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An investigation into possible back profiles for reclined seats in air-to-air combat aircraft. Royal Aircraft Establishment Flight Systems
being built up from a limited set of elements and a few rules for combining them and that the production technique provided useful information about the nature of the elements and rules. Subjects employed several classes of elements performing syntactically different functions in their drawings. Although the experiments described may help to improve the standard of instructions, users will encounter difficulties even with the best instructions if telecommunications engineers fail to design systems which are easy to use.
Oct 1977, 7, 4 - 8 . Abstr in: Lighting Research and Technology. Open plan offices have led to the development of special furniture and, more recently, the incentive of energy conservation has led to the incorporation of lighting in this furniture. To study its effectiveness, a number of scale models have been produced. In one application where computer visual display units replace type-writers reflected glare problems are introduced from the inclined picture tubes.
10.2.28 (75806)
Workplace layout and equipment design
Smith, S.W., and Rea, M.S. Proofreading under different levels of illumination. Journal o f the illuminating Engineering Society, Oct 1978, 8.1, 4 7 - 5 2 .
10.2.26 (75781) Oldfield, D.E., Port, W.G., and Chisman, S.W. An investigation into possible back profiles for reclined seats in air-to-air combat aircraft. Royal Aircraft Establishment Flight Systems Department, Farnborough, Technical Report No TR 78013, Feb 1978. Abstr in: Royal Aircraft Estabhshment, Library List C.
The subjects' task in this experiment involved proofreading of paragraphs for misspelled words. Four young and four older subjects served in the experiment. It is concluded that age, print quality and illumination level significantly affect performance. Results indicate that performance improves with illumination and good print quality is more important for older subjects than for young subjects
Current interest in air-to-air combat has generated increased consideration of the use of a reclined seat as a means of improving the pilot's capability to withstand high g. However, it has recently been suggested that it might not be reasonable to design a seat in which the pilot needed to rest his head on a headrest for prolonged periods during normal flying. This report covers work on the profile of a reclined seat and an estimate of the probable improvement in relaxed grey-out threshold to be expected if the seat were designed so that the pilot was able to hold his head in a comfortable normal upright position without using a headrest. It was shown that a reclined seat designed in this way gave only minor improvement in relaxed grey-out threshold compared with a conventional upright seat, and the improvement was significantly less than had been found with seats in which the pilot needed to place his head on a headrest. These results point clearly to the need for serious consideration to be given to the headrest aspect of reclined seat design.
Noise 10.2.29 (75819) Cant, S.M. Noise dose assessment of the logging industry. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec 1977, 3 8 . 1 2 , 7 2 6 - 7 3 0 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 78-822). A field survey was performed with yarders, log loaders, rubber tyred skidders, tractors, log trucks, rock drilling apparatus and chain saws. Noise dose exposures (measured by personal dosimetry) were 0' I - 13"9 (taking the noise dose standard recommended in the United States by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as 1"0, that is, the equivalent to an exposure to 90 dBA for 8 h. The proposed OSHA action level of 0"5 was exceeded by the mean for each equipment category.
noise for some 15 years. Results confirm that empirical rules predicting exponential growth and recovery of temporary threshold shift during and after a work day apply in men who have significant permanent threshold shift from repeated exposure to the same noise for several years. 10.2.31 (75839)
Howell, R.W. A seven-year review of measured hearing levels in male manual steelworkers with high initial thresholds. British Journal o f Industrial Medicine, 1978, 35, 2 7 - 3 1 . Audiometric records of 449 male manual steelworkers were reviewed to see whether the hearing of men with high initial threshold levels deteriorated more rapidly than that of those men with more normal thresholds when exposed to similar noise levels. Subjects were between 15 and 54 years old at the time of the initial examination, and had a repeat audiogram 6 - 8 years later. They were classified into three occupational noise exposure groups: below 90 dB(A), 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A), and 100 dB(A) or over, without knowledge of their audiometric threshold levels, age, or aural history. Measurements at 0-5, l, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz for the right ear were considered, first as the mean for all six frequencies, then for 0"5, t and 2 kHz only, and finally for 6 kHz only. After standardisation for age, it was found that those in the high initial threshold groups deteriorated no faster than the remainder of the series. At the 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A) noise exposure level, X2 tests showed that the differences between the groups, in terms of mean measured hearing loss, were not significant at the 0"05 probability level. The age-standardised mean threshold shifts for the 0 " 5 - 6 kHz range of frequencies over the sevenyear review period were 7"5, 8.7 and 7-1 dB at a noise exposure level of 100 dB(A) or more, for workers with an initial threshold level of 12 dB, 1 2 - 2 6 dB and > 26 dB respectively; for those exposed to noise of 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A) the corresponding mean shifts were 7"8, 6.8 and 7"3 dB respectively; while for those exposed to noise of less than 90 dB(A) the mean shifts were 6"2, 5"0 and 5'2 dB respectively.
10.2.30 (75838)
Hetu, H., and Parrot, J.
Illumination 10.2.27 (75804)
Lemons, T.M., and Cole, J.M.
A field evaluation of noise-induced temporary threshold shift. A merican Industrial Hygiene Association Journal Apr 1978, 3 9 . 4 , 3 0 1 - 3 1 1 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 78-1279).
