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Analysis of cyclic fluctuations in digital plethysmography and their relationship to autonomic function
91
pretreatment with 0.1 mM phentolamine and propranolol. In conclusion, we suggest that histamines influence glucagon secretion in the pancreas, and that they exert their effect, at least in part, through the adrenergic nervous system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 316-323, 1989)
Monoamine oxidase-containing nerve fibers in major cerebral arteries of rat Kazuo Shigematsu 1, Ichiro Akiguchi 1, N o b u y u k i Oka i K a m e y a m a 3 and Toshihiro Maeda 4
Kozo Matsubayashi 2, Masakuni
I Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2 Department of Medicine and Geriatrics. Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan, 3 Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan. and 4 Department of Anatomy, Shiga Medical School. Otsu, Japan
The density of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the major cerebral arteries of the rat was examined and analysed quantitatively with an immunohistochemical staining method for monoamine oxidase. Monoamine oxidase-containing axons were distributed more densely in the artery of the anterior circulation than in those of the posterior circulation. The percentage of labelled fibers in the adventitia of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery and basilar artery was 32.3, 29.5, 29.6, and 21.1, respectively. These figures indicate the extent of sympathetic innervation of each major cerebral artery. In the peri-adventitial nerve bundles, monoamine oxidase was present in 10.8% of all unmyelinated nerve fibers and in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Therefore, monoamine oxidase-positive staining is considered useful in demonstrating peri-adventitial fibers, preterminal fibers and nerve endings, of sympathetic nerves, especially at the electron microscopic level. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 324-328, 1989)
Analysis of cyclic fluctuations in digital plethysmography and their relationship to autonomic function Ryoichi Toshima, Hiroko Toshima, Masayuki Miyajima, Kazutaka Matsui, Sadamoto Shimojo and Tadashi Miyahara Second Department of Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
We analysed cyclic fluctuations in pulse-pulse intervals and wave heights in the digital plethysmogram and assessed their relationship to the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The subjects were tested in the supine position in a quiet room, digital recording of optical plethysmography were made, and the power spectra of the two parameters were computed using Fourier analysis, In healthy adults, the respiratory cycle was the major component of pulse-pulse interval fluctuations, whereas wave height fluctuations consisted largely of components of lower frequency than the respiratory cycle. After administration of phentolamine, pulse-pulse interval fluctuations were almost completely unaffected, whereas wave height fluctuations were markedly suppressed, especially the components of frequency lower than the respiratory cycle. The observations suggest that fluctuations in wave height are predominantly mediated by the sympathetic nervous system with rhythms of frequency lower than the respiratory cycle,
92
whereas pulse-pulse interval fluctuations, which are almost equal to the R-R interval in the electrocardiogram, are mainly affected by the parasympathetic nervous system in parallel with the respiratory rhythm. In conclusion, measurements of the coefficient of variance of pulse-pulse interval and of wave height produce, simultaneously and non-invasively, an estimate of the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 367-372, 1989)
Experimental study of renal sympathetic nerve activity during left ventricular assist device pumping T o m o y u k i Y a m b e ~, Shin-ichi N i t t a ~, Y o s h i a k i K a t a h i r a ~, T a r o h S o n o b e ~, M o t o n a o T a n a k a 2 M a k o t o M i u r a 2, H i t o s h i M o h r i 2, M a k o t o Y o s h i z a w a 3 a n d H i r o s h i T a k e d a 3 I Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Research Institute for Chest Diseases and Cancer, 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and 3 Faculty of Engineering. Tohoku Universi(v, Sendai, Japan
To assess the effect of left ventricular assist device pumping on sympathetic nerve activity, we investigated renal sympathetic nerve activity in acute experiments on dogs. Our TH-7B pneumatically driven sac-type ventricular assist device was used in the experiments. In seven dogs a bipolar electrode was attached to the left renal sympathetic nerve via a retroperitoneal approach and the nerve activity was recorded. When the sympathetic nerve activity was detected, the information was amplified and integrated by means of an R-C integrator circuit. The area of the integrated nerve discharges was processed in the computer for a given period of time and it represented the amount of renal sympathetic nerve activity per unit of time. During left ventricular assist device pumping, renal sympathetic nerve activity decreased in parallel with the increase in aortic pressure and in pulmonary artery flow and to the decrease in left atrial pressure. These data suggest that the left ventricular assist device affects the sympathetic nervous system by an increase or a decrease in tone mediated by the aortic and cardiopulmonary baroreflex system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 373-379, 1989)
Effect of the ~2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on urinary bladder function A t s u k o Suzuki, H a r u e Suzuki a n d A k i o S a t o Department of Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
The effect of the fl2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on urinary bladder function was tested on artificially ventilated rats under urethane-chloralose anaesthesia. When intravesical pressure was maintained at low levels (50-110 m m H 2 0 ) , intravenous injection of clenbuterol at doses of 10 to 1000 # g / k g reduced intravesical pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The response was observed even after bilateral section of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves, The discharge activity in pelvic afferent nerve fibers originating in the bladder was significantly reduced by clenbuterol. When vesical volume was expanded with water to increase intravesical pressure to 180-340 m m H20, the bladder exhibited rhythmic micturition contractions produced by rhythmic burst discharges in the pelvic efferent nerves. Clenbuterol, however, did not influence the ongoing discharges in the hypogastric nerves, nor did it influence synaptic transmission
