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Anesthesia for infants and children
Book
\vas subjected to artificial experimental conditions which are not likely to occur in human lleings. The Vanderbilt Cooperative Study of Maternal and Infant Nutrition reported its findings on the effect of the reproductive cycle on the nutritional status of their clinic population, concluding that there are definite alterations in the patterns of dietary intake and biochemical \.alues during the reproductive interlude which revealed fundamental physiologic changes in the pregnant and lactating mother. They feel that adequate dietary supplementation should be applied as needed, but care should be exercised to avoid needless therapy. Finally, many fundamental and regulating tnechanisms of the body are thrown out of balance by the demands and effects of pregnancy, and these disturbances should be corrected when indicated. Physiology
of the Newborn Infant. By Clement A. Smith. Third edition. 497 pages, 62 figures, 60 tables. Springfield, Ill., 1959, Charles C Thomas, publisher. $12.50. Those who know Clement A. Smith cannot help hut feel a bit of borrowed pride on perusing the pages of the third edition of Physiology of the Newborn Infant. For others who are not so fortunate as to call the author friend, the republication of this classic furnishes a unique source of information on the fetus and the newborn infant which is modern in its approach, lrroad in its scope, and accurate in its scholar\,hip. Now, as in previously published editions, this is an entirely personal work, being detailed and most exciting in the fields of the author’s interest and more pedestrian in areas which do not intrigue him. Thus, the two chapters on respiration and the one on circulation arc tremendous. While some of the others do not tnaintain such a high level, they are nevertheless sound and scholarly. This is hardly a criticism of the work for, from another point of view, the author has given proper emphasis to I hose areas where research is most directed and progress most evident. However, one cannot help but be amused that the promised chapter on the nervous system is still apologetically missing. It would be a good guess that until all of the problems of respiration and circulation are solved, it will not appear in future editions.
Reviews
617
Accurate in scholarship, almost never dogmatic, essentially sound in its approach to current research, and, above all, fresh and exciting, this is a worthy successor to the previous two editions. Recent
Progress in Oxytocin Research. By B. Berde (American Lecture Series-Publication 300). 110 pages, 37 figures, 13 tables. Springfield, Ill., 1959, Charles C Thomas, publisher. $4.75. This small book, with but 82 pages of text, has merit but does not fulfill the promise its title suggests. It is readable for a highly technical volume. It will be of most use and interest to one interested in obstetrical physiology. There are 6 chapters plus introductory remarks and a section on references. The first 3 chapters are on the chemistry, biologic activity, production, and fate of oxytocin. They are well done. There is heavy reliance on work with animals. The fourth chapter, entitled “Oxytocin and Labour,” is cursory and glosses over the important American work. A fifth chapter, on oxytocin and lactation, is a satisfactory summary of the topic. The sixth and final chapter, on some other actions of oxytocin, notably its effect on excretion, circulation, and electrolyte balance, completes the report. The references are overwhelmingly to the foreign literature. Anesthesia
for Infants and Children. By Robert M. Smith. 418 pages, 182 figures. St. Louis, 1959, The C. V. Mosby Company. $12.00. This book is the first comprehensive review of pediatric anesthesia-all the more convincing as the author writes from a wide experience. In the opening chapters the various biological factors are discussed in relationship to the problems of anesthesia in these small patients. After a description of pediatric anesthesia equipment, the greater part of the remainder of the book is a well-written account of anesthetic management in the different ramifications of pediatric surgery. Treatment of respiratory insufficiency, oxygen therapy, and the legal aspects of pediatric anesthesia are outlined. The statistics presented show that in a well-run department the mortality associated with pediatric anesthesia need not be higher than that attendant to the use of anesthesia in the adult population.