Scale models used to investigate office task lit systems furniture. Lighting Design an d A pplica tion,
116
AppliedErgonomics June 1979
Six hearing tests were performed on two consecutive days in nine brewery workers exposed to bottling
Vibration 10.2.32 (75850) International Organization for Standardization Guide for the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration.
Oct 1977, 7, 4 - 8 . Abstr in: Lighting Research and Technology. Open plan offices have led to the development of special furniture and, more recently, the incentive of energy conservation has led to the incorporation of lighting in this furniture. To study its effectiveness, a number of scale models have been produced. In one application where computer visual display units replace type-writers reflected glare problems are introduced from the inclined picture tubes.
10.2.28 (75806)
Workplace layout and equipment design
Smith, S.W., and Rea, M.S. Proofreading under different levels of illumination. Journal o f the illuminating Engineering Society, Oct 1978, 8.1, 4 7 - 5 2 .
10.2.26 (75781) Oldfield, D.E., Port, W.G., and Chisman, S.W. An investigation into possible back profiles for reclined seats in air-to-air combat aircraft. Royal Aircraft Establishment Flight Systems Department, Farnborough, Technical Report No TR 78013, Feb 1978. Abstr in: Royal Aircraft Estabhshment, Library List C.
The subjects' task in this experiment involved proofreading of paragraphs for misspelled words. Four young and four older subjects served in the experiment. It is concluded that age, print quality and illumination level significantly affect performance. Results indicate that performance improves with illumination and good print quality is more important for older subjects than for young subjects
Current interest in air-to-air combat has generated increased consideration of the use of a reclined seat as a means of improving the pilot's capability to withstand high g. However, it has recently been suggested that it might not be reasonable to design a seat in which the pilot needed to rest his head on a headrest for prolonged periods during normal flying. This report covers work on the profile of a reclined seat and an estimate of the probable improvement in relaxed grey-out threshold to be expected if the seat were designed so that the pilot was able to hold his head in a comfortable normal upright position without using a headrest. It was shown that a reclined seat designed in this way gave only minor improvement in relaxed grey-out threshold compared with a conventional upright seat, and the improvement was significantly less than had been found with seats in which the pilot needed to place his head on a headrest. These results point clearly to the need for serious consideration to be given to the headrest aspect of reclined seat design.
Noise 10.2.29 (75819) Cant, S.M. Noise dose assessment of the logging industry. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Dec 1977, 3 8 . 1 2 , 7 2 6 - 7 3 0 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 78-822). A field survey was performed with yarders, log loaders, rubber tyred skidders, tractors, log trucks, rock drilling apparatus and chain saws. Noise dose exposures (measured by personal dosimetry) were 0' I - 13"9 (taking the noise dose standard recommended in the United States by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as 1"0, that is, the equivalent to an exposure to 90 dBA for 8 h. The proposed OSHA action level of 0"5 was exceeded by the mean for each equipment category.
noise for some 15 years. Results confirm that empirical rules predicting exponential growth and recovery of temporary threshold shift during and after a work day apply in men who have significant permanent threshold shift from repeated exposure to the same noise for several years. 10.2.31 (75839)
Howell, R.W. A seven-year review of measured hearing levels in male manual steelworkers with high initial thresholds. British Journal o f Industrial Medicine, 1978, 35, 2 7 - 3 1 . Audiometric records of 449 male manual steelworkers were reviewed to see whether the hearing of men with high initial threshold levels deteriorated more rapidly than that of those men with more normal thresholds when exposed to similar noise levels. Subjects were between 15 and 54 years old at the time of the initial examination, and had a repeat audiogram 6 - 8 years later. They were classified into three occupational noise exposure groups: below 90 dB(A), 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A), and 100 dB(A) or over, without knowledge of their audiometric threshold levels, age, or aural history. Measurements at 0-5, l, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz for the right ear were considered, first as the mean for all six frequencies, then for 0"5, t and 2 kHz only, and finally for 6 kHz only. After standardisation for age, it was found that those in the high initial threshold groups deteriorated no faster than the remainder of the series. At the 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A) noise exposure level, X2 tests showed that the differences between the groups, in terms of mean measured hearing loss, were not significant at the 0"05 probability level. The age-standardised mean threshold shifts for the 0 " 5 - 6 kHz range of frequencies over the sevenyear review period were 7"5, 8.7 and 7-1 dB at a noise exposure level of 100 dB(A) or more, for workers with an initial threshold level of 12 dB, 1 2 - 2 6 dB and > 26 dB respectively; for those exposed to noise of 9 0 - 9 9 dB(A) the corresponding mean shifts were 7"8, 6.8 and 7"3 dB respectively; while for those exposed to noise of less than 90 dB(A) the mean shifts were 6"2, 5"0 and 5'2 dB respectively.
10.2.30 (75838)
Hetu, H., and Parrot, J.
Illumination 10.2.27 (75804)
Lemons, T.M., and Cole, J.M.
A field evaluation of noise-induced temporary threshold shift. A merican Industrial Hygiene Association Journal Apr 1978, 3 9 . 4 , 3 0 1 - 3 1 1 . Abstr in: CIS Abstracts (CIS 78-1279).
Scale models used to investigate office task lit systems furniture. Lighting Design an d A pplica tion,
116
AppliedErgonomics June 1979
Six hearing tests were performed on two consecutive days in nine brewery workers exposed to bottling
Vibration 10.2.32 (75850) International Organization for Standardization Guide for the evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration.