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An internal signal modulates human salt preference independently of taste
206
ABSTRACTS
order: red
We have reported (Clinical Experimental Hypertension, 1985, A7,1681) that increased dietary salt increases salt preference (SP), but not salt recognition threshold (SRT) in human volunteers. To test if this change was due solely to increased salt taste stimulation or some internal effect of ingested salt, we examined whether untasted salt tablets (120 mmol/day), while on a low salt diet for 2 weeks, alters SP when compared to placebo. SP, SRT, urinary and salivary electrolytes were measured on day 14 of each dietary period. SP was significantly reduced on salt supplements, SRT and salivary electrolytes were unchanged. Thus SP can be altered by an internal signal sensitive to the level of dietary salt and independent of the peripheral taste apparatus. Sensory Preferences for Sugar and Fat: Evidence Involvement. ADAM DREWNOWSKI, BLAKE GOSNELL, DEAN
for
Opioid
D. KRAHN and KAREN CAN U M. Human Nutrition Program and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., USA.
Nine normal-weight females (mean age 31.4 years; weight 14@7lbs) were infused with opioid antagonist naloxone (6 mg bolus followed by 0.1 mg/kg/h i.v. drip for 2.5 h) opioid agonist butorphanol(1 pg/kg bolus) or saline placebo, using a double-blind, randomized, within-subjects design. Taste stimuli were milk or cream (3-37x fat, weight/weight), sweetened with 0,5,10,20 or 40% sucrose weight/weight. Preference ratings rose following butorphanol and were reduced following naloxone. Perception of sweetness intensity was not affected. Intake of sweet foods (chocolate, cookies) was reduced by naloxone: the drop in fat calories (59%) was significant. Opioid peptides may be involved in reported cravings for palatable foods. Supported by NIDA Grant DA05471. Relationship
Between
J. DUHAULT
and F. LACOUR.
Fenfluramine
Effects
and
Adiposity
Status.
lnstitut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France.
dl-Fenfluramine (dlF) was administered (1 mg/kg x 2/day p.o.) for 16 days in 11 and 52 week old rats (SD-CD) (adiposity: 52 weeks > 11 weeks). On the 17th day an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed after an 18 h fast. Under treatment body weight gain differed according to adiposity (11 weeks vs. 52 weeks): day 3: - 3.5% vs. - 4%; day 16: + 4% vs. - 8%. During IVGTT: treated group did not differ from control group in 11 week old rats. In 52 week old rats an improvement in the k values was observed in treated group vs. control group (3.14 x IO-’ vs. 2.85 x IO-‘) and basal plasma I.R.Insulin @g/ml) was decreased by 47% after treatment (17.69+ 1.54 vs. 33.87 f9.78 in control group). The conclusion was that in mature overweight rats dlF displays a sustained activity with a significant effect of the therapeutic dose. As previously reported by N. E. Rowland (1986) such a low dosage fails to decrease brain 5HT levels. Effects of Hypothalamic Injection of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Electrophysiological Sympathetic Nerve Activity to (CRH) on Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue (IBAT) and Feeding Behavior. M. EGAWA, H. YOSHIMATSU and G. A. BRAY. USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. and Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
We tested the hypothesis that CRH plays a role in controlling the sympathetic nerve to IBAT and feeding behavior. The multi-unit discharges of sympathetic nerves to IBAT were
ABSTRACTS
order: red
We have reported (Clinical Experimental Hypertension, 1985, A7,1681) that increased dietary salt increases salt preference (SP), but not salt recognition threshold (SRT) in human volunteers. To test if this change was due solely to increased salt taste stimulation or some internal effect of ingested salt, we examined whether untasted salt tablets (120 mmol/day), while on a low salt diet for 2 weeks, alters SP when compared to placebo. SP, SRT, urinary and salivary electrolytes were measured on day 14 of each dietary period. SP was significantly reduced on salt supplements, SRT and salivary electrolytes were unchanged. Thus SP can be altered by an internal signal sensitive to the level of dietary salt and independent of the peripheral taste apparatus. Sensory Preferences for Sugar and Fat: Evidence Involvement. ADAM DREWNOWSKI, BLAKE GOSNELL, DEAN
for
Opioid
D. KRAHN and KAREN CAN U M. Human Nutrition Program and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI., USA.
Nine normal-weight females (mean age 31.4 years; weight 14@7lbs) were infused with opioid antagonist naloxone (6 mg bolus followed by 0.1 mg/kg/h i.v. drip for 2.5 h) opioid agonist butorphanol(1 pg/kg bolus) or saline placebo, using a double-blind, randomized, within-subjects design. Taste stimuli were milk or cream (3-37x fat, weight/weight), sweetened with 0,5,10,20 or 40% sucrose weight/weight. Preference ratings rose following butorphanol and were reduced following naloxone. Perception of sweetness intensity was not affected. Intake of sweet foods (chocolate, cookies) was reduced by naloxone: the drop in fat calories (59%) was significant. Opioid peptides may be involved in reported cravings for palatable foods. Supported by NIDA Grant DA05471. Relationship
Between
J. DUHAULT
and F. LACOUR.
Fenfluramine
Effects
and
Adiposity
Status.
lnstitut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France.
dl-Fenfluramine (dlF) was administered (1 mg/kg x 2/day p.o.) for 16 days in 11 and 52 week old rats (SD-CD) (adiposity: 52 weeks > 11 weeks). On the 17th day an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed after an 18 h fast. Under treatment body weight gain differed according to adiposity (11 weeks vs. 52 weeks): day 3: - 3.5% vs. - 4%; day 16: + 4% vs. - 8%. During IVGTT: treated group did not differ from control group in 11 week old rats. In 52 week old rats an improvement in the k values was observed in treated group vs. control group (3.14 x IO-’ vs. 2.85 x IO-‘) and basal plasma I.R.Insulin @g/ml) was decreased by 47% after treatment (17.69+ 1.54 vs. 33.87 f9.78 in control group). The conclusion was that in mature overweight rats dlF displays a sustained activity with a significant effect of the therapeutic dose. As previously reported by N. E. Rowland (1986) such a low dosage fails to decrease brain 5HT levels. Effects of Hypothalamic Injection of Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Electrophysiological Sympathetic Nerve Activity to (CRH) on Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue (IBAT) and Feeding Behavior. M. EGAWA, H. YOSHIMATSU and G. A. BRAY. USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. and Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.
We tested the hypothesis that CRH plays a role in controlling the sympathetic nerve to IBAT and feeding behavior. The multi-unit discharges of sympathetic nerves to IBAT were