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Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses
127A identification, including gas transport paths, is discussed. Sealing of high permeability zones by grout or membranes and installation of adequate ventilation are among the safety measures employed.
masses with planes of transverse isotropy, or joint planes, parallel to or normal to the hole longitudinal axis and under plane strain or plane stress conditions are considered. Applications of the analyses to interpretation of in situ tests are presented.
922424 Study of tunnel shape and invert design in relation to stability in stratified rock conditions prone to heaving behaviour Whittaker, B N; Reddish, D J Proc 7tumeUing ~1, London, 14-18 April 1991 P79-90. Pubi London: Elsevier, 1991
922428 Undrained stability of shallow square tunnel Assadi, A; Sloan, S W J Geotech Engng Die .4SCE 11117, NS, Aug 1991. P11521173
The stratified nature of the tunnel face can cause many problems including overbreak, especially if strata are sensitive to changes in stress or moisture conditions. Proneness to buckling under high horizontal stress can lead to floor heave. Tunnel shape, support, and invert design aspects in horizontally stratified rocks are discussed. Field data and finite element analyses are used to illustrate the main design points. 922425 Milwaukee's Water Street tunnel, a case history Budd, T H; Cooney, A M Proc 1989 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, Los Angeles, 11-14 June 1989 P432-448. Publ Littleton: SME, 1989 The Water Street tunnel is beneath an urban area in alluvial and estuarine deposits, about 7.6m below the water table. Contract specifications excluded use of dewatering. About 97m into the 152m drive, the earth pressure balanced TBM deflected downwards in excess of 200rnm, beyond correction by the articulation mechanism of the machine. Causes of the settlement are discussed, and rescue of the TBM and completion of the drive by hand mining are described. The settlement, which could not have been foreseen, added 50% to the cost of the project.
Stresses around underground openings 922426 Borehole stresses created by downhole seismic sources. Short note Winbow, G A Geophysics V56, N7, July 1991, P1055-1057
Undrained stability of a shallow square tunnel under plane strain loading is examined using finite element formulations of upper and lower bound theorems of classical plasticity, The soil is assumed perfectly plastic with a linearized Tresca yield criterion. Both solutions lead to large linear programming problems. The solutions define a statically admissible stress field (lower bound) and a kinematically admissible velocity field (upper bound). Collapse loads typically bracket exact collapse loads within 15"/o or better. 922429 Effect of loading hi~ory on stress generation due to inelastic
deformations around deep-level tabular stupes Kuijpers, J S; Napier, J A L J S Aft Inst Min Metall V91, N6, June 1991, P183-194 It is demonstrated that the horizontal stress induced by creation of a tabular stope in a single step is always tensile at the centre the stope span for any realistic constitutive model, but that sequential mining will always generate compressive stresses in hangingwalls and footwalis. A stress distribution mechanism is developed which explains the results from elastic, single step inelastic, and multiple step inelastic approaches. The stress distribution has important effects on orientation and presence of fractures in the stope. Preconditioning of the rock mass may be important to development of stresses support and possibly mining method may also have significant influence. 922430 Analytical investigation of the behaviour of a soil-steel structure Karim, M R Proc International Symposium on Computer and Physical Modelh'ng in Geoteclmical Engineering, Bangkok, 3-6 December 1986 P399-404. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
Stresses induced by downhole seismic sources used for crosshole or VSP methods have been evaluated. Pressures as high as 7MPa may arise, which will not affect the steel casing, but may crack the cement due to hoop stresses or loosen the casing-cement bond due to shear stresses. It is not considered that problems will arise where the source acts along a length of a borehole, but difficulties may arise with more compact explosive sources, and there may be constraints on the performance of vertical vibrators.
A two dimensional nonlinear plane strain based computer program has been developed for the analysis of the interaction between soil and corrugated culverts. Nonlinear behaviour of soil is incorporated in the finite element analysis using an incremental solution technique. The culvert material is assumed linearly elastic. The distribution of stresses and the effects of depth of cover, structural stiffness, and the soil Poisson's ratio were examined. Based on this analysis, appropriate parameters relevant to the design of soil-steel structures are evaluated.
922427 Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses Amadei, B; Savage, W Z lnt J Rock Mech Min Sci V28, 315, Sept 1991, P383-396
922431 Storage of natural gas at high pressure in fined rock caverns rock mechanical analysis Larsson, H; Glamheden, R; Ahrling, G Proc International Conference on Storage of Gases in Rock Caverns, Trandhclm, 26-28 June 1989 P177-184. Pub[ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
Deformability of the rock mass is often calculated from results of borehole NX-jack or dilatometer tests or gallery tests in tunnels. Closed form solutions ofAmad¢i and Savage based on the theory of elasticity for anisotropic media are used to examine the effects of rock anisotropy on the modulus of deformation. Transversely isotropic and regularly jointed rock
Analysis of storage caverns containing gas at pressures up to 15MPa is presented. The case considered is upright cylindrical caverns of diameter 35-40rn, height 65-70m, at depths 100200m. Bchaviour of the jointed rock mass in response to
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted
masses with planes of transverse isotropy, or joint planes, parallel to or normal to the hole longitudinal axis and under plane strain or plane stress conditions are considered. Applications of the analyses to interpretation of in situ tests are presented.