618
Book Reviews
Only anatomical reasons for endotracheal intuhation are presented; yet, there are many who feel that this procedure is justified in some cases from the reduction of dead space alone-,---especially in prolonged procedures. The author prefers to use closed circuit techniques in many situations which, in the reviewer’s opinion, could be handled adequately by nonrehreathing systems. The agents and techniques recommended in Table 13 represent the author’s own point of view, though other anesthetics and methods could be used equally well. The standard of production and readability of this book are of a high order and it contains much sound advice. Biopsy Manual. By 3. D. Hardy, J. CL Grifin. Jr., and J. A. Rodriguez. I.50 pagrs, 54 figures. Philadelphia. 19.59, W. K. Saunders Company. $6.50. The various aspects of biopsy are considered here, including thp general principles. the complications. and the instruments employed. Each chapter is delroted to a single region or organ of the hod?. The method? of performing the hiopsies are excellently illustrated and the descriptions are adequate. The bibliography is quite sufficient if one is interested in special information. Portia-Karzinom. By Kurt Michalzik. ? I 1 pages? 269 figures. Munich and Berlin. 1959. Urban and Schwarzenberg. DM 36. Dr. Kurt Michalzik has compiled the abnormal findings in a group of 5,001, women who were examined for uterine cancer by means of cytodiagnostic, colposcopic, and histologic t Whniques. Basically, he attempted to correlate the findings in these 5,000 women as to their Papanicolaou smears and the colposcopic appearance. He also used the additiona features of Giemsa staining of vaginal smears to advance the old hypothesis that carcinoma is 3 result of vaginal irritations set up by vaginal microorganisms and infections. To emphasize his findings, he used 269 photomicrographs of his more interesting cases. Un-
fortunately. rhesl> ar(~ not in color. The quality of the photographs are first rate, however. and generally the diagnosis is justified. Through a complicated system of symbols he attempts to show the follow-up of interesting cases by grading the smears nor only as to the five classes of Papanicolaou but also to eight grades of hormone activity. The numerous suhdivisions of vaginitis, leukoplakia, and eventually cellular &typicality all receive symbols which, according to the author, enable him to make the diagnosis of early cancer in the suspicious smears Glasses III, IV. and V’;, and also to point out that the etiology of cervical carcinoma lies in vaginal irritations caused by microorganism,. The point is mentioned that since there arc no cellular elements that make a cytologic dia,ynosis of cancer a certainty, the technique must
\vas subjected to artificial experimental conditions which are not likely to occur in human lleings. The Vanderbilt Cooperative Study of Maternal and Infant Nutrition reported its findings on the effect of the reproductive cycle on the nutritional status of their clinic population, concluding that there are definite alterations in the patterns of dietary intake and biochemical \.alues during the reproductive interlude which revealed fundamental physiologic changes in the pregnant and lactating mother. They feel that adequate dietary supplementation should be applied as needed, but care should be exercised to avoid needless therapy. Finally, many fundamental and regulating tnechanisms of the body are thrown out of balance by the demands and effects of pregnancy, and these disturbances should be corrected when indicated. Physiology
of the Newborn Infant. By Clement A. Smith. Third edition. 497 pages, 62 figures, 60 tables. Springfield, Ill., 1959, Charles C Thomas, publisher. $12.50. Those who know Clement A. Smith cannot help hut feel a bit of borrowed pride on perusing the pages of the third edition of Physiology of the Newborn Infant. For others who are not so fortunate as to call the author friend, the republication of this classic furnishes a unique source of information on the fetus and the newborn infant which is modern in its approach, lrroad in its scope, and accurate in its scholar\,hip. Now, as in previously published editions, this is an entirely personal work, being detailed and most exciting in the fields of the author’s interest and more pedestrian in areas which do not intrigue him. Thus, the two chapters on respiration and the one on circulation arc tremendous. While some of the others do not tnaintain such a high level, they are nevertheless sound and scholarly. This is hardly a criticism of the work for, from another point of view, the author has given proper emphasis to I hose areas where research is most directed and progress most evident. However, one cannot help but be amused that the promised chapter on the nervous system is still apologetically missing. It would be a good guess that until all of the problems of respiration and circulation are solved, it will not appear in future editions.
