Analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds

A. Bader: Biotechnology

A. Langsch,

and Bioengineering 76(2) (September

115-125

calculating also

membrane

been

minimum

2001).

membrane

calculated

Analysis of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds The

construction,

and testing a

is

(MIMS)

membrane

long

diameter

and

60

positioned

cm

long)

mm mm

of

thickness.

relatively

counter-current

on

geometry air

detection semivolatile

and

allows

of

volatile

organic

environmental

of

response

characterized

of

over 3 to 4 orders by short

is

rise and fall

10 s and 48 s, respectively,

for toluene. R.G.

Z. Takits,

L. Charles,

Rapid

Cooks:

industrial

point

feed-flux

points

of -8°C

focusing

A pilot

indirect

of

carried

be maintained

various

the

Finally,

than

98%

around

0.01

The effects of feed flux

operation

pressure

methane

recovery

and

vapour

content

were

‘full-time’

engine,

gas in the process, A small

expelled

Flemmer’s broth

flux predicted model.

filtrate

from

Erythromycin

fluid. Experiments

from

to warm

at a 20 dm3 scale

and

the engine

system point

types

enantioseparation

22( 15) 3079-3

of view, and has a

synthetic

membranes

a porous

polymeric

support

nanotubules

that

thickness

membrane.

were calculated.

such

as rejection,

ratio

(which

size

for

discussed.

affect batch The

were consistent data

at

continuous

@-

the

Factors

concentration

commercially

the membrane operation)

calculated with

100

operation,

are

porous gold

nanoscopic

nanotubules

using electroless

results

experimental

dm3 scale. equations

is

the basic

separation

of

for

techniques. based

theory

that of direct

enantiomers

by

are

on

in

this

nanotubule that

separations

are

the

formation

of

Nishizawa, S.

Materials (September

B.

K. Lee:

13(18) 2001).

between

of

the

ion-

of these

gold

They show can or

and

1

these

authors

paper

can

of

class

The

membranes

permselectivity

of gold tubules

Hence,

a new

cation-permselective

switched

The

prepared

(less than

membranes.

these

with

and

properties

permselective,

These

M. Kang,

a

filter

diameters

sieves.

transport

electrophoretic

capillary

For

presented

review

is

deposition walls,

inside

membranes

review

1351-1362

M.

the

pores. are

dimensions

molecular

surveys

Martin,

Jirage,

micro-

polycarbonate

have

A

the potential

of

span

available

that

Fundamental aspects of chiral separations

by changing

to the membrane.

This

support

2001).

80 tonnes

the

be reversibly

of the support

The

high efficiency.

of

case

can

of

an ensemble

equation,

membrane

this

the

class

support.

contains

nm) can be prepared.

for operations

permselective

In

that consist of

24(10)

which

are

new

molecular

from

membranes

covers a

Chemical Engineering & Technology

areas appropriate

are

in and

research

L. Liu, Y. Chen, Y. Kang, M. Deng: (October

cation

Controlling ion-transport selectivity in gold ‘nanotubule’ membranes

the pore

1045-1048

charge, membranes

Elertropboresis

estimate the used to parameters involved in Flemmer’s

were

in

By applying

106 (15 September

onto

relatively

also

potentio-

2001).

cylindrical

from

in

system

Rizzi:

Andreas

complete

feed.

C.R.

solution

discussed.

to drive was used

applied

be

varying

the membrane

solution.

anion

Advanced

selectors.

free-flow

development

heat

is

of the

developments

continuous

gold

manner

of chiral

preparative

This

can be operated

in a self-sustainable

a survey features

the recent

was used the

section

can

and excess positive charge

switched a

(for

by

by

negative

permselectivity

In

both

permselectivity

charging

membranes.

discusses

a

acid cysteine),

introduced

yields

isoelectric

briefly

on particular

as a

of the

up the natural-gas

The whole an energy

was used as a model

the system

and

be

obtained,

basic

enantioseparation.

uses

are also

amount

For

with

some

gas as fuel, and the use of

for an engine

devised

also

which

pumps,

for

water-

such

as a fuel

method

on

Additionally, technologies,

vent gas from

area has been

~01%

some

can

Ion

excess

tuning

contains

the pH of the contacting

permselective

In addition,

by use of isoelectric

run of about

vacuum

membrane

were

gas could

Determination of membrane areas for ultrafiltration processes a numerical

in

water-vapour

a continuous

700 hours.

given

of charged

thiol

switched

an electrolyte

optimization

with

ammonium-

the amino

statically

into

of these

chiral

subsequent

at a

The

discussed.

processes,

Dew

to ca. -13°C

of the product

during

vent

calculating

12 m lo* out.

pressure

of more

attained.

of

gas is the subject test with

deals

or

permselectivity

phase. as

to pH

the review

of 4.6 MPa and methane

content

the

can be documented.

gas-transport

1520-l

ultrafiltration

partition basis

the benefits

aspects

the

of

for example

functionalities

reversibly

well

and

dehydration the dew

this of

the

hollow-fibre

scale

was

and

equations,

for lowering

Nm3/d

natural

2001)

On

on

of natural

ications in Mass Spectrometry 15 (17)

batch-mode

complexation

scale

based

auxiliary

Commun-

524 (15 September

as

An

investigated.

L.S. Riter,

protonation

these

example,

account

chemisorption

thiol to the gold tubule

If the

of

and protonationlde-

inherent

recovery

system

complexation

potential

pipeline

with limits

The

2001).

In

into

equilibria

combined

and

MIMS and

takes

walls.

zone

the

containing

be

routes.

thiol,

carboxylated

for

can

by two different

an ionizable

and

mode.

it

selectors

on-line

in the ppt range and a

magnitude.

times,

the

compounds

interest,

of detection linear

mass

in

Industrial-scale dehydration process for natural gas

the

the

optimized

time

context,

The first entails

selectivity

resolution

electrophoretic

to

the

review

needed of

coefficients,

introduced

treatment

equations

optimization

The

of Chemical

(October

the

permselectivity

and to

The

a comprehensive

analysis

operations. /.

of

added

solution.

Ion

between

analytes

selector

area

applicable

X. Wu:

vacuum

for permeation

analysis

Liu,

of this research.

the

This

C.

flowing swept

into

discussed. be

other ultrafiltration

membranes

small

the

side of the membrane, spectrometer.

is also

covers the

in the

membrane

could

process

surface-area

Helium,

permeate

and

diameter),

a large

membrane

was

diameter

outside

for

the

at

between mode

a chiral

micelles.

tubing

inside

of

1023-1029

inside

polytetrafluoroethylene I.60

of each stage,

Comparison

complexes

enantiomeric

electrolyte

outside

coaxially

(0.80

was

Technology & Biotechnology 76( 10)

inside

mm

context required

system

mm

0.64

the

optimum

and continuous

method

capillary

(0.30

diameter,

for

A

poly(dimethylsiloxane)

allowing

batch

introduction

described.

diastereomeric

The area

the

ratios

each stages.

polydimethyl-

mass spectrometry

have

usually their values were different

of a novel geometry

membrane

at

concentration

optimization,

semipermeable

siloxane

areas

established.

that

be

anionthe

be reversibly

these two states.

Membrane Technology No.140