pretreatment with 0.1 mM phentolamine and propranolol. In conclusion, we suggest that histamines influence glucagon secretion in the pancreas, and that they exert their effect, at least in part, through the adrenergic nervous system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 316-323, 1989)
Monoamine oxidase-containing nerve fibers in major cerebral arteries of rat Kazuo Shigematsu 1, Ichiro Akiguchi 1, N o b u y u k i Oka i K a m e y a m a 3 and Toshihiro Maeda 4
Kozo Matsubayashi 2, Masakuni
I Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, 2 Department of Medicine and Geriatrics. Kochi Medical School, Kochi, Japan, 3 Sumitomo Hospital, Osaka, Japan. and 4 Department of Anatomy, Shiga Medical School. Otsu, Japan
The density of post-ganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers innervating the major cerebral arteries of the rat was examined and analysed quantitatively with an immunohistochemical staining method for monoamine oxidase. Monoamine oxidase-containing axons were distributed more densely in the artery of the anterior circulation than in those of the posterior circulation. The percentage of labelled fibers in the adventitia of the anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, internal carotid artery and basilar artery was 32.3, 29.5, 29.6, and 21.1, respectively. These figures indicate the extent of sympathetic innervation of each major cerebral artery. In the peri-adventitial nerve bundles, monoamine oxidase was present in 10.8% of all unmyelinated nerve fibers and in Schwann cell cytoplasm. Therefore, monoamine oxidase-positive staining is considered useful in demonstrating peri-adventitial fibers, preterminal fibers and nerve endings, of sympathetic nerves, especially at the electron microscopic level. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 324-328, 1989)
Analysis of cyclic fluctuations in digital plethysmography and their relationship to autonomic function Ryoichi Toshima, Hiroko Toshima, Masayuki Miyajima, Kazutaka Matsui, Sadamoto Shimojo and Tadashi Miyahara Second Department of Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
We analysed cyclic fluctuations in pulse-pulse intervals and wave heights in the digital plethysmogram and assessed their relationship to the activity of the autonomic nervous system. The subjects were tested in the supine position in a quiet room, digital recording of optical plethysmography were made, and the power spectra of the two parameters were computed using Fourier analysis, In healthy adults, the respiratory cycle was the major component of pulse-pulse interval fluctuations, whereas wave height fluctuations consisted largely of components of lower frequency than the respiratory cycle. After administration of phentolamine, pulse-pulse interval fluctuations were almost completely unaffected, whereas wave height fluctuations were markedly suppressed, especially the components of frequency lower than the respiratory cycle. The observations suggest that fluctuations in wave height are predominantly mediated by the sympathetic nervous system with rhythms of frequency lower than the respiratory cycle,
92
whereas pulse-pulse interval fluctuations, which are almost equal to the R-R interval in the electrocardiogram, are mainly affected by the parasympathetic nervous system in parallel with the respiratory rhythm. In conclusion, measurements of the coefficient of variance of pulse-pulse interval and of wave height produce, simultaneously and non-invasively, an estimate of the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 367-372, 1989)
Experimental study of renal sympathetic nerve activity during left ventricular assist device pumping T o m o y u k i Y a m b e ~, Shin-ichi N i t t a ~, Y o s h i a k i K a t a h i r a ~, T a r o h S o n o b e ~, M o t o n a o T a n a k a 2 M a k o t o M i u r a 2, H i t o s h i M o h r i 2, M a k o t o Y o s h i z a w a 3 a n d H i r o s h i T a k e d a 3 I Department of Medical Engineering and Cardiology, Research Institute for Chest Diseases and Cancer, 2 Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, and 3 Faculty of Engineering. Tohoku Universi(v, Sendai, Japan
To assess the effect of left ventricular assist device pumping on sympathetic nerve activity, we investigated renal sympathetic nerve activity in acute experiments on dogs. Our TH-7B pneumatically driven sac-type ventricular assist device was used in the experiments. In seven dogs a bipolar electrode was attached to the left renal sympathetic nerve via a retroperitoneal approach and the nerve activity was recorded. When the sympathetic nerve activity was detected, the information was amplified and integrated by means of an R-C integrator circuit. The area of the integrated nerve discharges was processed in the computer for a given period of time and it represented the amount of renal sympathetic nerve activity per unit of time. During left ventricular assist device pumping, renal sympathetic nerve activity decreased in parallel with the increase in aortic pressure and in pulmonary artery flow and to the decrease in left atrial pressure. These data suggest that the left ventricular assist device affects the sympathetic nervous system by an increase or a decrease in tone mediated by the aortic and cardiopulmonary baroreflex system. (The Autonomic Nervous System, 26: 373-379, 1989)
Effect of the ~2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on urinary bladder function A t s u k o Suzuki, H a r u e Suzuki a n d A k i o S a t o Department of Physiology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
The effect of the fl2-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol on urinary bladder function was tested on artificially ventilated rats under urethane-chloralose anaesthesia. When intravesical pressure was maintained at low levels (50-110 m m H 2 0 ) , intravenous injection of clenbuterol at doses of 10 to 1000 # g / k g reduced intravesical pressure in a dose-dependent manner. The response was observed even after bilateral section of the pelvic and hypogastric nerves, The discharge activity in pelvic afferent nerve fibers originating in the bladder was significantly reduced by clenbuterol. When vesical volume was expanded with water to increase intravesical pressure to 180-340 m m H20, the bladder exhibited rhythmic micturition contractions produced by rhythmic burst discharges in the pelvic efferent nerves. Clenbuterol, however, did not influence the ongoing discharges in the hypogastric nerves, nor did it influence synaptic transmission