set of cocps sub&l Schiiophrenio Subi& planar high resolution EPI structural images (TR = 4000s; TE = 65ms; matrix size = 128 x 128; FOV = 20cm). Using AIR,4 each subject’s data were realigned, spatially normalized, and smoothed. Group analyses were conducted with SPM99 using a n Re.sso”i”~ 6-set delayed box-car reference function. 3 TopicMaintenance Results. All statistical comparisons are reported at pc.05, corrected for multiple comparisons, for height, and p<.OOl, uncorrected, for spatial extent. Canonical language areas in fronto-temporal regions (i.e., primary auditory cortices, Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas and their right hemisphere homologues) were activated in both conditions compared to rest. Within this network, task-specific activity was also detected. In the adults, there was greater left hemisphere involvement in the reasoning task and right hemisphere involvement in the topic maintenance task. The schizophrenic and CPS children showed different activation profiles. In the reasoning task, reduced cortical activity was observed in frontal regions for the schizophrenic subjects and in temporal regions for the CPS subjects. In the topic maintenance task, the schizophrenic subjects showed an activation pattern similar to the adults. In contrast. the CPS subjects, two of whom had right temporal epileptic activity, had minimal right temporal activation. Data from one schizophrenic and one CPS subject are shown below.
Despite adequate performance on the activation tasks, reduced activity in frontal and temporal children, respectively, suggest that these disorders differentially impact the development involved in making sense of on-going conversations. References. I. 2. 3. 4.
Caplan et al, J Amer Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 39, 771 (2000) Caplan et al, ibid, 36, 1286 (1997) Rapaport et al, Arch Gen Psychiatry, 56, 649 (1999) Woods et al, J Comput Assist Tomography, 22, 141 (1988)
s515
regions in the achijophrenic of fronto-temporal neural
and CPS networks