922424 Study of tunnel shape and invert design in relation to stability in stratified rock conditions prone to heaving behaviour Whittaker, B N; Reddish, D J Proc 7tumeUing ~1, London, 14-18 April 1991 P79-90. Pubi London: Elsevier, 1991
922428 Undrained stability of shallow square tunnel Assadi, A; Sloan, S W J Geotech Engng Die .4SCE 11117, NS, Aug 1991. P11521173
The stratified nature of the tunnel face can cause many problems including overbreak, especially if strata are sensitive to changes in stress or moisture conditions. Proneness to buckling under high horizontal stress can lead to floor heave. Tunnel shape, support, and invert design aspects in horizontally stratified rocks are discussed. Field data and finite element analyses are used to illustrate the main design points. 922425 Milwaukee's Water Street tunnel, a case history Budd, T H; Cooney, A M Proc 1989 Rapid Excavation and Tunnelling Conference, Los Angeles, 11-14 June 1989 P432-448. Publ Littleton: SME, 1989 The Water Street tunnel is beneath an urban area in alluvial and estuarine deposits, about 7.6m below the water table. Contract specifications excluded use of dewatering. About 97m into the 152m drive, the earth pressure balanced TBM deflected downwards in excess of 200rnm, beyond correction by the articulation mechanism of the machine. Causes of the settlement are discussed, and rescue of the TBM and completion of the drive by hand mining are described. The settlement, which could not have been foreseen, added 50% to the cost of the project.
Stresses around underground openings 922426 Borehole stresses created by downhole seismic sources. Short note Winbow, G A Geophysics V56, N7, July 1991, P1055-1057
Undrained stability of a shallow square tunnel under plane strain loading is examined using finite element formulations of upper and lower bound theorems of classical plasticity, The soil is assumed perfectly plastic with a linearized Tresca yield criterion. Both solutions lead to large linear programming problems. The solutions define a statically admissible stress field (lower bound) and a kinematically admissible velocity field (upper bound). Collapse loads typically bracket exact collapse loads within 15"/o or better. 922429 Effect of loading hi~ory on stress generation due to inelastic
deformations around deep-level tabular stupes Kuijpers, J S; Napier, J A L J S Aft Inst Min Metall V91, N6, June 1991, P183-194 It is demonstrated that the horizontal stress induced by creation of a tabular stope in a single step is always tensile at the centre the stope span for any realistic constitutive model, but that sequential mining will always generate compressive stresses in hangingwalls and footwalis. A stress distribution mechanism is developed which explains the results from elastic, single step inelastic, and multiple step inelastic approaches. The stress distribution has important effects on orientation and presence of fractures in the stope. Preconditioning of the rock mass may be important to development of stresses support and possibly mining method may also have significant influence. 922430 Analytical investigation of the behaviour of a soil-steel structure Karim, M R Proc International Symposium on Computer and Physical Modelh'ng in Geoteclmical Engineering, Bangkok, 3-6 December 1986 P399-404. Publ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
Stresses induced by downhole seismic sources used for crosshole or VSP methods have been evaluated. Pressures as high as 7MPa may arise, which will not affect the steel casing, but may crack the cement due to hoop stresses or loosen the casing-cement bond due to shear stresses. It is not considered that problems will arise where the source acts along a length of a borehole, but difficulties may arise with more compact explosive sources, and there may be constraints on the performance of vertical vibrators.
A two dimensional nonlinear plane strain based computer program has been developed for the analysis of the interaction between soil and corrugated culverts. Nonlinear behaviour of soil is incorporated in the finite element analysis using an incremental solution technique. The culvert material is assumed linearly elastic. The distribution of stresses and the effects of depth of cover, structural stiffness, and the soil Poisson's ratio were examined. Based on this analysis, appropriate parameters relevant to the design of soil-steel structures are evaluated.
922427 Analysis of borehole expansion and gallery tests in anisotropic rock masses Amadei, B; Savage, W Z lnt J Rock Mech Min Sci V28, 315, Sept 1991, P383-396
922431 Storage of natural gas at high pressure in fined rock caverns rock mechanical analysis Larsson, H; Glamheden, R; Ahrling, G Proc International Conference on Storage of Gases in Rock Caverns, Trandhclm, 26-28 June 1989 P177-184. Pub[ Rotterdam: A A Balkema, 1989
Deformability of the rock mass is often calculated from results of borehole NX-jack or dilatometer tests or gallery tests in tunnels. Closed form solutions ofAmad¢i and Savage based on the theory of elasticity for anisotropic media are used to examine the effects of rock anisotropy on the modulus of deformation. Transversely isotropic and regularly jointed rock
Analysis of storage caverns containing gas at pressures up to 15MPa is presented. The case considered is upright cylindrical caverns of diameter 35-40rn, height 65-70m, at depths 100200m. Bchaviour of the jointed rock mass in response to
© 1992 Pergamon Press Ltd. Reproduction not permitted