Reviews
617
Accurate in scholarship, almost never dogmatic, essentially sound in its approach to current research, and, above all, fresh and exciting, this is a worthy successor to the previous two editions. Recent
Progress in Oxytocin Research. By B. Berde (American Lecture Series-Publication 300). 110 pages, 37 figures, 13 tables. Springfield, Ill., 1959, Charles C Thomas, publisher. $4.75. This small book, with but 82 pages of text, has merit but does not fulfill the promise its title suggests. It is readable for a highly technical volume. It will be of most use and interest to one interested in obstetrical physiology. There are 6 chapters plus introductory remarks and a section on references. The first 3 chapters are on the chemistry, biologic activity, production, and fate of oxytocin. They are well done. There is heavy reliance on work with animals. The fourth chapter, entitled “Oxytocin and Labour,” is cursory and glosses over the important American work. A fifth chapter, on oxytocin and lactation, is a satisfactory summary of the topic. The sixth and final chapter, on some other actions of oxytocin, notably its effect on excretion, circulation, and electrolyte balance, completes the report. The references are overwhelmingly to the foreign literature. Anesthesia
for Infants and Children. By Robert M. Smith. 418 pages, 182 figures. St. Louis, 1959, The C. V. Mosby Company. $12.00. This book is the first comprehensive review of pediatric anesthesia-all the more convincing as the author writes from a wide experience. In the opening chapters the various biological factors are discussed in relationship to the problems of anesthesia in these small patients. After a description of pediatric anesthesia equipment, the greater part of the remainder of the book is a well-written account of anesthetic management in the different ramifications of pediatric surgery. Treatment of respiratory insufficiency, oxygen therapy, and the legal aspects of pediatric anesthesia are outlined. The statistics presented show that in a well-run department the mortality associated with pediatric anesthesia need not be higher than that attendant to the use of anesthesia in the adult population.
618
Book Reviews
Only anatomical reasons for endotracheal intuhation are presented; yet, there are many who feel that this procedure is justified in some cases from the reduction of dead space alone-,---especially in prolonged procedures. The author prefers to use closed circuit techniques in many situations which, in the reviewer’s opinion, could be handled adequately by nonrehreathing systems. The agents and techniques recommended in Table 13 represent the author’s own point of view, though other anesthetics and methods could be used equally well. The standard of production and readability of this book are of a high order and it contains much sound advice. Biopsy Manual. By 3. D. Hardy, J. CL Grifin. Jr., and J. A. Rodriguez. I.50 pagrs, 54 figures. Philadelphia. 19.59, W. K. Saunders Company. $6.50. The various aspects of biopsy are considered here, including thp general principles. the complications. and the instruments employed. Each chapter is delroted to a single region or organ of the hod?. The method? of performing the hiopsies are excellently illustrated and the descriptions are adequate. The bibliography is quite sufficient if one is interested in special information. Portia-Karzinom. By Kurt Michalzik. ? I 1 pages? 269 figures. Munich and Berlin. 1959. Urban and Schwarzenberg. DM 36. Dr. Kurt Michalzik has compiled the abnormal findings in a group of 5,001, women who were examined for uterine cancer by means of cytodiagnostic, colposcopic, and histologic t Whniques. Basically, he attempted to correlate the findings in these 5,000 women as to their Papanicolaou smears and the colposcopic appearance. He also used the additiona features of Giemsa staining of vaginal smears to advance the old hypothesis that carcinoma is 3 result of vaginal irritations set up by vaginal microorganisms and infections. To emphasize his findings, he used 269 photomicrographs of his more interesting cases. Un-
fortunately. rhesl> ar(~ not in color. The quality of the photographs are first rate, however. and generally the diagnosis is justified. Through a complicated system of symbols he attempts to show the follow-up of interesting cases by grading the smears nor only as to the five classes of Papanicolaou but also to eight grades of hormone activity. The numerous suhdivisions of vaginitis, leukoplakia, and eventually cellular &typicality all receive symbols which, according to the author, enable him to make the diagnosis of early cancer in the suspicious smears Glasses III, IV. and V’;, and also to point out that the etiology of cervical carcinoma lies in vaginal irritations caused by microorganism,. The point is mentioned that since there arc no cellular elements that make a cytologic dia,ynosis of cancer a certainty, the technique must